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Type: Monograph
Published: 2026-05-26
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An annotated catalogue of the Order Zygentoma

Australian Museum; 1 William Street; Sydney; New South Wales 2010; Australia
Zygentoma catalogue taxonomy insect systematics

Abstract

The taxonomic literature of the Zygentoma is reviewed to create a catalogue of the names of more than 689 currently described species of silverfish. Explanatory notes are provided against each species name, along with information on type material, habitat and distribution where known. More than 100 names are corrected in accordance with a 2018 ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature regarding the gender of the name Lepisma Linnaeus and names derived from Lepisma such as Ctenolepisma Escherich. Six new combinations are created based on the original authors’ descriptions and comments and subsequently published work.

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  88. Espinasa, L. & Zhuang, Z. (2009) A cavernicolous species of the genus Anelpistina (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Naj Tunich Cave, Petén, Guatemala. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 111 (3), 575–580. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.575
  89. Espinasa, L., Furst, S., Allen, T. & Slay, M.E. (2010) A new genus of the subfamily Cubacubaninae (Insects: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from caves in south-central and southwestern USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 72 (3), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009lsc0097
  90. Espinasa, L., Dunfee, M., Lettieri, C. & Walker, J. (2011) Cosmopolitan dispersion in a parthenogenetic insect (Nicoletia phytophila; Zygentoma): human facilitated or much older? Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 124 (4), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.2988/11-02.1
  91. Espinasa, L., Collins, E. & Socci, K. (2012) A new species of genus Anelpistina and the second described nicoletiid (Zygentoma: Insecta) species from the Mayan ruins of Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico. International Scholarly Research Network Zoology, 2012 (1), Article ID 802371, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/802371
  92. Espinasa, L. & Lang, A. (2012) A new species of Anelpistina (Nicoletiidae: Zygentoma: Insecta) from los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve in Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 114 (4), 456–463.
  93. Espinasa, L., Pape, R.B., Henneberry, A. & Kinnear, C. (2012) A new species of Nicoletiidae (Insecta: Zygentoma) from Kartcher Caverns State Park, Arizona. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 74 (1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.4311/2011jcks0193
  94. Espinasa, L., Socci, K., McCaffery, S. & Cahill, A. (2012) A new species of Anelpistina (Nicoletiidae: Zygentoma) from Sumidero Canyon National Park, in Chiapas, Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 114 (3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.114.3.285
  95. Espinasa, L., Botelho, M. & Socci, K. (2013) A new species of genus Squamigera (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Mayan ruins of Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 5 (2), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN12.013
  96. Espinasa, L. & Mendes, L.F. (2013) The first cavernicolous Nicoletiidae (Insecta: Zygentoma) from the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 75 (2), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.4311/2011LSC0256
  97. Espinasa, L., Taylor, S.J. & Espinasa, M. (2013) A new record for Nicoletia phytophila (Nicoletiidae: Zygentoma: Insecta) from a cave in Belize. Speleobiology Notes, 5, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.5897/JEN12.013
  98. Espinasa, L., Bartolo, N.D. & Newkirk, C.E. (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology, 13, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
  99. Espinasa, L. & Botelho, J. (2014) A New Species of Speleonycta (Insecta: Zygentoma) from the bay area of San Francisco, California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127 (2), 335–339. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-127.2.335
  100. Espinasa, L., Collins E. & M. Botelho, M. (2014) Two new nicoletiid species (Insecta: Zygentoma) from the Yucatan Peninsula, México. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127 (3), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-127.3.473
  101. Espinasa, L., Espinasa, M., Fenolio, D.B., Slay, M.E. & Niemiller, M. (2014) Distribution and conservation status of Speleonycta ozarkensis (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from caves of the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA. Subterranean Biology, 14, 51–62. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.14.8275
  102. Espinasa, L. & Espinasa-Pereña, R. (2014) Sistema Huautla: Deep cave exploration and the opportunity for new molecular studies of its fauna. Speleobiology Notes, 6, 62–67.
  103. Espinasa, L. & Mathes, J. (2014) A new species of genus Anelpistina (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127 (2), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-127.2.328
  104. Espinasa, L. & Socci, K. (2014) A new species of Anelpistina (Nicoletiidae: Zygentoma: Insecta) from the Selva Lacandona rainforest in Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127 (3), 466–472. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-127.3.466
