Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5541 No. 4: 28 Nov. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-11-28
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5541.4.4
Page range: 485-512
Abstract views: 85
PDF downloaded: 4

A new granite cave dwelling endemic species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hon Son Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam

Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 85 Tran Quoc Toan St.; Dist. 3; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam
Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 85 Tran Quoc Toan St.; Dist. 3; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam; Minh Khoi Biotechnology Co.; Ltd.; Vietnam
Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 85 Tran Quoc Toan St.; Dist. 3; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam; Minh Khoi Biotechnology Co.; Ltd.; Vietnam
Hong Bang International University; Vietnam
Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 85 Tran Quoc Toan St.; Dist. 3; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam
Herpetology photographer; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam; 1224 W Varese Wy; Oro Valley; Arizona; 85755 USA
Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 85 Tran Quoc Toan St.; Dist. 3; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St.; Dist. Cau Giay; Ha Noi City; Vietnam
Herpetology Laboratory; Department of Biology; La Sierra University; 4500 Riverwalk Parkway; Riverside; California 92515 USA; Department of Herpetology; San Diego Natural History Museum; PO Box 121390; San Diego; California; 92112; USA; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Jalan UMS; 88400; Kota Kinabalu; Sabah; Malaysia
Reptilia integrative taxonomy bent-toed gecko Gulf of Thailand phylogeny insular endemism Southeast Asia

Abstract

During field work on Hon Son Island, we discovered a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus inferred from genetic and morphological evidence. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial gene ND2, delimit Cyrtodactylus borgattaorum sp. nov. as a new species in the C. intermedius group and the strongly supported sister species of C. phuquocensis in both Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses. The new species is distinguished from all other members of the intermedius group by having the combination of 12 supralabials; 10 or 11 infralabials; 22 or 23 small, rounded, smooth, paravertebral tubercles; 12 rows of small, rounded, smooth, longitudinally arranged body tubercles; 35–39 ventrals; 8–10 expanded subdigital lamellae, 12 or 13 unexpanded subdigital lamellae, and 21 or 22 total subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 21 or 22 enlarged femorals; 8 or 9 enlarged precloacals; 8 or 9 precloacal pores in males; three rows of enlarged post-precloacals; postcloacal tubercles; enlarged femorals and enlarged precloacals not continuous; proximal femorals nearly same size of distal femorals; body tubercles smooth, greatly reduced; no pocketing between digits on the hands and feet; two dark-colored pigmented blotches on top of head; four dark-colored dorsal bands lacking lightened centers, thinner than light-colored interspaces between bands, bordered by prominent white tubercles; no dark body markings in light-colored interspaces between bands; limbs bearing white tubercles; and six dark-colored and light-colored caudal bands. Cyrtodactylus borgattaorum sp. nov. lives in syntopy with Cyrtodactylus eisenmanae which is the first record of syntopy between granite cave dwelling Cyrtodactylus.

 

