Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2026-04-08
Page range: 536-550
Abstract views: 84
PDF downloaded: 5

Cryphodera lithocarpus sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new species of cystoid nematode from roots and surrounding soil of Lithocarpus uvariifolius in Guangdong, China

Research Center for Plant Quarantine Nematodes; Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; People’s Republic of China
Research Center for Plant Quarantine Nematodes; Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; People’s Republic of China
Research Center for Plant Quarantine Nematodes; Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; People’s Republic of China
Research Center for Plant Quarantine Nematodes; Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; People’s Republic of China
Research Center for Plant Quarantine Nematodes; Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; People’s Republic of China
Nematoda Cryphodera morphology molecular phylogeny plant-parasitic nematode new species

Abstract

Cryphodera lithocarpus sp. nov., collected from roots and rhizospheric soil of Lithocarpus uvariifolius in Guangdong province, China. The new species was characterized by having the female nearly spherical, labial region offset, stylet length 38.9 (37.4–40.3) μm, vulval lips protruding, area between vulva and anus concave, vulva–anus distance 52.3 (31.1–62.7) μm; second stage juvenile with 2 lip annules, stylet length 30.7 (28.4–32.4) μm, lateral field areolated with 3 incisures, tail 60.5 (49.6–68.0) μm long, with narrow rounded terminus, hyaline region 31.7 (24.0–39.2) μm long and hyaline region approximately equal to stylet. The new species was close to C. guangdongensis, C. sinensis and C. japonicum. The phylogenetic trees based on the ITS-rRNA, 28S-rRNA D2-D3 region and the partial COI gene sequences showed that the new species clustered with Cryphodera species but with separate species status. A key to the species of the genus Cryphodera is also provided in this study.

 

