Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2009-04-10
Page range: 1–17
Abstract views: 63
PDF downloaded: 2

A cladistic analysis of Gorytina (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicini), with a reclassification of the subtribe

Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 let Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok-22, 690022, Russia
Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
Hymenoptera Argogorytina Trichogorytina digger wasps classification

Abstract

Based on a cladistic analysis of the digger wasp subtribe Gorytina, the subtribes Argogorytina Nemkov and Lelej 1996, stat. resurr. (consisting of Argogorytes Ashmead 1899, Neogorytes Bohart in Bohart and Menke 1976, and Pterygorytes Bohart 1967), and Trichogorytina, subtrib. nov. (genus Trichogorytes Rohwer 1912 only) are removed from Gorytina. The genus Pterygorytes Bohart 1967 is transferred to Handlirschiina. New generic synonyms are: Pseudoplisus Ashmead 1899, and Leiogorytes Bohart 2000 = Gorytes Latreille 1805; and Malaygorytes Nemkov 1999 = Argogorytes Ashmead 1899. Thirteen species originally described in Pseudoplisus are transferred to Gorytes (new comb.): P. butleri Bohart 1969, P. californicus Bohart 1969, P. catalinae Bohart 1969, P. claripennis Bohart 1969, P. erugatus Bohart 1969, P. flavidulus Bohart 1969, P. hadrus Bohart 1969, P. imperialis Bohart 1969, P. nigricomus Bohart 1969, P. ocellatus Bohart 1969, P. samiatus Bohart 1969, P. willcoxi Ohl 2009, and P. tanythrix Bohart 1969. Also transferred to Gorytes (new comb.) are Leiogorytes guerrero Bohart 2000, Arpactus nyasicus R. Turner, 1915 and the following twelve species originally described in Gorytes but currently placed in Pseudoplisus: G. abdominalis Cresson 1865, G. aequalis Handlirsch 1888, G. divisus F. Smith 1856, G. effugiens Brauns 1911, G. fasciatus W. Fox 1896, G. montanus Cameron 1890, G. natalensis F. Smith 1856, G. ranosahae Arnold 1945, G. rubiginosus Handlirsch 1888, G. rufomaculatus W. Fox 1896, G. smithii Cresson 1880, and G. venustus Cresson 1865. Malaygorytes konishii (Nemkov 1999) is transferred to Argogorytes (new comb.). Updated diagnoses of Gorytes and Argogorytes are provided.

References

  1. Arnold, G. (1929) The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XII. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 217–319.

    Arnold, G. (1945) The Sphecidae of Madagascar. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 193 pp.

    Ashmead, W.H. (1899) Classification of the entomophilous wasps, or the superfamily Sphegoidea. The Canadian Entomologist, 31, 145–155, 161–174, 212–225, 238–251, 291–300, 322–330, 345–357.

    Baker, D.B. (1907) Some new Gorytes-like wasps. Invertebrata Pacifica, 1, 161–167.

    Balthasar, V. (1954) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der palästinischen Spheciden. Opuscula hymenopterologica XIV. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 28, 267–284.

    Bohart, R.M. (1967) New genera of Gorytini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Nyssoninae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 43, 155–161.

    Bohart, R.M. (1968) New Hoplisoides from the United States (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 70, 287–292.

    Bohart, R.M. (1969a) New species of Pseudoplisus from North and Central America. I: the P. phaleratus group (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 494–501.

    Bohart, R.M. (1969b) New species of Pseudoplisus from North America, II (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 42, 392–405.

    Bohart, R.M. (1971) New species of Gorytini from western North America (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83, 445–453.

    Bohart, R. (1980) A review of the North American species of Dienoplus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 56, 63–70.

    Bohart, R.M. (1997) A review of the genus Hoplisoides Gribodo (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Gorytini) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99, 645–660.

    Bohart, R.M. (2000) A review of Gorytini in the Neotropical Region (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Bembicinae). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 111–259.

    Bohart, R.M. & A.S. Menke, (1976) Sphecid Wasps of the World. A generic revision. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1 color plate, IX + 695 pp.

