Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2025-03-26
Page range: 82-98
Abstract views: 281
PDF downloaded: 15

A new species of an unusual polychaete genus Ctenophoricola (Phyllodocida, Phyllodocidae, Alciopini) from the Indian Ocean

Red Sea Research Centre; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal; 23955-6900; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences; 36 Nahimovskiy Avenue; 117997 Moscow; Russia
N.A. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie Gory; building 12; 119234 Moscow; Russia
N.A. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie Gory; building 12; 119234 Moscow; Russia
N.A. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie Gory; building 12; 119234 Moscow; Russia
Annelida holopelagic Annelida Ctenophoricola tzetlini Indian Ocean Maldives

Abstract

A new species belonging to an unusual polychaete genus Ctenophoricola is described as Ctenophoricola tzetlini sp. nov.. The new species differs from the two valid species of the genus in body proportions and in having: external eyes with well-developed cornea resembling those in free-living Alciopini, acicular chaetae in the anterior body region, a large pygidium with long anal cirri, and distinct bundles of cilia scattered over the posterior body region. The new species’ similarity to an undescribed Ctenophoricola sp. from the Gulf of California is discussed. We hypothesize that the genus Ctenophoricola consists of two lineages, one strongly specialized as ectoparasites and the sister group closer to free-living Alciopini.

 

