Abstract
Eleven new species of the sciophiline genus Cluzobra Edwards are described and illustrated – Cluzobra triocellata, sp.n., Cluzobra accola, sp.n., Cluzobra claripennis, sp.n., Cluzobra papaveroi, sp.n., Cluzobra coptolithus, sp.n., Cluzobra vockerothi, sp.n., Cluzobra sapiranga, sp.n., Cluzobra fluminense, sp.n., Cluzobra fritzmuelleri, sp.n., Cluzobra spinata, sp.n., Cluzobra elpidia, sp.n. Additional specimens of C. fuscipennis Edwards, C. plaumanni Edwards, and C. binocellaris (Edwards) have been identified, extending the distribution range of these species. The species were identified and described based on 173 specimens at different latitudes along the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northern Argentina. The position of the new species in the groups of species proposed for the genus in the literature is considered. Three areas of endemism are identified for the group, one from southern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay northwards to areas at higher altitudes in the States of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, one from southern Bahia to the extreme north of the Atlantic Forest, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in west State of São Paulo, extending west and northwards into the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás. This paper raises the number of known Cluzobra to 41 species.References
Amorim, D.S. & Oliveira, S.S. (In preparation). Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Mycetophilidae.
Amorim, D.S.; Oliveira, S.S. & Balbi, M.I.P.A. (2008) Azana atlantica, n.sp., with reduced mouthparts and two ocelli: first record of Azana for the Neotropical region (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae). Zootaxa, 1789, 57–65.
Amorim, D.S. & Pires, M.R.S. (1996) Neotropical biogeography and a method for maximum biodiversity estimation, p. 183–219. In: Bicudo, C.E.M. & N.A. Menezes, Biodiversity in Brazil: A First approach. CNPq, São Paulo.
Amorim, D.S. & Rindal, E. (2007). Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Zootaxa, 1535, 1–92.
Brown, B.V. (2005) Malaise trap catches and the crisis in Neotropical Dipterology. Amer. Entomol., 51(3), 180–183.
Carvalho, M.R. de; Bockmann, F.A.; Amorim, D.S. & Brandão, C.R.F. (2008) Systematics must embrace comparative biology and evolution, not speed and automation. Evolutionary Biology, 35, 97–104.
Chandler, P. (2002) Heterotricha Loew and allied genera (Diptera: Sciaroidea): offshoots of the stem group of Mycetophilidae and/or Sciaridae? Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (n.s.), 38, 101–144.
Coher, E.I. (1997) A new North American species of the genus Cluzobra (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Entomological News, 108, 151–154.
Edwards, F.W. (1934) New Neotropical Mycetophilidae (III) (Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 4, 354–372.
Edwards, F.W. (1940) New Neotropical Mycetophilidae (IV) (Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 11, 440–465, 2 pls.
Hennig, W. (1973) Diptera (Zweiflügler). Handbuch der Zoologie 4(2) 2/31. Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 335 pp.
Hippa, H. & Vilkamaa, P. (2005) The genus Sciarotricha gen.n. (Sciaridae) and the phylogeny of recent and fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 36, 121–144.
Hippa, H. & Vilkamaa, P. (2006). Phylogeny of the Sciaroidea: (Diptera): the implication of additional taxa and character data. Zootaxa, 1132, 63–68.
Jaschhof, M. & Hippa, H. (2005) The genus Manota in Costa Rica (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Zootaxa, 1011, 1–54.
Jaschhof, M. & Kallweit, U. (2004) The genus Aphrastomyia Coher & Lane, 1949 in Costa Rica (Insecta: Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Faunistiche Abhandlungen, 25, 107–123.
Kurina, O. (2008) Cluzobra matilei, sp.n. from French Guyana, with notes on congeners (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Zootaxa, 1874, 63–68.
Lane, J. (1956) New Neotropical Sciophilinae (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Dusenia, 7, 119–124, 8 figs.
Lane, J. (1959) Insecta Amapaensia. – Diptera: Mycetophilidae. Studia Entomologica, 2, 105–118, 14 figs.
Lane, J. (1960) Mycetophilidae from Trinidad, B.W.I. (Diptera, Nematocera). Studia Entomologica, 3, 375–384, 9 figs.
Matile, L. (1990) Recherches sur la systématique et l’évolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris (A), 148, 1–682.
Matile, L. (1996) Révision des Cluzobra Néotropicaux (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Annales de la Societé Entomolique de France (N.S.), 32, 3–57.
Matile, L. (1999) Notes sur les Sciophilinae austraux du groupe Azana et description d’un nouveau genre Afrotropical (Diptera : Mycetophilidae). Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France, (N.S.), 34, 385–395.
Papavero, N. (1978) 19E. Mycetophilidae, p. 1–78. In: Papavero, N. (ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Pinto, L.G. & Amorim, D.S. (1997). Revision of Bibionellus (Diptera: Bibionidae), with a phylogeny of the species of the genus. Iheringia (Zool.), 83, 65–84.
Söli, G.E.E. (1997) The adult morphology of Mycetophilidae (s. str.), with a tentative phylogeny of the family (Diptera, Sciaroidea). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 50, 5–55.
Tozoni, S.H.S. (1998) Sistemática filogenética dos Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). PhD Thesis. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.
Vockeroth, R. (1981) Mycetophilidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. et al. (eds), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1, 223–246. Research Branch Agriculture Canada. Monograph 27. Ottawa, Ontario.