Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2009-01-12
Page range: 1–24
Abstract views: 133
PDF downloaded: 4

The Muscini flies of the world (Diptera, Muscidae): identification key and generic diagnoses

Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo-SP, 05508-900, Brazil
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, Curitiba, Brazil, 81531-980
Diptera Muscini taxonomy systematics identification key diagnosis

Abstract

Flies of the tribe Muscini (Diptera, Muscidae) are worldwide in distribution and are represented by some 350 species in 18 genera. The present study provides an identification key and diagnoses for all the genera of world Muscini: Biopyrellia Townsend, Curranosia Paterson, Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy, Deltotus Séguy, Hennigmyia Peris, Mesembrina Meigen, Mitroplatia Enderlein, Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, Musca Linnaeus, Myiophaea Enderlein, Neomyia Walker, Neorypellia Pont, Polietes Rondani, Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki, Pyrellia Robineau-Desvoidy, Pyrellina Malloch, Sarcopromusca Townsend, Ziminellia Nihei & de Carvalho. Most infrageneric taxa are also represented, namely, the subgenera of Dasyphora and Morellia. Comments on phylogeny support (whenever pertinent) and the major references containing revisions and regional identification keys to species are provided for each genus and subgenus.

References

  1. Albuquerque, D.O. (1952) Sôbre alguns gêneros metálicos de Phaoninae Neotropicais e descrição de uma Xenomorellia nova (Diptera, Muscidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional (Nova Série, Zoologia), 116, 1–21.

    Albuquerque, D.O. (1955) Fauna do Distrito Federal. VI. Sobre alguns Phaoninae pouco conhecidos (Dipt. Muscidae). Boletim do Museum Nacional (Nova Série, Zoologia), 130, 1–11.

    Albuquerque, D.O. (1956) Fauna do Distrito Federal. XIII. Sôbre o gênero Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911, com descrições de espécies novas (Diptera, Muscidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional (Nova Série, Zoologia), 139, 1–31.

    Albuquerque, D.O. & Lopes, S.M. (1979) Uma nova espécie de Parapyrellia Townsend, 1915 com notas sobre Muscinae neotrópicos (Diptera, Muscidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 39, 327–330.

    Awati, P.R. (1917) Studies in flies. III. Classification of the genus Musca and description of the Indian species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 5, 160–191.

    Bezzi, M. & Stein, P. (1907) Vol. 3. Cyclorrapha Aschiza. In: Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Kertész, K. & Stein, P. (Eds.), Cyclorrapha Schizophora: Schizometopa. Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren. Budapest, pp. 1–828.

    de Carvalho, C.J.B. (1989) Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladística. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6, 627–648.

    de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Couri, M.S. (2002) Part I. Basal groups. In: de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Ed.), Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: taxonomy. Editora Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, pp. 17–132.

    Couri, M.S. (2007) A key to the Afrotropical genera of Muscidae (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24, 175–184.

    Couri, M.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (1997) Revision of Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki (Diptera, Muscidae) and considerations on its new systematic position. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 14, 255–281.

    Couri, M.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2003) Systematic relations among Philornis Meinert, Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and allied genera (Diptera, Muscidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63, 223–232.

    Couri, M.S. & Pont, A.C. (1999) A key to the world genera of the Coenosiini (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae). Studia dipterologica, 6, 93–102.

    Couri, M.S., Pont, A.C. & Penny, N.D. (2006) Muscidae (Diptera) from Madagascar: identification keys, descriptions of new species, and new records. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 57, 799–923.

    Cuny, R. (1980) Revision of the genus Eudasyphora Townsend (Diptera: Muscidae), and reflections on its evolution. Canadian Entomologist, 112, 345–373.

    Curran, C.H. (1935) African Muscidae. III. American Museum Novitates, 788, 1–17.

    Emden, F.I. van (1939) 3. Muscidae: A. Muscinae and Stomoxydinae. In: Ruwenzori Expedition 1934-5. Vol. 2 (No. 3). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 49–89.

    Emden, F.I. van (1965) Diptera. Vol. 7. Muscidae, Part 1. In: Sewell, R.B.S. & Roonwal, M.L. (Eds), The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 647 pp.

    Enderlein, G. (1935) Dipterologica. III. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin, 1935, 235–246.

    Girschner, E. (1893) Beitrag zur Systematik der Musciden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 38, 297–312.

    Gregor, F., Rozkošný, R., Barták, M. & Vaňhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis (Biologia), 107, 1–280.

    Hennig, W. (1963a) 63b. Muscidae. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 7 (Lieferung 241), 865–912.

    Hennig, W. (1963b) 63b. Muscidae. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 7 (Lieferung 242), 913–960.

    Hennig, W. (1964a) 63b. Muscidae. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 7 (Lieferung 248), 961–1008.

