Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5538 No. 4: 18 Nov. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-11-18
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.2
Page range: 322-338
Abstract views: 94
PDF downloaded: 2

The Psychodidae (Diptera) of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, with a records overview of volcanic islands fauna

Universidade Federal da Bahia; Instituto de Biologia; Salvador; BA; Brazil; Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Feira de Santana; BA; Brazil
Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Feira de Santana; BA; Brazil
Universidade Estadual do Maranhão; Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados; Caxias; MA; Brazil
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Coordenação de Biodiversidade; Manaus; AM; Brazil
Diptera Oceanic Island Fauna Moth-Flies Neotropics Psychodinae

Abstract

The family Psychodidae (Diptera) is recorded for the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, represented by two genera and three species: Clogmia albipunctata Williston, Psychoda buxoides Quate, P. savaiiensis Edwards, as well as an undetermined species belonging to the tribe Pericomaini. The fauna of Psychodidae in Fernando de Noronha is remarkably inferior to the Brazilian continental fauna, including species known as cosmopolitan due to the introduction into the most varied environments by human action. An identification key for the Psychodidae of Fernando de Noronha is given, and an overview of the records of Psychodidae for volcanic islands worldwide is also provided.

 

References

  1. Abreu, E.S. (1930) Monografía de los Psychodidos de las Islas Canarias. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes, Barcelona, 22, 93–129.
  2. Boumans, L., Zimmer, J-Y. & Verheggen, F. (2009) First records of the ‘bathroom mothmidge’ Clogmia albipunctata, a conspicuous element of the Belgian fauna that went unnoticed (Diptera: Psychodidae). Phegea, 37, 153–160.
  3. Borkent, A., Brown, B.V., Adler, P.H., Amorin, D.S., Barber, K., Bickel, D., Boucher, S., Brooks, S.E., Burger, J., Burington, Z.L., Capellari, R.S., Costa, D.N.R., Cumming, J.M., Curler, G., Dick, C.W., Epler, J.H., Fisher, E., Gaimari, S.D., Gelhaus, J., Grimaldi, D.A., Hash, J., Hauser, M., Hippa, H., Ibáñez-Bernal, S., Jaschhof, M., Kameneva, E.P., Kerr, P.H., Korneyev, V., Korytkowski, C.A., Kung, G.A., Kvifte, G.M., Lonsdale, O., Marshall, S.A., Mathis, W.N., Michelsen, V., Naglis, S., Norrbom, A.L., Paiero, S., Pape,T., Pereira-Colavite, A., Pollet, M., Rochefort, S., Rung, A., Runyon, J.B., Savage, J., Silva, V.C., Sinclair, B.J., Skevington, J.H., Stireman, J.O., Swann, J., Vilkamaa, P., Wheeler, T., Whitworth, T., Wong, M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N., Yau, T., Zavortink, T.J. & Zumbado, M.A. (2018) Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa, 4402 (1), 53–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3
  4. Bravo, F., Cordeiro, D. & Chagas, C. (2006) Two new species and new records of Psychoda Latreille (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Brazil, with comments on supraspecific classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 1298 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1298.1.1
  5. Bravo, F., Souza, I., dos Santos, C.B. & Ferreira, A.L. (2011) Three new species of Telmatoscopus Eaton, 1904 (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2802 (1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2802.1.3
  6. Cordeiro, D., Bravo, F. & De Carvalho, C.J.B. (2011) Taxonomy of Brazilian Psychoda Latreille, 1796 (Diptera, Psychodidae) with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 37 (1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3101.1.1
  7. Cordeiro, D. (2020) First record to Brazil of one genus and seven species of Psychodidae (Diptera), with further new records for ten countries in the Neotropics. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 60, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.02
  8. Cumming, J. & Wood, D.M. (2017) Adult morphology and terminology. Chapter 3. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 1. Introductory chapters and keys to Diptera familias. Suricata 4. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 89–133.
