Abstract
Anepisternal allurement organs which apparently produce a sexual pheromonal scent probably originate early in the evolution of Psychodidae, as they are reported scattered in species of some genera. Nevertheless, in the genus Psychoda sensu lato, only one species is known to present these organs. In this work, three species of this genus having anepisternal allurement organs are described based on male characteristics. The morphology of the anepisternal allurement organs is constant and different for each species. The three new species are included in the subgenus Psychoda (Psychodocha) and additionally some terminalia characteristics that allows to differentiate from other already described species are presented.
References
- Borkent, A., Brown, B.V., Adler, P.H., Amorim, D.S., Barber, K., Bickel, D., Boucher, S., Brooks, S.E., Burger, J., Burington, Z.L., Capellari, R.S., Costa, D.N.R., Cumming, J.M., Curler, G., Dick, C.W., Epler, J.H., Fisher, E., Gaimari, S.D., Gelhaus, J., Grimaldi, D.A., Hash, J., Hauser, M., Hippa, H., Ibáñez-Bernal, S., Jaschhof, M., Kameneva, E.P., Kerr, P.H., Korneyev, V., Korytkowski†, C.A., Kung, G-A., Kvifte, G.M., Lonsdale, O., Marshall, S.A., Mathis, W.N., Michelsen, V., Naglis, S., Norrbom, A.l., Paiero, S., Pape, T., Pereiracolavite, A., Pollet, M., Rochefort, S., Rung, A., Runyon, J.B., Savage, J., Silva, V.C., Sinclair, B.J., Skevington, J.H., Stireman, J.O., Swann, J., Vilkamaa, P., Wheeler††, T., Whitworth, T., Wong, M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N., Yau, T. & Zavortink, T.J. (2018) Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa, 4402 (1), 53–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3
- Bravo, F., Cordeiro, D. & Chagas, C. (2006) Two new species and new records of Psychoda Latreille (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) from Brazil, with comments on supraspecific classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 1298 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1298.1.1
- Cordeiro, D.P. (2013) Filogenia de Psychoda sensu lato (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) e o uso de marcadores moleculares na associação de sexos e identificação de espécies no Brasil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de Concentração em Entomologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 169 pp.
- Cordeiro, D.P., Omad, G., Bravo, F. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2013) New records, and the description of a female, for Psychoda simillima (Diptera, Psychodidae) in southern South America. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 103 (2), 134–137. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212013000200008
- Curler, G.R. & Courtney, G.W. (2009) A revision of the world species of the genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Diptera: Psychodidae). Systematic Entomology, 34, 63–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00439.x
- Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. (2017) Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 89–133.
- Duckhouse, D.A. (1966) Psychodidae (Diptera Nematocera) of Southern Australia: subfamily Psychodinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 118, 153–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1966.tb00837.x
- Duckhouse, D.A. (1990) The Australasian genera of pericomoid Psychodidae (Díptera) and the status of related Enderlein genera in the Neotropics. Invertebrate taxonomy, 3 (6), 721–746. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9890721
- Enderlein, G. (1935) Zur Klassifikation der Psychodinen. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin, 1935, 246–249.
- Feuerborn, H.J. (1922) Der sexuelle Reizapparat (Schmuck-, Duft-und Berührungsorgane) der Psychodiden nach biologischen und physiologischen Gesichts-punkten untersucht. Archiv für Natugeschichte, Abteilung A, 4. Hef, 1–136.
- Haliday, A.H. (1839) n.k. In: British entomology: being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found: Vol. 16. Printed for the author, London, pl. 745.
- Haliday, A.H. (1856) Addenda and corrigenda. In: Walker, F. (Ed.), Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Vol. 3. L. Reeve, London. pp. xi–xxv, Errata pp. 342–346 (errata).
- Hoyt, C.P. (1950) On a peculiar morphological development in the Psychodidae (Insecta: Diptera). Microentomology, 15, 140–146.
- Ibáñez-Bernal, S. (2024) Claves actualizadas para la identificación morfológica de machos y hembras de las especies de Phlebotominae conocidas en México (Diptera: Psychodidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana, Nueva Serie, 40, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2024.4012693
- Ježek, J. (1984) Six new genera of the tribe Psychodini End. (Diptera, Psychodidae). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 17, 133–154.
- Kincaid, T. (1897) The Psychodidae of Washington. Entomological News, 8, 143–146.
- Kvifte, G.M. & Wagner, R. (2017a) Psychodidae (sand flies, moth flies or owl flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 607–632.
- Kvifte, G.M. & Wagner, R. (2017b) Review of Neurosystasis Satchell, with two new species from Cuba and a discussion of cerci and surstyli in Psychodinae (Diptera: Psychodidae). Zootaxa, 4306 (1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4306.1.4
- Latreille, P.A. (1797) Precis des caracteres generiques des insectes, disposes dans un ordre naturel. Prevot, Paris and Bordeaux, Brive, xiv + 201 + [7] pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58411
- Quate, L.W. (1954) A Revision of the Psychodidae of the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society, 15 (2), 335–356.
- Quate, L.W. (1955) A revision of the Psychodidae (Diptera) in America north of Mexico. University of California Publications in Entomology, 10 (3), 103–273.
- Quate, L.W. (1996) Preliminary taxonomy of Costa Rican Psychodidae (Diptera), exclusive of Phlebotominae. Revista de Biología Tropical, 44 (Supplement 1), 1–81.
- Rivera-García, K.D. & Ibáñez-Bernal, S. (2024) Species composition of two communities of Mexican crane flies (Diptera: Tipulomorpha: Tipuloidea) separated by a geographic barrier, with additional notes and new records. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 59 (3), 1065–1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2024.2322318
- Satchell, G.H. (1953) The Australian Psychodidae (Diptera), Part 1. Australian Journal of Zoology, 1, 357–418. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9530357
- Tonnoir, A.L. (1919) Contribution a l’etude des Psychodidae de Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 59 (1), 8–17.
- Wagner, R. & Ibáñez-Bernal, S. (2009) Psychodidae (sand flies, and moth flies or owl flies). In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 319–336.
- Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Vol. 3. L. Reeve, London, xxiv + 352 pp., pls. 21–30.