Abstract
Two monotypic genera, Enigmatheres new genus, and Bonita new genus, are described to receive Fabia canfieldi Rathbun, 1918, and Bonita mexicana new species respectively. Enigmatheres can be distinguished from other Pinnotheridae by the third maxilliped having a gently curved outer margin, with a carpus that is larger than the conical propodus and a dactylus that is inserted on the middle third of the ventral margin of the propodus, walking legs 2 that are asymmetrical in length and the dactyli of walking legs 1, 3 and 4 that are short, slender, conical, slightly curved up to hooked and hard tip. Bonita can be distinguished from other Pinnotheridae by the presence of two sulci on the carapace, protruding anterolateral margins of the carapace, walking leg 3 asymmetrical in length and larger than other walking legs, and walking leg 4 with a clavate propodus. These two new genera and 25 additional ones (nine with hesitation), including Pinnotheres Bosc, 1802 (type genus of Pinnotherinae de Haan, 1833), share a carapace that is soft and thin, walking legs 1-4 that are slender and feeble, antennae with a protuberance on the basal segment and the known zoea larvae being very similar, particularly with an abdomen that widens from somite 1 to 5 and a telson that is laterally convex and posteriorly trilobed. These adult and larval shared features support the monophyly of these genera and clearly diagnose the subfamily Pinnotherinae de Haan, 1833 sensu stricto.References
Ahyong, S.T. & Ng, P.K.L. (2005) Review of Durckheimia and Xanthasia, with descriptions of two new genera (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 25 (1), 116–129.
Ahyong, S.T. & Ng, P.K.L. (2007a) Visayeres acron, a new genus and species of pinnotherid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, supplement 16, 187–189.
Ahyong, S.T. & Ng, P.K.L. (2007b) The pinnotherid type material of Semper (1880), Nauck (1880) and Bürger (1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, supplement 16, 191–226.
Ahyong, S.T. & Ng, P.K.L. (2008) Alain raymondi, a new species of deepwater pinnotherid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Philippines, commensal with holothurians. Zootaxa 1919, 61–68.
Atkins, D. (1955) The post-embryonic development of British Pinnotheres (Crustacea). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 124, 687–715.
Balss, H. (1957) Decapoda, VIII: Systematik, In: Bronn, H.G., Klassen und Ordungen des Tierreichs, Band 5, Abteilung I, 7 (12), 1505–1672.
Bosc, L. A-G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinées d’après nature, Paris, Deterville, 1, 1–258.
Bousquette, G.D. (1980) The larval development of Pinnixa longipes (Lockington, 1877) (Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) reared in the laboratory. Biological Bulletin, 159, 592–605.
Campos, E. (1989a) Comments on taxonomy of the genus Orthotheres Sakai, 1969 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 4 (3), 1123–1128.
Campos, E. (1989b) Tumidotheres, a new genus for Pinnotheres margarita Smith, 1860 and Pinnotheres maculatus Say, 1818 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 9 (4), 672–679.
Campos, E. (1990) Calyptraeotheres, a new genus of Pinnotheridae for the limpet-crab Fabia granti Glassell, 1933 (Crustacea, Brachyura). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103 (2), 364–371.
Campos, E. (1993) Systematics and taxonomic remarks on Pinnotheres muliniarum Rathbun, 1918 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 106 (1), 92–101.
Campos, E. (1996a) Partial revision of Pinnotherid crab genera with a two-segmented palp on the third maxilliped (Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 16 (3), 556–563.
Campos, E. (1996b) Partial revision of the genus Fabia Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Journal of Natural History, 30, 1157–1178.
Campos, E. (2001) A new crab species of the genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993, from Thailand (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zoosystema, 23 (3), 493–497.
Campos, E. (2002) Two new genera of pinnotherid crabs from the tropical eastern Pacific (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 16 (3), 556–563.
Campos, E. (2007) Pinnotheridae. In, Carlton, J.T. The Light and Smith Manual, Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. 4th edition, University of California Press, pp. 643–647.
