Abstract
Seven new species of cheilostome Bryozoa are described from the new Taputeranga Marine Reserve on the south coast of Wellington City, New Zealand. Four of them [Catenicella pseudoelegans (Catenicellidae), Celleporina wellingtonensis and Osthimosia sirena (Celleporidae), and Reteporella aurantiaca (Phidoloporidae)] were discovered during a month-long “BioBlitz” to determine aspects of the biodiversity of the Marine reserve ahead of its official gazetting and are so far known only from the marine reserve. The remaining species [Electra oligopora (Electridae), Fenestrulina littoralis (Microporellidae), and Rhynchozoon zealandicum (Phidoloporidae)] occur both in the reserve and elsewhere on the New Zealand coast and this paper resolves long-standing taxonomic problems concerning their status, each of the three having previously been attributed to other species. All seven occur in the littoral zone, some extend into deeper water, and all are apparently endemic. With the addition of the new species, the bryozoan fauna of Greater Cook Strait comprises 232 species (13 undescribed/undetermined) and, for the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, 953 marine species (of which 331 remain undescribed or undetermined).References
Audouin, J.V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l’Egypte et de la Syrie, publiées par Jules-César Savigny. In: Description de l’Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l’Expedition de ‘Armée française ... Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1, Part 4. Paris, Imprimerie Impériale. 339 p.
Bradstock, M. & Gordon, D.P. (1983) Coral-like bryozoan growths in Tasman Bay, and their protection to conserve commercial fish stocks. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 17, 159–163.
Brown, D.A. (1954a) A new species of polyzoan, and notes on taxonomy. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 81, 557–561.
Brown, D.A. (1954b) On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 2, 243–263.
Busk, G. (1852) An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, &c. In: MacGillivray, J. (Ed.), Narrative of the voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley ... 1846–1850 ... London, T.W. Boone. pp. 343–402, pl. 1 (Appendix No. IV).
Busk, G. (1856) Zoophytology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 4, 176–180, pls 7, 8; 308–312, pls 9–12.
Busk, G. (1857) Zoophytology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 5, 172–174, pls 15, 16.
Carter, M.C. & Gordon, D.P. (2007) Substratum and morphometric relationships in the bryozoan genus Odontoporella, with a description of a new paguridean-symbiont species from New Zealand. Zoological Science, 24, 47–56.
Cranfield, H.J., Gordon, D.P., Willan, R.C., Marshall, B.A., Battershill, C.N., Francis, M.P., Nelson, W.A., Glasby, C.J. & Read, G.B. (1998) Adventive marine species in New Zealand. NIWA Technical Report, 34, 1–48.
Cryer, M., O’Shea, S., Gordon, D., Kelly, M., Drury, J., Morrison, M., Hill, A., Saunders, H., Shankar, U., Wilkinson, M. & Foster, G. (2000) Distribution and structure of benthic invertebrate communities between North Cape and Cape Reinga. Final research Report for Ministry of Fisheries research Project ENV9805 Objectives 1–4. Wellington, NIWA. 154 p.
Dick, M.H. & Mawatari, S.F. (2005) Morphological and molecular concordance of Rhynchozoon clades (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Alaska. Invertebrate Biology, 124, 344–354.
Foster, B.A. (1982) Platform fouling. In: Kibblewhite, A.C., Bergquist, P.R., Foster, B.A., Gregory, M.R. & Miller, M.C. (Eds), Maui Development Environmental Study. Report on Phase Two 1977–1981. Auckland, Shell BP and Todd Oil Services Ltd. pp. 139–152.
Gabb, W.M. & Horn, G.H. (1872) The fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary and Tertiary Formations of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 111–179, pls 19–21.
Gordon, D.P. (1967) A report on the ectoproct Polyzoa of some Auckland shores. Tane (Journal of the Auckland University Field Club), 13, 43–76.
Gordon, D.P. (1968) Growth, regeneration and population biology of cheilostomatous polyzoans. M.Sc. thesis, University of Auckland. v + 93 p., 32 figs.
Gordon, D.P. (1970) Reproductive ecology of some northern New Zealand Bryozoa. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 11, 307–323, 1 pl.
Gordon, D.P. (1971a) Colony formation in the cheilostomatous bryozoans Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 5, 342–351.
Gordon, D.P. (1971b) Zooidal budding in the cheilostomatous bryozoan Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 5, 453–460.
Gordon, D.P. (1980) Report on the bryozoans of the Maui shores. Maui Development Environmental Study Report, 80–2, 1–9, 8 figs, + 1.
Gordon, D.P. (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 91, 1–198.
Gordon, D.P. (1986) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata Anasca) from the western South Island continental shelf and slope. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 95, 1–121.
Gordon, D.P. (1989) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata (Cheilostomida Ascophorina) from western South Island continental shelf and slope. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 97, 1–158.
Gordon, D.P. (1998) Bryozoans. In: Northcote, L. (comp.), Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington Harbour. Review of Scientific and Technical Studies of Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, to 1997. Lower Hutt, East Harbour Environmental Association. Pp. 47, 157.
Gordon, D.P. & Ballantine, W.J. (1977) Cape Rodney to Okakari Point Marine Reserve. Review of knowledge and bibliography to December 1976. Tane (Journal of the Auckland University Field Club), 22 (Suppl.), 1–146.
Gordon, D.P. & Mawatari, S.F. (1992) Atlas of marine-fouling Bryozoa of New Zealand ports and harbours. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Miscellaneous Publications, 107, 1–52.