    Bradley, J. Ch. (1920) Descriptions, records and notes on North American Nyssonidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 46, 113–132.

    Brauns, H. (1911) Über Gorytes-Arten aus Südafrica. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 61, 130–134.

    Brèthes, J. (1913) Himenópteros de la América Meridional. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 24, 35–165.

    Cameron, P. 1888a–1900. Insecta. Hymenoptera. Vol. II (Fossores) In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, D. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Francis and Taylor, London, i–xi + 413 pp., pls. 1–14.

    Cockerell, T.D.A. & W.J. Fox (1897) New fossorial Hymenoptera from New Mexico. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1897, 135–141.

    Costa, A. (1856–1886) Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia Enumerazione di tutti gli Animali che abitano le diverse Regioni di questo Regno e le Acque che le bagnano e Descrizione de nuovi o poco esattemente conosciuti con Figure ricevute de Originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Imenotteri Aculeati. Gaetano Sautto, Napoli. [Each family recognized by the author has a separate pagination.]

    Costa, A. (1967) Prospetto degli Imenotteri Italiani da servire di Prodromo della Imenotterologia Italiana. Tipografia di Antonio Cons, Napoli, 154 pp.

    Costa, A. (1884) Notizie ed osservazioni sulla geo-fauna sarda. Memoria Terza. Risultamento delle ricerche fatte in Sardegna nella estate del 1883. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli, (Serie 2) 1, No. 9, 1–64.

    Cresson, E.T. (1865) Catalogue of Hymenoptera in the collection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, from Colorado Territory. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 242–313, 426–488.

    Cresson, E.T. (1868) Catalogue of a small collection of Hymenoptera made in New Mexico during the summer of 1867. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1, 375–388.

    Cresson, E.T. (1880) [Three new species of Hymenoptera]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Proceedings of the Monthly Meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 8:xvii–xviii.

    Dahlbom, A. (1832) Exercitaciones Hymenopterologicae Ad illustrandam Faunam Svecicam, quas Venia Ampliss. Facultatis Philos. Acad. Lund. Proponunt Gustav. Dahlbom, Historiae Natur. Doc., Societ. Linn. Holm. Membr., et N. P. Ringstrand, Ostro-gothi. In Acad. Carolina die XXVII Octobris MDCCCXXXII. Part. IV. Londini Gothorum, pp. 49–64.

    Dahlbom, A.G. (1843–1845) Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue borealia; formis typicis nonnullis Specierum Generumve Exoticorum aut Extraneorum propter nexum systematicus associatis; per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus: Sphex in sensu Linneano. Officina Lundbergiana, Lund, XLIV + 528 pp.

    Dalla Torre, C.G. (1897) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 749 pp.

    de Beaumont, J. (1950) Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) récoltés en Algérie et au Maroc par M. Kenneth M. Guichard. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 1, 389–427.

    de Beaumont, J. (1953a) Le genre Olgia Radoszk. (Hym. Sphecid.). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 60, 205–223.

    de Beaumont, J. (1953b) Les Gorytes s.s. (= Hoplisus) de la région paléarctique (Hym. Sphecid.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 26, 161–200.

    de Beaumont, J. (1965) Les Sphecidae de la Grèce (Hym.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 38, 1–65.

    de Beaumont, J. (1967) Hymenoptera from Turkey. Sphecidae, I. With Appendix. Sphex Linné, Subgenus Palmodes Kohl par P. Roth. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 19, 253–382.

    de Beaumont, J. (1968) Sphecidae des îles Canaries (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 21, 245–278.

    de Beaumont, J. (1969) Sphecidae de Turquie (Hym.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 42, 79–95.

    de Beaumont, J. & H. Bytinski-Salz (1959) The Sphecidae (Hymen.) of Eretz Israel. II. Subfam.: Nyssoninae (tribes: Gorytini, Nyssonini, Alyssonini) and Philanthinae. The Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. Section B: Zoology, 8, 99–151.

    de Saussure, H. (1890–1892) Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar publiée par Alfred Grandidier. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptères. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, XXI + 590 pp., pls. 1–27 (1890, I–XXI, 1–176, pls. 1–20; 1892, 177–590, pls. 21–27).