    Hennig, W. (1964b) 63b. Muscidae. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 7 (Lieferung 249), 1009–1056.

    Hennig, W. (1965) Vorarbeiten zu einem phylogenetischen System der Muscidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 141, 1–100.

    Huckett, H.C. (1965) The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42, 1–370.

    Huckett, H.C. & Vockeroth, J.R. (1987) Muscidae. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood, D.M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Agriculture Canada Research Branch, Monograph 28, Ottawa, pp. 1115–1131.

    Kuchta, J.S. & Savage, J. (2008) Revision of the New World fauna of Mesembrina Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae) with the description of a new neotropical species. Zootaxa, 1689, 29–50.

    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 10. Vol. 1. Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp.

    Malloch, J.R. (1923) Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera). - XI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 12, 505–528.

    Malloch, J.R. (1924) Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera). - XV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 15, 131–142.

    Malloch, J.R. (1931) Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera). - XXXI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (10) 7, 185–200.

    McAlpine, J.F. (1981) Morphology and terminology – adults. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood, D.M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Agriculture Canada Research Branch, Monograph 27, Ottawa, pp. 9–63.

    Meigen, J.W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Fünfter Theil. Schultz, Hamm, 412 pp.

    Morrone, J.J. (2001) Biogeografía de América Latina y el Caribe. Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Manuales & Tesis SEA, Vol. 3, Zaragoza, 148 pp.

    Morrone, J.J. (2004) Panbiogeografía, componentes bióticos y zonas de transición. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 48, 149–162.

    Nihei, S.S. (2002) Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki (Diptera, Muscidae): description of the male of P. major Albuquerque and female of P. wulpi Couri & Carvalho. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 46, 529–533.

    Nihei, S.S. (2004) Review of the type material of three species of Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki (Diptera, Muscidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 48, 21–25.

    Nihei, S.S. (2005) A review of the Neotropical genus Sarcopromusca Townsend (Diptera: Muscidae) with a key to species and a redescription of S. sarcophagina (Wulp). Zootaxa, 1004, 51–64.

    Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2007a) Phylogeny and classification of Muscini (Diptera, Muscidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149, 493–532.

    Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2007b) Systematics and biogeography of Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki (Diptera: Muscidae): Neotropical areas relationships and Amazonia as composite area. Systematic Entomology, 32, 477–501.

    Pamplona, D.M. (1983) Sobre as espécies de Dasymorellia Malloch, 1923 (Diptera, Muscidae, Muscinae). Boletim do Museu Nacional (Nova Série, Zoologia), 305, 1–10.

    Pamplona, D.M. (1986) Revalidação de Biopyrellia Townsend, 1932 com redescrição de B. bipuncta (Wiedemann, 1830). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, 49–54.

    Pamplona, D.M. (1992) Revalidação de Sarcopromusca Townsend, 1927 com redescrição de S. pruna (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926) (Diptera, Muscidae, Muscinae) e chave para os gêneros próximos. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 7, 489–494.

    Pamplona, D.M. & Couri, M.S. (1995) Morellia dendropanacis, a new species, and other species with spotted wings: characterization and comparison (Diptera: Muscidae: Muscinae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 108, 451–457.

    Paterson, H.E. (1957) A new genus and two new species of Muscini from South Africa (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 20, 445–449.

    Patton, W.S. (1933) Studies on the Higher Diptera of medical and veterinary importance: A revision of the species of the genus Musca, based on a comparative study of the male terminalia. II. A practical guide to the Palaearctic species. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 27, 327–345, 397–430.

    Patton, W.S. (1936) Studies on the Higher Diptera of medical and veterinary importance: A revision of the species of the genus Musca, based on a comparative study of the male terminalia. III. A practical guide to the Ethiopian species. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 30, 469–490.

    Patton, W.S. (1937) Studies on the Higher Diptera of medical and veterinary importance: A revision of the species of the genus Musca, based on a comparative study of the male terminalia. IV. A practical guide to the Oriental species. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 31, 127–140, 195–213.

    Peris, S.V. (1961) Una nueva especie de Morellia de Camarones y synopsis de las especies etiópicas (Dipt. Muscidae). Eos, 37, 349–359.

    Peris, S.V. (1967) Los Muscini de la Guinea Española. Claves para la identificación y notas sobre las especies etiópicas (Diptera, Muscidae). Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección Biológica), 65, 21–64.

    Peris, S.V. & Llorente, V. (1963) Notas sobre Muscini paleárticos y revisión de las especies españolas (Diptera, Muscidae). Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección Biológica), 61, 209–269.

    Pont, A.C. (1967) Some Muscidae (Diptera) from the Philippine Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago. 1. The genus Myiophaea Enderlein. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 35, 105–124.

