Abstract
A new species of microhylid frog of the genus Chiasmocleis from the Amazonian rainforest of northern Brazil, in the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by the combination of: large size for the genus; robust body; finger I well developed; toe I developed; toes of males extensively webbed, of females basally webbed; toes fringed; dermal spines on the anterior portion of chin in males. An osteological description and brief notes on natural history are also given. Tadpole and advertisement call are unknown. The species was found in several herpetological collections misidentified as Chiasmocleis bassleri, C. shudikarensis or C. ventrimaculata, and a comparison with those species and comments on the taxonomy of the genus are provided.References
Andersson, L.G. (1945) Batrachians from East Ecuador. Arkiv för Zoologi, 37, 1–88.
Bernarde, P.S. (2007) Ambientes e temporada de vocalização da anurofauna no Município de Espigão do Oeste, Rondônia, Sudoeste da Amazônia - Brasil (Amphibia: Anura). Biota Neotropica, 7, 87–92.
Carvalho, A.L. (1954) A preliminary synopsis of the genera of American microhylid frogs. Occasinal Papers of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, 555, 1–21.
Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. (1997) Redescription of Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger) and description of a new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae). Herpetologica, 53, 259–268.
Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. (2001) A new species of Chiasmocleis from Brazilian Amazônia (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, N.S. Zoologia, 469, 1–8.
Cruz, C.A.G., Caramaschi, U. & Izecksohn, E. (1997) The genus Chiasmocleis Méhely, 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil, with description of three new species. Alytes, 15, 49–71.
Cruz, C.A.G., Caramaschi, U. & Freire, E.M.X. (1999) Occurrence of the genus Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) in the State of Alagoas, north-eastern Brazil, with description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 249, 123–126.
Cruz, C.A.G., Caramaschi, U. & Napoli, M.F. (2007) A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of northeastern Bahia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 2, 47–52.
Duellman, W.E. (1978) The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications, 65, 1–352.
Dunn, E.R. (1949) Notes on South American frogs of the family Microhylidae. American Museum Novitates, 1419, 1–21.
Frost, D.R. (2008) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 5.2, American Museum of Natural
History, New York, USA. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. (20 September, 2008)
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Saì, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1–370.
Lima, A.P., Magnusson, W.E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L.K., Rodrigues, D.J., Keller, C. & Hödl, W. (2006) Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. Áttema Design Editorial, Manaus, 168 pp.
Manzano, A., Moro, S. & Abdala, V. (2003) The depressor mandibulae muscle in Anura. Alytes, 20, 93–131.
Moravec, J. & Köhler, J. (2007) A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development. Zootaxa, 1605, 59–67.
Nelson, C.E. (1972) Distribution and biology of Chiasmocleis panamensis (Amphibia, Microhylidae). Copeia, 1972, 895–898.
Nelson, C.E. (1973) Mating calls of the Microhylinae: descriptions and phylogenetic and ecological considerations. Herpetologica, 29, 163–176.
Parker, H.W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, 8, London, 208 pp.
Rodriguez, L.O. & Duellman, W.E. (1994) Guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Peru. Asociación de Ecologia y Conservación, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research, and Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, 80 pp.
Schlüter, A. (2005) Amphibien an eimen Stillgewasser in Peru. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, Germany, 347 pp.
Taylor, W. & Van Dyke, G.C. (1985) Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bones and cartilage study. Cybium, 9,107–119.
Walker, C.F. & Duellman, W.E. (1974) Description of a new species of microhylid frog, Chiasmocleis, from Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Histoty, University of Kansas, 26, 1–6.