    Dufour, L. (1838) Observations sur le genre Stizus. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 7, 269–279, pl. 9.

    Eversmann, E. (1849) Fauna Hymenopterologica Volgo-Uralensis. Fam. III. Sphegidae Latr. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 22, 359–436.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Vol. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen], VIII + 519 pp.

    Fox. W.J. (1892) New North American species of Gorytes. The Canadian Entomologist, 24, 149–154.

    Fox, W.J. (1893) New species of fossorial Hymenoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 25, 113–117.

    Fox, W.J. (1894) The North American Larridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1893, 467–551.

    Fox, W.J. (1896) Synopsis of the North American species of Gorytes Latr. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1895, 517–539.

    Fritz, M. (1964) Tres especies argentinas de Gorytini. Neotropica, 10, 108–111.

    Gayubo, S.F. (1992) A new species of Harpactus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from Spain. Entomological News, 103, 180–184.

    Germar, E.F. (1817) Reise nach Dalmatien und in das Gebiet von Ragusa. F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig und Altenburg, xii + 323 pp., 9 pls., 2 maps.

    Goloboff, P.A. (1993) NONA version 2.0. Published by the author.

    Gribodo, G. (1884) Diagnosi di nuove specie di Imenotteri scavatori ed osservazioni sopra alcune specie poco conosciute. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 16, 275–284.

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1928) Sphecidarum species novae. Izvestiya Kursov Prikladnoy Zoologii i Fitopatologii (= Bulletin de l'Institut de Zoologie Appliquée et de Phytopathologie), 4, 3–19.

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1932) Verzeichnis der von Herrn D:r R. Malaise im Ussuri und Kamtschatka gesammelten aculeaten Hymenopteren. Arkiv för Zoologi, 24A, No.10, 1–66.

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1933) Sphecidae i Psammocharidae (Hymenoptera), sobrannyie N. Zarudnym v vostochnoy Persii – Sphecidae et Psammocharidae (Hymenoptera), a cl. N. Zarudnyi in Persia orientali collectae. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR (= Travaux de l'Institut Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'USSR), 1, 269–307. [pagination in error, should be 369–407]

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1952) Novye i maloizvestnye vidy Psammocharidae i Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) zapadnogo Tadzhikistana. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 10, 199–288.

    Handlirsch, A. (1888) Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. III. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 97, 316–565, pls. I–III.

    Handlirsch, A. (1893) Neue Arten der Gattung Gorytes Latr. (Hymenopteren). Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 8, 276–282.

    Handlirsch, A. (1895) Nachträge und Schlusswort zur Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 104, 801–1079, pls. I–II.

    Handlirsch, A. (1898) Ueber die von Dr. O. Schmiedeknecht in Nordafrika gesammelten Nyssoniden. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 48, 485–490.

    Handlirsch, A. (1901) Vier neue Arten der Hymenopteren-Gattung Gorytes. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 51, 351–356.

    Hanson, P.E. & Menke, A.S. (2006) Capitulo 17. Las avispas apoideas: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae. In: Hanson, P.E. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera de la Region Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 77, pp. 694–733.

    Jurine, L. (1807) Nouvelle méthode de classer les Hyménoptères et les Diptères. Hyménoptères. Tome premier. J.J. Paschoud, Genève, (1)–(4), 1–319 + 1 unnumbered pp., 1–14 pls.

    Kazenas, V.L. (1988) Novyi vid roda Harpactus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz yuzhnogo Kazakhstana. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 67, 148–150.

    Kazenas, V.L. (1989) Dva maloizvestnykh i odin novyi vid royushchikh os roda Harpactus Shuckard (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz Sredney Azii. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 68, 775–778.

    Kazenas, V.L. (1992) Novyie vidy royuschchikh os roda Harpactus Shuckard (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz Kazakhstana i Uzbekistana. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 71, 640–645.