References

  1. Agarwal, A., El-Ghazawi, T., El-Askary, H. & Le-Moigne, J. (2007) Efficient hierarchical-PCA dimension reduction for hyperspectral imagery. 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 15–18 December, 2007, 353–356. https://doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2007.4458191
  2. Brennan, I.G., Bauer, A.M., Ngo, T.V., Wang, Y.Y., Wang, W.Z., Zhang, Y.P. & Murphy, R.W. (2017) Barcoding utility in a mega-diverse, cross-continental genus: Keeping pace with Cyrtodactylus geckos. Scientific Reports, 7 (1), e5592. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05261-9
  3. Chhin, S., Neang T., Chan, S., Kong, K., Ou, R., In, Samron, V., Sor, R., Lou, V., Sin, S., Chhim, M. Stuart, B.L. & Grismer, L.L. (2024) A new species in the Cyrtodactylus intermedius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) group from an isolated limestone karst formstion in southwestern Cambodia. Zootaxa, 5474 (1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.1.1
  4. Eckert, R.J., Studivan, M.S. & Voss, J.D. (2019) Populations of the coral species Montastraea cavernosa on the Belize Barrier Reef lack vertical connectivity. Scientific Reports, 9 (1), 7200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43479-x
  5. Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32 (5), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  6. Fairuz-Fozi, N., Triest, L., Mat Zauki, N.A., Kaben, A.M., Nelson, B.R., Chatterji, A., Akhir, M.F., Satyanarayana, B. & Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2021) Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille, 1802) populations reveal genetic break in Strait of Malacca, with connectivity along southern coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31, 1559–1569. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3552
  7. Grismer, L.L., Ngo, V.T. & Grismer, J.L. (2008) A new species of insular pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1715 (1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1715.1.4
  8. Grismer, L.L., Chan, K., Oaks, J.R., Neang, T., Sokun, L., Murdoch, M.L., Stuart, B.L. & Grismer, J.L. (2020) A new insular species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) group from Cambodia with a discussion of habitat preference and ecomorphology. Zootaxa, 4830 (1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.3
  9. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Anuar, S., Riyanto, A., Ahmad, N., Muin, M. A., Sumontha, M., Grismer, JL, Onn, C.K., Quah, E.S.H. & Pauwels, O.S. (2014) Systematics and natural history of Southeast Asian Rock Geckos (genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) with descriptions of eight new species from Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3880 (1), 1–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3880.1.1
  10. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Poyarkov, N.A., Le, M.D., Kraus, F., Agarwal, I., Oliver, P.M., Nguyen, S.N., Nguyen, T.Q., Karunarathna, S., Welton, L.J., Stuart, B.L., Luu, V.Q., Bauer, A., O’Connell, K.A., Quah, E.S.H., Chan, K.O., Ziegler, T., Ngo, H.T., Nazarov, R.A., Aowphol, A., Chomdej, S., Suwannapoom, C., Siler, C.D., Anuar, S., Ngo, V.T. & Grismer, J.L. (2021a) Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. Vertebrate Zoology, 71, 101–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e59307
  11. Grismer, L.L., Geissler, P., Neang, T., Hartmann, T., Wagner, P. & Poyarkov, N.A. (2021b) Molecular phylogenetics, PCA, and MFA recover a new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from an isolated sandstone massif in northwestern Cambodia. Zootaxa, 4949 (2), 261–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4949.2.3
  12. Grismer, L.L. & Smith, J. (2023) Additions to the herpetofauna of Hon Son Island, Rach Gia Bay, Kien Giang Province, southern Vietnam with a discussion of syntropy between the granite cave-adapted Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus eisenmanae and a new Cyrtodactylus of uncertain taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 5346 (3), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.3.4
  13. Grismer, L.L., Onn, C.K., Oaks, J.R., Neang. T., Sokun, L., Murdoch, M.L., Stuart, B.L. & Grismer, J.L. (2023) A new insular species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) group from Cambodia with a discussion of habitat preference and ecomorphology. Zootaxa, 4830 (1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.3
  14. Ivanova, N.V., Zemlak, T.S., Hanner, R.H. & Hebert, P.D. (2007) Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (4), 544–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x
  15. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K., Von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature methods, 14 (6), 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  16. Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology, 42, 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182
  17. Hoang, D.T., Chernomor, O., Haeseler, V.A., Minh, B.Q. & Vinh, L.S. (2018) UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
  18. IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2nd Edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge, iv + 32 pp.
  19. Lleonart, J., Salat, J. & Torres, G.J. (2000) Removing allometric effects of body size in morphological analysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 205 (1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2000.2043
  20. Macey, J.R., Larson, A., Ananjeva, N.B., Fang, Z. & Papenfuss, T.J. (1997) Two novel gene orders and the role of light-strand replication in rearrangement of the vertebrate mitochondrial genome. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025706
  21. Minh, Q., Nguyen, M.A.T. & Haeseler, C.A. (2013) Ultrafast approximation for phylogenetic bootstrap. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 1188–1195. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst024
  22. Murdoch, M.L., Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Neang, T., Poyarkov, N.A., Ngo, V.T., Nazarov, R.A., Aowphol, A., Pauwels, O.S.G., Nguyen, H.N. & Grismer, J.L. (2019) Six new species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Cardamom Mountains and associated highlands of Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4554 (1), 1–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.1