  9. Curran, C.H. (1926) New Diptera of Jamaica. In: Gowdey, C.C. (Ed.), Catalogus Insectorum Jamaicensis. Jamaica Department of Agriculture, Entomology Bulletin, 4 (1–2), pp. 1–114.
  10. De Almeida, F.F.M. (2002) Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha. In: Schobbenhaus, C., Campos, D.A., de Queiroz, E.T., Winge, M., Berbert-Born, M.L.C. (Eds.), Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM), Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM), Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos (SIGEP), Brasilia, pp. 361–368.
  11. Depaquit, J., Randrianambinintsoa, F.J., Jaouadi, K., Payard, J., Bounamous, A., Augot, D., Krueger, A., Brengues, C., Couloux, A., Robert, V., Léger, N. (2014) Molecular and morphological systematics of the sandfly Sergentomyia (Sintonius) clydei Sinton, 1928 and questions about its record in the Seychelles. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 21, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.016
  12. Duckhouse, D.A. (1971) Entomology of the Aucklands and other islands south of New Zealand: Diptera: Psychodidae. Pacific Insects Monograph, 27, 317–325.
  13. Duckhouse, D.A. (1973) 6A Family Psychodidae. Subfamilies Bruchomyiinae, Trichomyiinae, Sycoracinae and Psychodinae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, pp. 1–29.
  14. Duckhouse, D.A. (1978) Non-phlebotomine Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) of southern Africa. II. Subfamily Psychodinae: Neoarisemus and the brunettoid and telmatoscopoid genera. Annals Natal Museum, 23 (2), 305–359.
  15. Duckhouse, D.A. (1985) Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) of the Subantarctic Islands, with observations on the incidence of parthenogenesis. International Journal of Entomology, 27 (3), 173–184
  16. Eaton, A.E. (1894) Description of a new species of Pericoma from Delagoa Bay. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 2 (5), 194–195.
  17. Enderlein, G. (1937) Klassifikation der Psychodiden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift und Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift in Vereinigung, 1936 (3–4), 81–112.
  18. Edwards, F.W. (1928) Nematocera. Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropoda. Part VI Diptera. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, London, 6 (2), 25–108.
  19. Elgueta, M. & Ježek, J. (2014) Nuevos Registros de Psychodidae (Diptera), con una lista de las especies citadas para chile. Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile), 42 (2), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-686X2014000200007
  20. Haseman, L. (1907) A monograph of the North American Psychodidae, including ten new species and an aquatic psychodid from Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 33, 299–333.
  21. Ibáñez-Bernal, S. (2008) New records and descriptions of Mexican moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Psychodinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 134, 87–131. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[87:nradom]2.0.co;2
  22. Jaume-Schinkel, S., Kvifte, G.M., Weele, R.V.D. & Mengual, X. (2022) Alepia viatrix sp. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae), a new species of a Neotropical genus found on the Azores Archipelago (Portugal). Zootaxa, 5128 (3), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.3.4.
  23. Ježek, J. (1989) Contribution to taxonomy of the genus Telmatoscopus Eat. (Diptera, Psychodidae). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, 44 (B), 75–104.
  24. Ježek, J. & Le Pont, F. (2016) Psychodidae (Diptera) of New Caledonia: checklist and description of a new genus and species. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 56 (2), 813–826.
  25. Ježek, J. & Motoyoshi, M. (1995) Two new moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46 (1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.46.59_1
  26. Ježek, J. & Van Harten, A. (1996) Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Cape Verde Islands, captured with a Johnson-Taylor suction trap. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 48 (266), 63–86.