    Pont, A.C. (1972) 97. Family Muscidae. In: A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia (Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, 111 pp.

    Pont, A.C. (1973) Studies on Australian Muscidae (Diptera). IV. A revision of the subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae. Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series), 21, 129–296.

    Pont, A.C. (1977) Family Muscidae. In: Delfinado, M.D. & Hardy, D.E. (Eds.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. III, Suborder Cyclorrhapha (exluding Division Aschiza). The University Press, Honolulu, pp. 451–523.

    Pont, A.C. (1980) Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R.W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721–761.

    Pont, A.C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312–365.

    Pont, A.C. (1993) Observations on anthophilous Muscidae and other Diptera (Insecta) in Abisko National Park, Sweden. Journal of Natural History, 27, 631–643.

    Pont, A.C. & Baldock, K.C.R. (2007) Two new species of Muscidae (Diptera) from Kenya, associated with flowers of Acacia species (Fabaceae Mimosoideae) and Balanites species (Balanitaceae). Journal of East African Natural History, 96, 83–93.

    Pont, A.C., Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2005) On the genera Trichomorellia Stein and Cyacyrtoneura Townsend (Diptera, Muscidae). Neotropical Entomology, 34, 63–66.

    Proctor, M., Yeo, P. & Lack, A. (1996) The natural history of pollination. Timber Press, Portland, 479 pp.

    Ringdahl, O. (1929) Bestämningstabeller till svenska muscidsläkten. 1.avd. Muscinae. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 8–13.

    Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie des sciences de l’Institut de France, 2, 1–813.

    Rondani, C. (1866) Anthomyiidae italicae collectae distinctae et in ordinem dispositae. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 9, 68–217.

    Schiner, J.R. (1862) Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Theil 1. C. Gerold, Wien, 674 pp.

    Schuehli, G.S., de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2007) Molecular phylogenetics of the Muscidae (Diptera: Calyptratae): new ideas in a congruence context. Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 263–278.

    Schnabl, J. & Dziedzicki, H. (1911) Die Anthomyiden. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 95, 55–358.

    Séguy, E. (1935) Études sur les Anthomyiides. 9e, 10e et 11e notes. Encyclopédie Entomologique (B II) Diptères, 8, 97–116.

    Shinonaga, S. (2003) A monograph of the Muscidae of Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 347 pp.

    Shinonaga, S. & Thinh, T.H. (1999) Muscidae of Vietnam. 1. Muscinae. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 5, 273–289.

    Skidmore, P. (1985) The biology of the Muscidae of the world. Series Entomologica, 29, 1–550.

    Snyder, F.M. (1951) Some old and new species of Muscinae from the Ethiopian Region (Diptera, Muscidae). American Museum Novitates, 1533, 1–42.

    Stein, P. (1918) Zur weitern Kenntnis aussereuropäischer Anthomyiden. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 16, 147–244.

    Townsend, C.H.T. (1911) Review of work by Pantel and Portchinski on reproductive and early stage characters of muscoid flies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 13, 151–170.

    Townsend, C.H.T. (1915) Nine new tropical American genera of Muscoidea. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 3, 91–97.

    Townsend, C.H.T. (1927) Synopse dos gêneros muscoideos da região humida tropical da América, com gêneros e espécies novos. Revista do Museu Paulista, 15, 203–385.

    Townsend, C.H.T. (1932) Five new Brazilian oestromuscoid genera. Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro), 2, 105–107.

    Vockeroth, J.R. (1972) A review of the world genera of Mydaeinae, with a revision of the species of New Guinea and Oceania (Diptera: Muscidae). Pacific Insects Monographs, 29, 1–134.

    Walker, F. (1859) Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. [part] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 4, 97–144.

    Xue, W. & Chao, C. (Eds.) (1998) Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, 1365 pp.

    Zielke, E. (1971) Revision der Muscinae der äthiopischen Region. Series Entomologica, 7, 1–199.

    Zielke, E. (1972) New Muscidae species from Madagascar (Diptera). Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 82, 145–163.

    Zielke, E. (1973) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung afrikanischer Musciden (Muscidae; Diptera). Teil II: Canadian National Collection of Insects. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie, 59, 361–375.

    Zielke, E. (1974) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung afrikanischer Musciden (Muscidae: Diptera). Teil III: Sammlung der California Academy of Sciences. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie, 61, 1–44.

    Zimin, L.S. (1951) Family Muscidae (Tribes Muscini and Stomoxydini). Fauna USSR (n.s.), 45, 1–286.

    Zimin, L.S. & Elberg, K.Y. (1988) Family Muscidae. In: Bei-Bienko, G.Y. (Ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Volume 5: Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 2. Smithsonian Institution Libraries & National Science Foundation, Washington DC, pp. 839–974.