  23. Ngo, V.T. (2008) Two new cave-dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1909 (1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1909.1.4
  24. Ngo, V.T., Grismer, L.L. & Grismer, J.L. (2008) A new endemic cave dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1967 (1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1967.1.3
  25. Ngo, V.T., Grismer, L.L. & Grismer, J.L. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Phu Quoc National Park, Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2604 (1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2604.1.3
  26. Ngo, H.T., Do, Q.H., Pham, C.T., Luu, V.Q., Grismer, L., Ziegler, T., Nguyen, V.T.H., Nguyen, T.Q. & Le, M.D. (2022) How many more species are out there? Current taxonomy substantially underestimates the diversity of bent-toed geckos (Gekkonidae, Cyrtodactylus) in Laos and Vietnam. ZooKeys, 1097, 135–152. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1097.78127
  27. Nguyen, S.N., Le, N.T.T., Tran, D.T.A., Orlov, N.L., Lathrop, A., Macculloch, R.D., Le, D.T.T., Jin, J.-Q., Nguyen, L.T., Nguyen, T.T., Hoang, D.D., Che, J., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y.-P. (2013) Phylogeny of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis species complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Viet Nam with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3737 (4), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.4
  28. Nguyen, S.N., Yang, J.-X., Le, T.-N.T., Nguyen, L.T., Orlov, N.L., Hoang, C.V., Nguyen, T.Q., Jin, J.-Q., Rao, D.-Q., Hoang, T.N., Che, J., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y.-P. (2014) DNA barcoding of Vietnamese bent-toed geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) and the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3784 (1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.2
  29. Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., Haeseler, V.A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  30. Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest. Version 2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala. [program]
  31. Poyarkov Jr., N.A., Geissler, P., Gorin, V.A., Dunayev, E.A., Hartmann, T. & Suwannapoom, C. (2019) Counting stripes: revision of the Lipinia vittigera complex (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincidae) with description of two new species from Indochina. Zoological Research, 40 (5), 358. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.052
  32. Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin., P., O’Hara, R.B., Simpson, G., Solymos, P. & Stevens, M. (2020) Vegan community ecology package version 2.5-7 November 2020. R Project for Statistical Computing: Vienna. [program]
  33. Onn, C. & Grismer, L. (2021) Correcting for Body Size Variation in Morphometric Analysis. bioRxiv, 2021-05. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.17.444580
  34. Reist, J.D. (1986) An empirical evaluation of coefficients used in residual and allometric adjustment of size covariation. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64 (6), 1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.1139/z86-203
  35. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P.V.D., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61 (3), 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  36. Smith, M.A. (1917) Descriptions of new reptiles and a new batrachian from Siam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2 (4), 221–225.
  37. Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38 (7), 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  38. Taylor, E.H. (1963) The Lizards of Thailand. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 44, 687–1077.
  39. Thorpe, R.S. (1975) Quantitative handling of characters useful in snake systematics with particular reference to interspecific variation in the Ringed Snake Natrix natrix (L.). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 7, 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1975.tb00732.x
  40. Thorpe, R.S. (1983) A review of the numerical methods for recognising and analysing racial differentiation. In: Numerical taxonomy. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 404–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69024-2_43
  41. Turan, C. (1999) A note on the examination of morphometric differentiation among fish populations: The Truss System. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23, 259–263.
  42. Tran, T.G., Lam, N.Q., Smith, J. & Nguyen, V.D.H. (2024) The First Insular Record of Oligodon cinereus Günther 1864 from Hon Son Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. Reptiles & Amphibians. 31: e21485 (proof in preprint) https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.21485
  43. Tran, T.T., Do, Q.H., Pham, C.T., Phan, T.Q., Ngo, H.T., Le, M.D., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2024) A new species of the Cyrtodactylus chauquangensis species group (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Lao Cai Province, Vietnam. ZooKeys, 1192, 83–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1192.117135
  44. Trifinopoulos, J., Nguyen, L.T., Haeseler, V.A. & Minh, B.Q. (2016) W-IQTREE: A fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 44, W232–W235. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw256
  45. Uetz, P., Freed, P., Aguilar, R., Reyes, F., Kudera, J. & Hošek, J. (Eds.) (2024) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www. reptile-database.org (accessed 6 September 2024)
  46. Wickham, H. (2016) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York. Available from: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org (accessed 29 January 2024) [ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4]
  47. Yuan, L.M., Deng, X.L., Jiang, D.C., Klaus, S., Orlov, N.L., Yang, K. & Li, J.T. (2021) Geographical range evolution of the genus Polypedates (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Oligocene to present. Zoological Research, 42 (1), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.246