  27. Johnson, C.W. (1908) The Diptera of the Bahamas, with notes and description of one new species. Psyche, 15, 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1155/1908/81853
  28. Kvifte, G.M. (2012) Catalogue and bibliography of Afrotropical Psychodidae: Bruchomyiinae, Psychodinae, Sycoracinae and Trichomyiinae. Zootaxa, 3231 (1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3231.1.2
  29. Kvifte, G.M. (2014) Nomenclature and taxonomy of Telmatoscopus Eaton and Seoda Enderlein; with a discussion of parameral evolution in Paramormiini and Pericomaini (Diptera: Psychodidae, Psychodinae). Zootaxa, 3878(4), 390–400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3878.4.5
  30. Kvifte, G.M., Andersen, T., Hagenlund, L.K. & Bello González, O.C. (2016) Two new Neotropical species of Perithreticus Vaillant 1973 (Diptera: Psychodidae, Psychodinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 51 (2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2016.1198579
  31. Kvifte, G.M. & Wagner, R. (2017a) Review of Neurosystasis Satchell, with two new species from Cuba and a discussion of cerci and surstyli in Psychodinae (Diptera: Psychodidae). Zootaxa, 4306 (1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4306.1.4
  32. Kvifte, G.M. & Wagner, R. (2017b) Psychodidae (moth flies, sand flies and owl flies) flies. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 607–632.
  33. Léger, N., Perrotey, S., Ferté, H., Pesson, B., Morillas-Marquez, F. & Barrale, T. (1995) Présence de Phlebotomus (Larroussius) ariasi Tonnoir, 1921 à Fuerteventura (Canaries, Espagne). Parasite, 2 (2), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1995022187
  34. Mirouse, R. (1958) Telmatoscopus (Panimerus) haranti, espèce nouvelle de Diptère Psychodide. Entomologiste, 14 (5–6), 93–96.
  35. Morelli, A. (2018) A new species of Trichomyia from Italy (Diptera, Psychodidae, Trichomyiinae). Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 69, 7–11.
  36. Nielsen, B.O. (1964) Studies on Danish Psychodidae (Diptera: Nematocera) II. Natura Jutlandica, 12, 149–161.
  37. Pape, T., Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. (2011) Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. Zootaxa 3148 (1), 222–229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42
  38. Peck, S.B., Heraty, J., Landry, B. & Sinclair, B.J. (1998) The introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist, 44 (4), 218–237. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/44.4.218
  39. Pellerano, G. (1967) Notas sobre Psychodidae (Diptera) argentinos. I. Redescripción de Psychoda alternata Say, P. cinerea Banks y Telmatoscopus albipunctatus (Williston). Physis, 27 (74), 9–26.
  40. QGIS Develop Team. (2024) QGIS 3.34 Geographic Information System. Open-Source Geospatial Foundation Project, QGIS Association. http://www.qgis.org (accessed 03 July 2024).
  41. Quate, L.W. (1954) A Revision of the Psychodidae of the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 15, 335–356.
  42. Quate, L.W. (1959a) Diptera: Psychodidae. In: Quate, L.W. (Ed.), Insects of Micronesia. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 12 (4), pp. 435–484.
  43. Quate, L.W. (1959b) Synopsis of Polynesian Psychodidae (Diptera). Pacific Insects Monography, Honolulu, 1 (4), 431–440.
  44. Quate, L.W. (1959c) Taxonomy of Neotropical Psychodidae (Diptera) 1. Psychoda species of West Indies and Central America with a key to Trinidad species. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 35 (4), 213–221.
  45. Quate, L.W. (1961) Notes on Tokunaga’s Japanese Species of Psychoda. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 17(3), 337–338.
  46. Quate, L.W. (1962) Insects of Macquarie Island. Diptera: Psychodidae. Pacific Insects 4 (4), 958.
  47. Quate, L.W. (1964) Insects of Campbell Island. Diptera: Psychodidae. Pacific Insects Monograph, 7, 280–288.
  48. Quate, L.W. (1965a) Redescription of Brunettia biformis Edwards (Diptera). Pacific Insects, 7 (4), 796–798.
  49. Quate, L.W. (1965b) A taxonomic study of Philippine Psychodidae (Diptera). Pacific Insects, 7 (4), 815–902.
  50. Quate, L.W. (1966) The Psychodidae of the Ryukyu Islands (Diptera). Pacific Insects, 8 (2), 299–318.
  51. Quate, L.W. (1996) Preliminary taxonomy of Costa Rican Psychodidae (Diptera), exclusive of Phlebotominae. Revista de Biología Tropical, 44 (1), 1–81.