Campos, E. & Griffith, H. (1990) Clypeasterophilus, a new genus to receive the small-palped species of the Dissodactylus complex (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10 (3), 550–553.
Campos, E. (1999) Inclusion of the Austral Pinnotheres politus (Smith, 1870) and Pinnotheres garthi Fenucci, 1975 within the genus Calyptraeotheres Campos, 1990. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112, 536–540.
Campos, E. & Manning, R.B. (2001) Authorship and diagnosis of the genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 49 (1), 167–170.
Dai, Ai-Yun (1980) Fabia obtusidentata Dai, sp. nov. In: Dai, Ai-Yun, Zhong-qi, Feng, Yu-zhi, Song & Guo-xiao Chen. New species and new records of family Pinnotheridae from Hainan Island. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 5, 129–142 [in Chinese, with English summary]
Dana, J.D. (1851) On the classification of the crustacean Grapsoidea. American Journal of Science and Arts, series 2 (12), 283–291.
Gohar, H.A.F. & Al-Kholy, A.A. (1957) The larvae of some brachyuran Crustacea (from the Red Sea). Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Al Ghardaga, Egypt, 9, 143–176.
Kazmi, Q.B. & Manning, R.B. (2003) A new genus and species of pinnotherid crabs from Karachi, northern Arabian Sea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Journal of Natural History, 37, 1085–1089.
Konishi, K. (1983) Larvae of pinnotherid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) found in the plankton of Oshoro Bay. Hokkaido University series Vl, Zoology, 23 (3), 266–295.
Lockington, W.N. (1877) Description of a new genus and species of Crustacea. Proceeding of the California Academy of Science, 7, 55–56.
Manning, R.B. (1993a) West African pinnotherid crabs, subfamily Pinnotherinae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4e série A, 14 (1–4), 125–177.
Manning, R.B. (1993b) Epulotheres angelae, new genus, new species, a pinnotherid crab from the Caribbean Sea (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 13 (4), 801–804.
Manning, R.B. (1996) Viridotheres marionae, a new genus and species of pinnotherid crab from West Africa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 70 (19), 271–273
Manning, R.B. (1998) A new genus and species of pinnotherid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Indonesia. Zoosystema, 20 (2), 357–362
Manning, R.B. & Felder, D. L. (1996) Nannotheres moorei, a new genus and species of minute pinnotherid crabs from Belize, Caribbean Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 109 (2), 311–317.
Manning, R.B. & Galil, B. (2000) A new genus of pinnotherid crab from the Indian Ocean (Crustacea Decapoda, Brachyura. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113 (1), 66–69.
Marques, F. & Pohle, G. (1995) Phylogenetic analysis of the Pinnotheridae (Crustacea, Brachyura) based on larval morphology, with emphasis on the Dissodactylus species complex. Zoologica Scripta, 24 (4), 347–364.
Ng, P.K.L. & Manning, R.B. (2003) On two new genera of pea crabs parasitic in holothurians (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with notes on allied genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol. 116 (4), 901–919.
Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, supplement 17, 1–286.
Palacios-Thiel, E., Cuesta, J.A., Campos, E., & Felder, D.L. (2009) Molecular genetic Re-examination of subfamilies and polyphyly in the family Pinnotheridae (Crustacea: Decapoda). In: Martin, J.W., Crandall, K.A. & Felder, D.L. (Eds.), Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Crustacean Issues, CRC Press. 423–441.
Roberts, M.H. (1975) Larval development of Pinnotheres chamae reared in the laboratory. Chesapeake Science, 16 (4), 242–252.
Rathbun, M.J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition 10, 1–190.
Rathbun, M.J. (1918) The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 97, 1–461.
Sakai, T. (1969) Two new genera and twenty-two new species of crabs from Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82, 243–280.
Schmitt, W.L. (1921) The marine decapod Crustacea of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23, 1–470.
Schmitt, W.L., McCain, J.C. & Davidson, E.S. (1973) Fam. Pinnotheridae, Brachyura I: Decapoda I. In: Gruner, H.-E. & Holthuis, LB. (Eds.), Crustaceorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Den Haag 3, 1–160.