Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2008-11-05
Page range: 37–54
Abstract views: 75
PDF downloaded: 4

Morphology of the eggs and larvae of Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini) and a note on the relationship with its symbiotic fungus

Centro de Estudos dos Insetos Sociais, IB-UNESP, av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506900, São Paulo, Brazil UPA. Laboratório de Mirmecologia, convênio UESC/CEPLAC, km 26 rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45600-000 Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil Laboratório de Biossistemática Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Juvino Oliveira, BR 415, Km 03, s/nº, 45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
Centro de Estudos dos Insetos Sociais, IB-UNESP, av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506900, São Paulo, Brazil
UPA. Laboratório de Mirmecologia, convênio UESC/CEPLAC, km 26 rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45600-000 Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
UPA. Laboratório de Mirmecologia, convênio UESC/CEPLAC, km 26 rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45600-000 Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil Laboratório de Biossistemática Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Juvino Oliveira, BR 415, Km 03, s/nº, 45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil UMR5202 MNHN-CNRS CP50 Entomologie, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
Hymenoptera Formicidae Myrmicinae Attini Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery immature stages morphology symbiotic fungus

Abstract

The morphology of the eggs and larvae of the ant Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery is here described and discussed for the first time. Some morphological characteristics of the symbiotic fungus that covers the eggs, larvae, and pupae are also examined.

References

  1. Adams, R.M.M., Mueller, U.G., Schultz, T.R. & Norden, B. (2000) Agro-predation: usurpation of Attine fungus gardens by Megalomyrmex ants. Naturwissenschaften, 87, 549–554.

    Baratte, S., Cobb, M., Deutsch, J. & Peeters, C. (2005) Morphological variations in the pre-imaginal development of the ponerine ant Diacamma ceylonense. Acta Zoologica, 86, 25–31.

    Bolton, B. (1995) A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History, 29, 1037–1056.

    Bolton, B., Alpert, G., Ward, P. S., & Naskrecki, P. (2006). Bolton's Catalogue of Ants of the World, 17582005. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, USA.

    Bodenheimer, F.S. (1933) The Progression Factor in Insect Growth. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 8, 92–95.

    Brandão, C.R.F. & Mayhé-Nunes, A.J. (2001) A new fungus-growing ant genus, Mycetagroicus gen. nov. with the description of three new species and comments on the monophyly of the Attini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 38, 639–665.

    Brown, W.L. (2000) Diversity of ants. In: Agosti, D., Majer, J.D., Alonso, L.E. & Schultz, T.R. (Eds.), Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, pp. 45–79.

    Carayon, J. (1969) Emploi de noir chlorazol en anatomie microscopique des insectes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 5, 179–193.

    Fernandez, F. (2003) Capítulo 28: Lista de las especies de hormigas de la región Neotropical. In: Fernández, F. (ed.), Introducción a las Hormigas de la Región Neotropical. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Press, Bogotá, Colombia, pp. 379–411.

    Fowler, H.G.V., Pereira da Silva, L.C. & Saes, N.B. (1986) Population dynamics of leaf-cutting ants: a brief review. In: Lofgren, C.S. & Vander Meer, R.K. (Eds.), Fire ants and leaf-cutting ants: biology and management. Westview Press, Boulder, pp. 123–145.

    Fox, E.G.P., Solis, D.R., Jesus, C.M., Bueno, O.C., Yabuki, A.T. & Rossi, M.L. (2007) On the immature stages of the crazy ant Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille 1802) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 1503, 1–11.

    Hölldobler, B. & Wilson, E.O. (1990) The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 732 pp.

    Kempf, W.W. (1964) A revision of the Neotropical fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex Mayr. Part 1: Group of strigatus Mayr (Hym., Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 7, 1–44.

    Kempf, W.W. (1966) (“1965”) A revision of the Neotropical fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex Mayr. Part II: group of rimosus (Spinola) (Hym., Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 8, 161–200.

    Kempf, W.W. (1972) Catalogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomológica, 15, 3–344.

    Kusnezov, N. (1949) El gênero Cyphomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em la Argentina. Acta Zoologica. Lilloana, 7, 427–456.

    LaPolla, J.S., Mueller, U.G., Seid, M. & Cover, S.P. (2002) Predation by the army ant Neivamyrmex rugulosus on the fungus-growing ant Trachymyrmex arizonensis. Insectes Sociaux, 49, 251–256.

    Longino, J.T. (2007). The genus Cyphomyrmex in Costa Rica. Available from http://www.evergreen.edu/ants/genera/Cyphomyrmex/specieslist.html (Accessed on 19/09/2007).

    Masuko, K. (1990) The instars of the ant Amblyopone silvestrii. Sociobiology, 17, 221–244.

    Mayhé-Nunes, A.J. (1995) Filogenia de los Attini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); un aporte al conocimiento de las hormigas fungívoras, Ph.D. thesis Universidade Simon Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela, 274pp.

    Mayhé-Nunes, A.J. & Brandão, C.R.F. (2002) Revisionary studies on the attine ant genus Trachymyrmex Forel. Part 1: Definition of the genus and the opulentus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 40, 667–697.