  52. Quate, L.W. & Brown, B.V. (2004) Revision of Neotropical Setomimini (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 500, 1–117. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.210558
  53. Rafael, J.A., Limeira-de-oliveira, F., Hutchings, R.W., Miranda, G.F.G., Silva-Neto, A.M., Somavilla, A., Camargo, A., Asenjo, A., Pinto, A.P., Bello, A.M., Dalmorra, C., Mello-Patiu, C.A., De Carvalho, C.J.B., Takiya, D.M., Parizotto, D.R., Marques, D.W.A., Cavalheiro, D.O., Mendes, D.M.M., Zeppelini, D., Carneiro, E., Lima, E.F.B., De Lima, E.C.A., de Godoi, F.S.P., Pessoa, F.A.C., Vaz-de-mello, F.Z., Sosaduque, F.J., Fernandes, I.O., Silva-júnior, J.O., Gomes, L.R.P., Monné, M.L., De Castro, M.C.M., Da Silva, M.P.G., Couri, M.S., Gottschalk, M.S., Soares, M.M.M., Monné, M.A., Rafael, M.S., Casagrande, M.M., Mielke, O.H.H., Grossi, P.C., Pinto, P.J.C., Bartholomay, P.R., Sobral, R., Heleodoro, R.A., Machado, R.J.P., Corrêa, R.C., Hutchings, R.S.G., Ale-rocha, R., Dos Santos, S.D., De Lima, S.P., Mahlmann, T., Silva, V.C. & Fernandes, D.R.R. (2020) Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 64 (3), e20200052. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2020-0052
  54. Rafael J.A., Marques, D.W.A., Silva-Neto A.M., Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. (2021a) Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Pipunculidae (Diptera). Entomological Communications, 3, ec03008. https://doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec03008
  55. Rafael, J.A., Marques, D.W.A., Silva-Neto, A.M., Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. (2021b) Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Seasonality and Populational Density of Tabanidae (Diptera). Biota Neotropica, 21 (3), e20211211. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1211
  56. Rafael, J.A., Ale-Rocha, R., Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. (2022) Insect (Hexapoda) Diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Scenopinidae (Diptera). Biota Neotropica, 22 (2), e20211282.
  57. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1282
  58. Rafael, J.A., Marques, D.W.A. & Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. (2023) Insect (Hexapoda) Diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Clusiidae (Diptera). Zootaxa, 5353 (4), 332–350. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.2
  59. Randrianambinintsoa, F.J., Depaquit, J., Brengues, C., Dhondt, C., Yahaya, I., Ouledi, A., Leger, N. & Robert, V. (2012) First record of Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Comoros Archipelago with description of Sergentomyia (Vattieromyia) pessoni n. sp. and S. (Rondanomyia) goodmani comorensis n. ssp. Parasite, 19 (3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2012193195
  60. Rapp, W.F. & Copper, J.L. (1945) Check-list of African Psychodidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 53 (3), 247–257.
  61. Satchell, G.H. (1953) New and little known Samoan Psychodidae and a new species from Rarotonga. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Serie B), 22, 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1953.tb00042.x
  62. Satchell, G.H. (1955a) New and little-known Algerian and Canary Island Psychodidae. Annals of the Natal Museum, 13 (2), 101–120.