References

  1. Aguado, M.T., Nygren, A. & Rouse, G.W. (2013) Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida), are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes. Cladistics, 29 (6), 610–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12011
  2. Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215 (3), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
  3. Audouin, J.V. & Milne Edwards, H. (1833) [Part 5.] Classification des Annélides et description de celles qui habitent les côtes de la France. Annales des sciences naturelles, 1 (30), 411–425. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5978926]
  4. Claparède, É. (1870) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplément. Mémoires de la Société de physique et d’histoire naturelle de Genève, 20 (2), 365–542. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2142
  5. Claparède, É. & Panceri, P. (1867) Nota sopra un alciopide parassito della Cydippe densa Forsk. Memorie della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Milano, 3 (4), 1–9. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48497251]
  6. Claus, C. & Moquin-Tandon, G. (1884) Traité de zoologie. 2nd Edition. Librairie F. Savy, Paris, 565 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.21544
  7. Dales, R.P. (1963) Pelagic polychaetes from waters off the coasts of Kenya and Tanganyika. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 6 (68), 501–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308651387
  8. Day, J.H. (1967) Polychaeta of Southern Africa, Part 1. Errantia. British Museum of the Natural History, London, 458 pp.
  9. Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acid Research, 32 (5), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  10. Ehlers, E.H. (1864) Die Borstenwürmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen dargestellt. Vol. 1. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 268 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2081
  11. Eklöf, J. (2010) Taxonomy and phylogeny of polychaetes. Zoologiska institutionen, Göteborg, 33 pp.
  12. Fauchald, K. (1970) Polychaetous annelids of the families Eunicidae, Lumbrineridae, Iphitimidae, Arabellidae, Lysaretidae and Dorvilleidae from western Mexico. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 5, 118–119. [https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/3457]
  13. Fauchald, K. (1977) The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. Available from: https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/3435/PinkBook-plain.pdf (accessed 24 February 2025)
  14. Fernández-Álamo, M.A. (2021) Alciopidae Ehlers, 1864. Anélidos Marinos de México y América Tropical. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, pp. 61–72.
  15. Feigenbaum, D. (1979) Predation on chaetognaths by typhloscolecid polychaetes: one explanation for headless specimens. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59 (3), 631–633. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400045641
  16. Gaston, G.R & Benner, D.A. (1981) On Dorvilleidae and Iphitimidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) with a redescription of Eteonopsis geryonicola and a new host record. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (1), 76–87. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34607927]
  17. Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguna, J., Riutort, M. & Ribera, C. (1996) First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada+Arthropoda clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13, 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025573
  18. González-Peña, D., Gómez-Blanco, D., Reboiro-Jato, M., Fernández-Riverola, F. & Posada, D. (2010) ALTER: program-oriented format conversion of DNA and protein alignments. Nucleic Acids Research, 38 (Supplement 2), W14–W18. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq321
  19. Granata, L. (1911) Osservazioni su alcuni stadi di sviluppo di Corynocephalus albomaculatus Lev. (Alciopina parasitica Clpde. e Panc.). Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 22, 151–158. [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10071867]
  20. Greeff, R. (1879) Ueber pelagische Anneliden von der Küste der canarischen Inseln. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 237–283.
  21. Halanych, K.M., Cox, L.N. & Struck, T.H. (2007) A brief review of holopelagic annelids. Integrative and comparative biology, 47 (6), 872–879. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icm086
  22. Hartmann-Schröder, G. (1971) Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta. In: Dahl, F., Dahl, M. & Peus, F. (Ed.), Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Maermalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise. Vol. 58. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp. 1–594.
  23. Hernández-Alcántara, P. & Solís-Weiss, V. (1998) Parasitism among polychaetes: a rare case illustrated by a new species: Labrorostratus zaragozensis, n. sp. (Oenonidae) found in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The Journal of Parasitology, 1998, 978–982. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284631
  24. Jumars, P.A., Dorgan, K.M. & Lindsay, S.M. (2015) Diet of worms emended: an update of polychaete feeding guilds. Annual review of marine science, 7(1), 497–520 + A345–A346 (Appendix A: Family-by-Family Updates). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-020007
  25. Kinberg, J.G.H. (1856) Nya slägten och arter af Annelider, Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhhandlingar Stockholm, 12 (9–10), 381–388. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15970133]
  26. Kolbasova, G., Syomin, V., Mishin, A., Molodtsova, T., Neretin, N. & Neretina, T. (2023) Holopelagic Annelida from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and adjacent South Atlantic with descriptions of three new species. Marine Biodiversity, 53 (6), 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-023-01380-x
  27. Kozlov, A.M., Darriba, D., Flouri, T., Morel, B. & Stamatakis, A. (2018) RAxML-NG: A fast, scalable, and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. BioRxiv. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1101/447110
  28. Levinsen, G.M.R. (1885) Spolia atlantica. Om nogle pelagiske Annulata. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter. Naturvidenskabelig og mathematisk afdeling, Series 6, 3 (2), 321–44.
  29. Malmgren, A.J. (1865) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. [part one of three]. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm, 22 (1), 51-110. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32339323]