Gordon, D.P. & Taylor, P.D. (2001) New Zealand Recent Densiporidae and Lichenoporidae (Bryozoa: Cyclostomata). Species Diversity, 6, 243–290.
Gordon, D.P. & Wear, R.G. (1999) A new ctenostome bryozoan ectosymbiotic with terminal-moult paddle crabs (Portunidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 26, 373–380.
Gordon, D.P., Taylor, P.D. & Bigey, F.P. (in press) Phylum Bryozoa ― moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. In: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.), The New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Christchurch, Canterbury University Press. pp. 271–297.
Grange, K.R. & Gordon, D.P. (2005) The spread and potential impact of the introduced bryozoan Biflustra grandicella. Final Research Report for Ministery of Fisheries Research Project ZBS2003-07 Objectives 1, 2, 3. Wellington, NIWA. 30 p.
Hamilton, A. (1896) Deep-sea Fauna of New Zealand. Extracted from the reports of the “Challenger” Expedition. Wellington, Government Printer. 27 p., 1 chart.
Hamilton, A. (1898) A list of Recent and fossil Bryozoa collected in various parts of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 30, 192–199.
Hincks, T. (1879) On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 3, 153–164.
Hincks, T. (1880) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. II. Foreign Membraniporina (continued). III. Foreign Cheilostomata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 6, 376–384, pls 16, 17.
Hincks, T. (1885) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. XIV. Polyzoa from New Zealand and Australia. XV. Cheilostomata miscellaneous. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 15, 244–257, pls 7–9.
d’Hondt, J.-L. (1979) Revision des Bryozoaires de Lesueur et Péron conserves dans les collections du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin trimestrial de la Société géologique de Normandie et des Amis du Muséum du Havre, 66 (3), 9–24.
Hutton, F.W. (1873) Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with diagnoses of the species. Wellington, Government Printer. xx + 116 p., 1 pl.
Hutton, F.W. (1880) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. A systematic and descriptive catalogue of the marine and land shells, and of the soft molluscs and Polyzoa of New Zealand and the adjacent islands. Wellington, James Hughes. xvi + iii + 224 p.
Johnston, G. (1838) A History of the British Zoophytes. Edinburgh, W.H. Lizars. xii + 341 p., 44 pls.
Johnston, G. (1847) A History of the British Zoophytes 2nd edn. London, John van Voorst. Vol. 1, xvi + 488 p., Vol. 2, 74 pls.
Levinsen, G.M.R. (1902) Studies on Bryozoa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 54, 1–31.
Livingstone, A.A. (1929) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914–16. XLIX. Bryozoa Cheilostomata from New Zealand. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 87 (49), 45–104, 2 pls.
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae. 12th edn. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. Holmiae, Laurentiae Salvii. 1327 p.
Macken, J.E. (1956) Studies on the Recent Bryozoa of New Zealand: I―On some members of the Ctenostomata. Records of the Dominion Museum, Wellington, 3, 19–26.
Macken, J.E. (1958) Studies on the Recent Bryozoa of New Zealand, II — a preliminary checklist of marine Bryozoa from Cook Strait. Records of the Dominion Museum, Wellington, 3, 101–107.
Nikulina, E.A., Hanel, R. & Schäfer, P. (2007) Cryptic speciation and paraphyly in the cosmopolitan bryozoan Electra pilosa―impact of the Tethys closing on species evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45, 765–776.
Powell, N.A. (1967) Polyzoa (Bryozoa) — Ascophora — from north New Zealand. Discovery Reports, 34, 199–393, pls 1–17.
Ralph, P.M. & Hurley, D.E. (1952) The settling and growth of wharf-pile fauna in Port Nicholson, Wellington, New Zealand. Zoology Publications of Victoria University College, New Zealand, 19, 1–22.
Stach, L. (1937) [Reports of the McCoy Society for Field Investigation and Research. Lady Julia Percy Island.] 13. Bryozoa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, n.s., 49, 373–384, pl. 22.
Stevens, L.M., Gregory, M.R. & Foster, B.A. (1996) Fouling Bryozoa on pelagic and moored plastics from northern New Zealand. In: Gordon, D.P., Smith, A.M. & Grant-Mackie, J.A. (Eds.), Bryozoans in Space and Time. Wellington, NIWA. pp. 321–340.
Taylor, P.D. & Gordon, D.P. (2001) Taxonomy of the cyclostome bryozoan Liripora MacGillivray and some related Australasian taxa. Species Diversity, 6, 87–110.
Taylor, P.D., Gordon, D.P. & Batson, P.B. (2004) Bathymetric distributions of modern populations of some common Cenozoic Bryozoa from New Zealand, and paleodepth estimation. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 47, 57–69.
Taylor, P.D., Schembri, P. & Cook, P.L. (1989) Symbiotic associations between hermit crabs and bryozoans from the Otago region, southeastern New Zealand. Journal of Natural History, 23, 1059–1085.
Uttley, G.H. (1949) The Recent and Tertiary Polyzoa (Bryozoa) in the collection of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Part I. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 5, 167–192, pls 34–39.
Uttley, G.H. (1951) The Recent and Tertiary Polyzoa (Bryozoa) in the collection of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Part II. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 6, 15–39.
Uttley, G.H. & Bullivant, J.S. (1972) Biological results of the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. Part 7. Bryozoa Cheilostomata. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir [Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research], 139 (7), 1–61.
Waters, A.W. (1906) Bryozoa from Chatham Island and d’Urville Island, New Zealand, collected by Professor H. Schauinsland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 17, 12–23, pl. 1.