References

  1. Bajaj, H.K., Walia, R.K., Dabur, K.R. & Bhatti, D.S. (1989) Cryphodera kalesari, a new heteroderid nematode species from Haryana, India. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016905
  2. Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17, 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
  3. Cobb, N.A. (1918) Estimating the nema population of soil, with special reference to the sugar-beet and root-gall nemas, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt and Heterodera radicicola (Greef) muller and with a description of Tylencholaimus aequalis n. sp. Agricultural Technology Circular, 1, 1–48.
  4. Colbran, R.C. (1966) Studies of plant and soil nematodes. 12. The eucalypt cystoid nematode Cryphodera eucalypt ng, n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a parasite of eucalyptus in Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 23, 41–47.
  5. De Ley, P., Felix, M., Frisse, L., Nadler, S., Sternberg, P. & Thomas, W.K. (1999) Molecular and morphological characterisation of two reproductively isolated species with mirror‑image anatomy (Nematoda: Cephalobidae). Nematology, 1, 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854199508559
  6. Ghaderi, R. (2019a) Systematics of cystoid nematodes. In: Ghaderi, R. (Ed.), Systematics of Cystoid Nematodes. Scholars’ Press, Mauritius, pp. 45–62.
  7. Ghaderi, R. (2019b) An outline on distribution and hosts of the cystoid nematodes of Ataloderinae Wouts, 1973 and Meloidoderinae Golden, 1971. Zootaxa, 4664 (3), 4663–4664. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.2
  8. Gu, J.F., Maria, M., Fang, Y.W., Wang, H.H. & Zhuo, K. (2020) A new cystoid nematode, Cryphodera japonicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), from the rhizosphere of Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus. Nematology, 22, 891–905. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003349
  9. Hooper, D.J., Hallmann, J. & Subbotin, S.A. (2005) Methods for extraction, processing and detection of plant and soil nematodes. In: Luc, M., Sikora, R.A. & Bridge, J. (Eds.), Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. CAB International publishing, Wallingford, pp. 53–86. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997278.0053
  10. Kang, H., Seo, J., Han, G., Kim, D. & Choi, I. (2019) Cryphodera gayae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), from root of Lagerstroemia indica in Korea. Journal of Nematology, 51, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-077
  11. Karssen, G. & Van Aelst, A. (1999) Description of Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a parasite of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore from Japan, including a key to the species of the genus Cryphodera Colbran, 1966. Nematology, 1, 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854199508081
  12. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
  13. Larget, B. & Simon, D.L. (1999) Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16, 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160
  14. Long, H., Qi, X.F., Xie, Y.G., Li, Y.N. & Li, F.R. (2017) Diagnosis of Cryphodera sp. intercepted on Juniperus chinensis from Thailand. Plant Quarantine, 31, 29–32.
  15. Nguyen, C.N., Sturhan, D. & Subbotin, S.A. (2011) Studies on the occurrence and diversity of Heteroderidae and Meloidogynidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) in natural forests of Vietnam. Russian Journal of Nematology, 19, 159–172.
  16. Ni, C.H., Chen, W.H., Zhang, R., Cai, H.H., Li, Q.Y., Xu, C.L. & Xie, H. (2025) Cryphodera guangdongensis n. sp., (Nematoda: heteroderidae), a new species of cystoid nematode from roots and surrounding soil of Schima superba in Guangdong, China. Journal of Helminthology, 99 (e85), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100412
  17. Ni, C.H., Li, Q.Y., Yang, Z.F., Xu, C.L. & Xie, H. (2025) Morphology and molecular analysis of Heterodera camelliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderinae), a new species of cyst‑forming nematode parasitizing tea plants in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 171, 407–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02956-4
  18. Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest. Version 2.3. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
  19. Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree. Version 1.4.2. A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 5 March 2026)
  20. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
  21. Seinhorst, J.W. (1959) A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica, 4, 67–69. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529259X00381
  22. Shao, Y.Q., Chen, X.Y., Wu, S.N., Zhang, S.H., Wu, Y.F., Li, Y.L., He, C.M., Luo, X.Y., Lin, J.Y. & Tang, G.D. (2017) Potential suitable area of the starch plant Lithocarpus uvariifolius in China. Subtropical Plant Science, 53, 297–307.
  23. Siddiqi, M.R. (2000) Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects. CAB International publishing, Wallingford, London, 785 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851992020.0000
  24. Sturhan, D. (2018) Diagnostic and phylogenetic significance of lateral field incisures, phasmids and other morphological characters of second‑stage juveniles and males of Heteroderidae (Nematoda, Tylenchida), with notes on hosts and phylogeography. Russian Journal of Nematology, 26, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.24411/0869-6918-2018-10001
  25. Subbotin, S.A. (2015) Heterodera sturhani sp. n. from China, a new species of the Heterodera avenae species complex (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Russian Journal of Nematology, 23, 145–152.
  26. Subbotin, S.A., Akanwari, J., Nguyen, C.N., Del Prado Vera, I.C., Chitambar, J.J., Inserra, R.N. & Chizhov, V.N. (2017) Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of cystoid nematodes of the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Nematology, 19, 1065–1081. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003107
  27. Subbotin, S.A., Mundo-Ocampo, M. & Baldwin, J.G. (2010) Systematics of cyst nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderinae). In: Hunt, D.J. & Perry, R.N. (Eds.), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8A. Brill, Leiden, pp. 7–41. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162259.i-352.7
  28. Tan, H.T., Xu, Y.F., Tian, J., Wu, S.X., Yu, X.L. & Cao, F.X. (2011) Newly recorded tropical plants of Southern Asia from Hunan Province. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 31, 82–85.
  29. Tanha Maafi, Z., Subbotin, S.A. & Moens, M. (2003) Molecular identification of cyst‑forming nematodes (Heteroderidae) from Iran and a phylogeny based on ITS‑rDNA sequences. Nematology, 5, 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854102765216731
  30. Vovlas, N., Trisciuzzi, N., Troccoli, A., De Luca, F., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C. & Castillo, P. (2013) Integrative diagnosis and parasitic habits of Cryphodera brinkmani a non‑cyst forming heteroderid nematode intercepted on Japanese white pine bonsai trees imported into Italy. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 135, 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0108-0
  31. Wang, K., Xie, H., Li, Y., Xu, C.L., Yu, L. & Wang, D.W. (2013) Paratylenchus shenzhenensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from the rhizosphere soil of Anthurium andraeanum in China. Zootaxa, 3750 (2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.2.4
  32. Wouts, W.M. (1973) A revision of the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea) II. The subfamily Meloidoderinae. Nematologica, 19, 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529273X00349
  33. Wouts, W.M. & Sher, S.A. (1971) The genera of the subfamily Heteroderinae (nematoda: Tylenchoidea) with a description of two new genera. Journal of Nematology, 3, 129.
  34. Xu, C.L., Zhao, C.B., Ding, S., Zhang, J.F. & Xie, H. (2016) A modified crude DNA preparation for direct PCR reaction of single plant‑parasitic nematodes. Nematology, 18, 625–628. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002975
  35. Zhou, W., Wu, B.C., Sun, C.F. & Liu, Q.X. (2016) Resources and exploitation of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) in China. Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 35, 60–62.
  36. Zhuo, K., Wang, H.H., Ye, W., Peng, D.L. & Liao, J.L. (2014) Cryphodera sinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a non‑cyst‑forming parasitic nematode from the root of ramie Boehmeria nivea in China. Journal of Helminthology, 88, 468–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X13000448

How to Cite

Ni, C.-H., Cheng, W.-H., Zhang, R., Xu, C.-L. & Xie, H. (2026) Cryphodera lithocarpus sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new species of cystoid nematode from roots and surrounding soil of Lithocarpus uvariifolius in Guangdong, China. Zootaxa, 5787 (3), 536–550. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5787.3.7