    Mueller, U.G., Schultz, T.R., Currie, C.R., Adams C.R. & Malloch, D. (2001) The origin of the attine ant-fungus mutualism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 76, 169–197.

    Mueller, U.G., Gerardo, N., Aanen. D.K., Six, D.L., Schultz, T.R. (2005) The evolution of agriculture in insects. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 36, 563–595.

    Murakami, T. & Higashi, S. (1997) Social organization in two primitive attine ants, Cyphomyrmex rimosus and Myrmicocrypta ednaella, with reference to their fungus substrates and food sources. Journal of Ethology, 15, 17–25.

    O’Neal, J. & Markin, G.P. (1975) Brood development of the various castes of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 48, 152–159.

    Parra, J.R.P. & Haddad, G.M.L. (1989) Determinação do número de instares de insetos. Piracicaba, Fundação de Estudos. Agrários Luiz de Queiroz, 49 p.

    Petralia, R.S. & Vinson, S.B. (1979) Developmental morphology of larvae and eggs of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 72, 472–484.

    Price, S.L., Murakami, T., Mueller, U.G., Schultz, T.R. & Currie, C.R. (2003) Recent findings in fungus-growing ants: evolution, ecology, and behavior of a complex microbial symbiosis. In: Kikuchi, T.; Azuma, N. & Higashi, S. (Eds.), Genes, Behaviors and Evolution of Social Insects. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, pp. 255–280.

    Ramos, L. S., Bueno, O.C. Delabie, J.H.C. Ramos, L.S. De & Lacau, S (2003) Dinâmica do forrageamento em condições naturais em Cyphomyrmex transversus Spinola, 1851 (Myrmicinae: Attini). In: Lopes, B.C. & Tarazi, R. (Eds.), Anais do XVI Simpósio de Mirmecologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, pp. 281–284.

    Schultz, T.R. (1998) Phylogeny of the fungus-growing ants (Myrmicinae: Attini): Evidence from DNA sequences (nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I) and morphology. In: Schwarz, M.P. & Hogendoorn, K. (Eds.), Social Insects at the Turn of the Millenium. Proceeding of the 13th International Congress IUSSI, Flinders University Press, Adelaide, Australia, p. 429.

    Schultz, T.R. (2000) The origin and evolution of fungus-growing: clues from the phylogeny of the fungus-growing ants. In: Abstracts of the International Congress of Entomology., Vol. 2, (Foz do Iguassu, Brazil). Londrina, Brasil: Embrapa Soja, p. 865.

    Schultz, T.R. & Meier, R. (1995) A phylogenetic analysis of the fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini) based on morphological characters of the larvae. Systematic Entomology, 20, 337–370.

    Schultz, T.R., Solomon, S., A., Mueller, U.G., Villesen, P., Boomsma, J.J., Adams, R.M.M. & Norden, B. (2002) Cryptic speciation in the fungus-growing ants Cyphomyrmex longiscapus Weber and Cyphomyrmex muelleri Schultz & Solomon, new species (Formicidae, Attini). Insectes Sociaux, 49, 331–343.

    Snelling, R. & Longino, J. (1992) Revisionary notes on the fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex, rimosus group. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini). In: Quintero, D. & A. Aiello (Eds.), Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: selected studies. Oxford University Press, pp. 479–494.

    Swartz, M.B. (1998) Predation on an Atta cephalotes colony by an army ant, Nomamyrmex esenbeckii. Biotropica, 30, 682–684.

    Torre-Grossa, J.P., Febvay, G. & Kermarrec, A. (1982) Larval instars of the worker caste in the attine ant, Acromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Colemania, 1, 141–147.

    Villensen, P., Murakami, T., Schultz, T.R. & Boomsma, J.J. (2002) Identifying the transition between single and multiple mating of queens in fungus-growing ants. Proceeding of the Royal Society (London) B, 269, 1541–1548.

    Villensen, P., Mueller, U.G., Schultz, T.R., Adams, R.M.M., & Bouck, A.C. (2004) Evolution of ant-cultivar specialization and cultivar switching in Apterostigma fungus-growing ants. Evolution, 58, 2252–2265.

    Weber, N.A. (1956) Treatment of substrate by fungus-growing ants. Anatomical Record, 125, 604–605.

    Weber, N.A. (1972) Gardening ants: The attines. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, 92, 1–146.

    Wheeler, W.M. (1907) The fungus-growing ants of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 669–807.

    Wheeler, G.C. (1949) The larvae of the fungus-growing ants. The American Midland Naturalist, 40, 664–689.

    Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1974) Ant larvae of the Myrmicine tribe Attini: second supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 76, 76–81.

    Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1976) Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 7, 1–108.

    Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1983) Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Myrmicinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 108, 601–610.

    Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1986) Ten-year supplement to "Ant larvae: review and synthesis". Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 684–702.

    Zara, F.G. & Caetano, F.H. (2001) Number of larval instars of the ant Pachycondyla (=Neoponera) villosa (Formicidae: Ponerinae) determined by the rule of Dyar. Sociobiology, 37, 679–686.