  63. Satchell, G.H. (1955b) XI.—Two new subgenera of Psychodidae (Diptera) from Jamaica, with description of five new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (86), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935508651831
  64. Shimabukur,o P.H.F., Andrade, A.J. & Galati, E.A.B. (2017) Checklist of American sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): genera, species, and their distribution. Zookeys, 660, 67–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.660.10508
  65. Speiser, P. (1910) 10. Diptera. 4. Orthorhapha. In: Sjöstedt, Y. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906, unter leitung von prof. dr. Yngve Sjöstedt. 2. Band, Abteilung 8–14. Tryckt hos P. Palmquists aktiebolag, Stockholm, pp. 31–112. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1805
  66. Theodor, O. (1931) On African Sandflies (Dipt.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 22 (4), 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300035343
  67. Tkoč, M. & Ježek, J. (2013) Abcharis nom. nov., a new substitute name for Notiocharis Eaton, 1913 (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) with world check-list of species. Zootaxa, 3734 (3), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.3.9
  68. Tokunaga, M & Komyo, E. (1954) Japanese Psychodidae, I. Psychoda species. Philippine Journal of Science, 83 (3), 307–317.
  69. Tokunaga, M. (1957) Japanese Psychodidae, IV. Descriptions and revision of Psychoda species. Philippine Journal of Science, 86 (4), 359–403.
  70. Tokunaga, M. (1959) Japanese Psychodidae, V. Descriptions and revision on the Japanese species of the genera Trichopsychoda, Pericoma, Telmatoscopus, Brunettia, and Trichomyia. Philippine Journal of Science, 88 (4), 453–507.
  71. Vaillant, E. (1972). 9d. Psychodidae–Psychodinae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. Lieferung 291. E. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlangsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller), Stuttgard, pp. 49–78.
  72. Van der Beek, J.G., Schrama, M.J.J., Ciliberti, P., Helleman, P.J.J., Wouters, R.M., Schaffner, F. & Braks, M.A.H. (2024) First record of a phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) on the Dutch Caribbean island of Curaçao. Deinsea, 22, 23–30.
  73. Wagner, R. (1993) On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) by Dr. L. Botosaneanu from some Caribbean islands. Aquatic Insects, 15 (2), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650429309361506
  74. Wagner, R. (1999) Psychodidae from the Dominican Republic: Records and Descriptions of New Species (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 72 (2), 233–245.
  75. Wagner, R. & Báez, M. (1993) On some Psychodidae (Diptera) from Madeira. Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie), 495 (5), 1–5.
  76. Wagner, R. & Masteller, E.C. (1996) New moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and a key to species from Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 93(3), 450–464.
  77. Wagner, R., Barták, M., Borkent, A., Courtney, G., Goddeeris, B., Haenni, J-P., Knutson, L., Pont, A., Rotheray, G.E., Rozkošný, R., Sinclair, B., Woodley, N., Zatwarnicki, T., Zwick, P. (2008a) Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simuliidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae). Hydrobiologia, 595, 489–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9127-9
  78. Wagner, R., Richardson, B.A. & Richardson, M.J. (2008b) A new psychodid species from Puerto Rican tank bromeliads. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 43 (3), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520802288173
  79. Wagner, R., Richardson, B.A. & Richardson, M.J. (2010) A new psychodid species from Saban tank bromeliads. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 45 (3), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2010.514800
  80. Wagner, R. & Stuckenberg, B. (2016) Cladistic analysis of Subfamily Bruchomyiinae (Diptera: Psychodidae). Zootaxa, 4092 (2), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.2.1
  81. Williams, F.X. (1943) Biological Studies in Hawaiian Water-Loving Insects—Part III. Diptera or Flies—C, Tipulidae and Psychodidae. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 11 (3), 313–338.
  82. Williston, S.W. (1893) The North American Psychodidae. In: Skinner, H. & Calvert, P.P. Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Volume 4. Entomological Rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, pp. 113–114. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40989
  83. Young, D.G. & Duncan, M.A. (1994) Guide to the identification and geographic distribution of Lutzomyia Sand Flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera: Psychodidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 54, 1–865. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA285737
  84. Zittra, C., Schoener, E.R., Wagner, R., Heddergott, M., Duscher, G.G. & Fuehrer, H-P. (2020) Unnoticed arrival of two dipteran species in Austria: the synanthropic moth fly Clogmia albipunctata (Williston, 1893) and the parasitic bird louse fly Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811). Parasitology Research, 119, 737–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06563-9