  105. Espinasa, L., Bartolo, N.D. & Sloat, S. (2015) A new epigean species of the genus Anelpistina (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Sierra de El Abra, Taninul, Mexico. European Journal of Taxonomy, 156, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.156
  106. Espinasa L., Gutierrez, A. & Szentesi, R.A. (2023) Two new species of Nicoletiid (Zygentoma) from Mexico: Range of cave-adapted species restricted within karstic regions? Trends in Entomology, 19, 141–153.
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  268. Mendes, L.F. (1992d) New data on the Thysanuran (Microcoryphia and Zygentoma: Insecta) from Guadiana River valley in Algarve (Portugal). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Lisbon, 2 (13), 275–286.
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  273. Mendes, L.F., Bach de Roca, C. & Gaju-Ricart, M. (1992b) Description of Cryptostylea (Zygentoma: Ateluridae), a new termitophilous thysanuran genus from Java. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 16 (1–2), 205–210.
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  277. Mendes, L.F., Molero-Baltanás, R., Bach de Roca, C. & Gaju-Ricart, M. (1993) Novos dados sobre a fauna de tisanuros das ilhas Canariás. II. Zygentoma. Notas e descrições de três novas espéces. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 19 (1–2), 107–120.
  278. Mendes, L.F. (1994) Evolutionary relationships among the Nicoletiidae (Insecta, Zygentoma). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 195, 98–103.
  279. Mendes, L.F., Bach de Roca, C. Gaju-Ricart, M. & Molero-Baltanás, R. (1994) Trichotriuroides boneti gen. et sp. n (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae) and new data on Zygentoma in the collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid (Spain). EOS. Revista Española de Entomología, 69, 21–29.
  280. Mendes, L.F. & Machida, R. (1994) A new myrmecophilous Ateluridae (Zygentoma) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 62 (4), 701–708.
  281. Mendes, L.F. (1995a) A review of the Thysanura of Israel with new data on the Microcoryphia and Zygentoma. In: Decu, V., Nitzu, E., Por, F.D. & Dimentman, C.H. (Eds.), Soil Fauna of Israel. X. Editura Academiei Române, Bucharest, pp. 87–110.
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  284. Mendes, L.F. (1996b) Some new data on the Microcoryphia and Zygentoma (Insecta) from the United States. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 21 (1), 117–126.
  285. Mendes, L.F. (1996c) On the male sex of Cryptocephalina (Zygentoma: Ateluridae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 6 (7) (157), 93–101.
  286. Mendes, L.F. (1996d) Leleupychella langa Wygodzinsky, a junior synonym of Petalonychia kohli (Escherich) (Zygentoma: Ateluridae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 6 (10) (160), 125–133.
  287. Mendes, L.F. (1996e) Congoatelura cubitermina gen. n. sp. n. (Ateluridae, Zygentoma) um novo tisanuro termitófilo do Zaire. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 21 (1–2), 155–160.
  288. Mendes, L.F. (1996f) Novos dados e descrições de tisanuros (Microcoryphia e Zygentoma: Insecta) da América do Sul. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 21 (1), 129–144.
  289. Mendes, L.F. (1996g) Esquistomelia antenar num Lepismatidae (Zygentoma: Insecta). Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 21 (1), 127–128.
  290. Mendes, L.F. (1997a) Some Zygentoma (Nicoletiidae, Ateluridae) from the Neotropics, with description of one new Metrinura species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 104 (4), 795–806. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80021
  291. Mendes, L.F. (1997b) First contribution to the study of the Dominican amber Zygentoma (Insecta. Family Ateluridae). Pedobiologia, 41, 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-4056(24)02971-8
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  294. Mendes, L.F. (1998c) On some non-Angolan thysanurans (Zygentoma: Insecta) from the Dundo Museum, Angola. Notes and description of a new species. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 22 (1–2), 39–43.
  295. Mendes, L.F. (2001) New contribution to the knowledge of the Central and Eastern African Thysanurans (Zygentoma: Ateluridae). Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale. Series 8, Sciences Zoologiques, 285, 37–70.
  296. Mendes, L.F. (2002a) On the status of the “Protrinemurid” and “Atelurid” Thysanurans (Zygentoma: Insecta). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 7 (17) (199), 201–211.
  297. Mendes, L.F. (2002b) Some new data and descriptions of thysanurans (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Central and Eastern Africa. Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Série in Octavo, Sciences Zoologiques, 290, 87–127.
  298. Mendes, L.F. (2002c) Tisanuros (Microcoryphia e Zygentoma: Insecta) de Portugal. Novos dados e consideraçóes. Comunicações des Instituo de Investigacao Cientifia Tropical, 3, 5–47.
  299. Mendes, L.F. (2002d) On a new Lepidospora s.s. (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Oman. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 24 (1–2), 107–112.
  300. Mendes, L.F. (2002e) On some Gastrotheus s.s. (Zygentoma: Ateluridae) from Angola, with description of two new species. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 24 (1–2), 91–99.