  30. Martin, D. & Britayev, T. (1998) Symbiotic polychaetes: review of known species. Oceanography and Marine Biology, 36, 217–340.
  31. Martin, D. & Britayev, T.A. (2018) Symbiotic polychaetes revisited: an update of the known species and relationships (1998–2017). Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 56, 371–448. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429454455-6
  32. Mayberry, J.R. (2014) Through the eyes of bat flies: Behavioral, phylogenetic, and histological analyses of compound eye reduction in bat flies (streblidae) provide evidence for positive selection. PhD Thesis, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. Available from: https://libproxy.kaust.edu.sa/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/through-eyes-bat-flies-behavioral-phylogenetic/docview/1700410764/se-2 (accessed 24 February 2025)
  33. McIntosh, W.C. [as M’Intosh] (1885) Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76, Zoology, 12 (34), i–xxxvi + 1–509.
  34. Miura, T. & Laubier, L. (1990) Nautiliniellid polychaetes collected from the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay with descriptions of new genera and species. Zoological Science, 7, 319–325. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/71667]
  35. OBIS (2024) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Available from: https://obis.org (accessed 3 March 2025)
  36. Öresland, V. & Pleijel, F. (1991) An ectoparasitic typhloscolecid polychaete on the chaetognath Eukrohnia hamata from the Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Biology, 108, 429–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313652
  37. Øresland, V. & Bray, R.A. (2005) Parasites and headless chaetognaths in the Indian Ocean. Marine Biology, 147, 725–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-1618-5
  38. Örsted, A.S. (1843) Annulatorum danicorum conspectus. Fasc. 1. Quæstio ab universitate Hafniensi ad solvendum proposita et proemio ornata). Sumtibus Librariæ Wahlianæ, Hafniæ, 52 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11849
  39. Osborn, K.J., Rouse, G.W., Goffredi, S.K. & Robison, B.H. (2007) Description and relationships of Chaetopterus pugaporcinus, an unusual pelagic polychaete (Annelida, Chaetopteridae). Biological Bulletin, 212 (1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/25066579
  40. Peter, G. (1972) On two new species of pelagic polychaetes from the Indian Ocean. Records of the zoological Survey of India, 67 (1–4), 379–384. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v67/i1-4/1972/161486
  41. Peter, G. (1974) Distribution of pelagic Polychaetes in the North-West Australian Sea during winter. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 3, 180–182.
  42. Peter, G. (1977) Distribution of three species of pelagic polychaetes in the India Ocean. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton, Goa, India, 14–19 October 1976, 87–92.
  43. Poulin, R. & Randhawa, H.S. (2015) Evolution of parasitism along convergent lines: from ecology to genomics. Parasitology, 142 (Supplement S1: The Evolution of Parasite Genomes and the Origins of Parasitism), S6–S15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182013001674
  44. Rakusa-Suszczewski, S. (1968) Predation of chaetognatha by Tomopteris helgolandica Greff. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 32 (2), 226–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/32.2.226
  45. Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree. Tree figure drawing tool. Version 1.4.4. Available from: https://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 24 March 2025)
  46. Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Tracer. Version 1.6. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/ (accessed 24 February 2025)
  47. Ronquist, F., Huelsenbeck, J. & Teslenko, M. (2012) Draft MrBayes Version 3.2 Manual: tutorials and model summaries. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11524383/ (accessed 3 March 2025)
  48. Rouse, G.W. & Pleijel, F. (2001) Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 353 pp.
  49. Saint-Joseph, Arthur d’Anthoine de. (1894) Les Annélides polychètes des côtes de Dinard. Troisième Partie. Annales des sciences naturelles, 7 (17), 96. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35662416]
  50. Rozbaczylo, N., Moreno, R.A., Díaz-Díaz, O. & Vásquez-Yáñez, P. (2020) Poliquetos holoplanctónicos en Chile. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, 59 (01), 140–190.
  51. San Martín, G., Álvarez-Campos, P., Kondo, Y., Núñez, J., Fernández-Álamo, M. A., Pleijel, F., Goetz, F.E., Nygren, A. & Osborn, K. (2021 (online 2020)) New symbiotic association in marine annelids: ectoparasites of comb jellies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 191(3), 672–694. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa034
  52. Støp-Bowitz, C. (1948) Polychaeta from the Michael Sars north Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910. “Michael Sars” North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, 5 (8), 1–91.
  53. Støp-Bowitz, C. (1992) Polychètes pélagiques des campagnes de” l’Ombango” dans les eaux équatoriales et tropicales ouest-africaines. Editions ORSTOM, Paris, 118 pp.
  54. Sumner-Rooney, L. (2018) The kingdom of the blind: disentangling fundamental drivers in the evolution of eye loss. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 58 (3), 372–385. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy047
  55. Struck, T.H., Schult, N., Kusen, T., Hickman, E., Bleidorn, C., McHugh, D. & Halanych, K.M. (2007) Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC evolutionary Biology, 7, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-57
  56. Struck, T.H. & Halanych, K.M. (2010) Origins of holopelagic Typhloscolecidae and Lopadorhynchidae within Phyllodocidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00418.x
  57. Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  58. Treadwell, A.L. (1906) Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23 (3), 1145–1181.
  59. Ushakov, P.V. (1972) Polychaetes of the suborder Phyllodociformia of the Polar Basin and the northwestern part of the Pacific: families Phyllodocidae, Alciopidae, Tomopteridae, Typhloscolecidae and Lacydoniidae. Nauka, Leningrad, 138 pp. [in Russian]

How to Cite

Syomin, V., Kolbasova, G., Semenova, M. & Neretina, T. (2025) A new species of an unusual polychaete genus Ctenophoricola (Phyllodocida, Phyllodocidae, Alciopini) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 5613 (1), 82–98. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.1.3