  301. Mendes, L.F. (2002f) Novos dados sobre tisanuros (Microcoryphia e Zygentoma: Apterygota) e descrição de uma nova espécie do Brasil. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 24 (1–2), 81–87.
  302. Mendes, L.F. (2002g) Contribution towards the knowledge of the thysanurans (Insecta: Zygentoma) of Cabinda. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 24 (1–2): 21–29.
  303. Mendes, L.F. (2002h) New species and new data on Protrinemuridae and Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma) from Eastern Asia and Pacific islands. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, New Series, 38 (4), 399–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2002.10697352
  304. Mendes, L.F. & Ferreira, R.L. (2002) On a new cave-dwelling Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma: Insecta) from Brazil. Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, Séries Zoologia, 24 (1–2), 101–106.
  305. Mendes, L.F. (2003) On Gastrotheus Casey, 1890 sensu Paclt, 1963, and description of a new genus (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 210, 341–349.
  306. Mendes, L.F. & Machida, R. (2003) On some Zygentoma (Insecta) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia Vol. VII-30, 212, 381–390.
  307. Mendes, L.F. (2004) Zygentoma (Insecta) from the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 357–398.
  308. Mendes, L.F. & Poinar Jr., G.O. (2004) A new fossil Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma, ‘Apterygota’) in Dominican amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106 (1), 102–109.
  309. Mendes, L.F. (2008) Order Zygentoma, family Lepismatidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE, 1, 39–46.
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  491. Smith, G.B., Eberhard, S.M. , Perina, G., & Finston, T. (2012) New species of short range endemic troglobitic silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from subterranean habitats in Western Australia’s semi-arid Pilbara region. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 27, 101–116. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.27(2).2012.101-116.
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  493. Smith, G.B. (2014) Two new species of Heterolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from eastern New South Wales. General and Applied Entomology, 42 (2013), 7–22. [N.B. date on publication is 2013 but the journal was not actually published until early 2014].
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  495. Smith, G.B. (2015a) New silverfish taxa from Queensland (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 67, 67–81. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1641
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  497. Smith, G.B. (2015c) A new Australian species of Acrotelsella (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae); could it be an endangered short range endemic? Soil Organisms, 87 (3), 169–181.
  498. Smith, G.B. (2015d) New silverfish species (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 30, 98–131. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.30(2).2015.098-131
  499. Smith, G.B. (2016a) On some silverfish taxa from Tasmania (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae and Nicoletiidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 68 (2), 45–80. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1652
  500. Smith, G.B. (2016b) New Atelurinae (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from northern Australia. General and Applied Entomology, 44, 21–58.
  501. Smith, G.B. (2016c) Revision of the silverfish genus Anisolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae: Acrotelsatinae). Records of the Australian Museum, 68 (6), 269–312. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1662
  502. Smith, G.B. & McRae, J.M. (2016) Further short range endemic troglobitic silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae; Subnicoletiinae and Coletiniinae) from north-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 31, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.31(1).2016.041-055
  503. Smith, G.B. & Mitchell, A. (2019) Species of Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) found on some remote eastern Australian islands. Records of the Australian Museum, 71 (4), 139–181. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1719
  504. Smith, G.B., Mitchell, A., Lee, T.R.C. & Espinasa, L. (2019) DNA barcoding and integrative taxonomy of the Heterolepisma sclerophylla species complex (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae: Heterolepismatinae) and the description of two new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 71 (1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1677
  505. Smith, G.B., Molero-Baltanás, R., Jaberhashemi, S.A. & Rafinejad, J. (2020) A new species of Maindronia Bouvier, 1897 from Iran (Zygentoma: Maindroniidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 72 (1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1760
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  509. Smith, G. B., Mitchell, A. & Mesaglio, T. (2022) Two new Australian silverfish (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae: Ctenolepismatinae and Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae). Records of the Australian Museum, 74 (2), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1796
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How to Cite

Smith, G.B. (2026) An annotated catalogue of the Order Zygentoma. Zootaxa, 5816 (1), 1–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5816.1.1