    Klug, F. (1845) Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones Insectorum quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Frederici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum studio novae aut illustratae redierunt. Decas Quinta. Officina Academica, Berolini. 41 unnumbered pages, pls. 41–50.

    Kohl, F.F. (1894) Zur Hymenopterenfauna Afrikas. Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 9, 279–350.

    Kokujev, N.R. (1909) Hymenoptera asiatica nova. Russkoye Entomologicheskoye Obozrenye, 9, 246–248.

    Kohl, F.F. (1897) Die Gattungen der Sphegiden. Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 11, 233–516, pls. V–XI.

    Kohl, F.F. & Handlirsch, A. (1910) Zwei neue Fossorien aus dem Mediterrangebiete. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 60, 264–266.

    Krombein, K.V. (1958) Additions during 1956 and 1957 to the wasp fauna of Lost River State Park, West Virginia, with biological notes and descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 60, 49–64.

    Krombein, K.V. (1962) Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XIII. Descriptions of new wasps from Plummers Island, Maryland (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 75, 1–18.

    Kuznetzov-Ugamskij, N.N. (1927) Zur Kenntnis der mittelasiatischen Sphecodea. I. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 71, 244–249.

    Latreille, P.A. (1792) Mutilles, découvertes en France. Actes de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1, 5–12.

    Latreille, P.A. (1805) Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite aux Oeuvres de Leclercq de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d'Histoire naturelle rédigé par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs Sociétés savantes. Vol. 13. Imprimerie F. Dufart, Paris, 432 pp, pls. XCVIIbis–CIII.

    Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. (1832) Mémoire sur le genre Gorytes Latr. Arpactus. Jur. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 1, 52–79.

    Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. (1845) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hyménoptères. Vol. 3. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 646 + 4 pp., pls. 25–36.

    Linnaeus, C. (1760) Fauna Suecica sistens animalia Sveciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per classes & ordines, genera & species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis auctorum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium, descriptionibus insectorum. Editio altera, auctior. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], [48] +578 pp.

    Menke, A.S. (1967) New genera of Old World Sphecidae (Hymenoptera). Entomological News, 78, 29–35.

    Mercet, R.G. (1905) Un «Gorytes» y una «Bembex» de Marruecos. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 5, 464–466.

    Mocsáry, A. (1879) Hymenoptera nova e fauna Hungarica. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 3, 115–141.

    Morawitz, F. (1889) Insecta, a Cl. G.N. Potanin in China et in Mongolia novissime lecta. IV. Hymenoptera Aculeata. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 23,112–168.

    Morawitz, F. (1892) Hymenoptera Aculeata rossica nova. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 26, 132–181.

    Morice, F.D. (1911) Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. The Sphegidae (Being Part V of the work commenced by the late Edward Saunders, F.R.S., in Trans. Entomol. Soc., 1901, p. 515). The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1911, 62–135.

    Nadig, A. (1933) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Marokko und Westalgerien. Erster Teil: Apidae, Sphegidae, Vespidae. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubündens, 71, 37–107.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1990a) Novyi vid royushchikh os triby Gorytini iz oligotsenovykh otlozheniy Primorskogo Kraya. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 24, 123–125.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1990b). Royushchiye osy triby Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) fauny SSSR. Rody Gorytes Latreille, Pseudoplisus Ashmead, Kohlia Handlirsch. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 69, 675–690.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1992) Royuschchiye osy triby Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) fauny Rossii i sopredelnykh stran. Rody Lestiphorus Lepeletier, Oryttus Spinola i Olgia Radoszkowski. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 71, 935–949.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1994) Novyie vidy royuschchikh os roda Harpactus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz tsentralnoy Palearktiki. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 73 (11), 64–71.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1996) Royushchiye osy triby Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) fauny Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran. Rod Harpactus. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 75, 1204–1213.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1999a) New genus and species of the digger wasps of tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Nissoninae) from Malay Peninsula. Far Eastern Entomologist, 74, 1–5.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1999b) Review of the Gorytes kohlii species group (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Bembecinae). Far Eastern Entomologist, 81, 1–5.

    Nemkov, P.G. (2007) A new genus of digger wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Bembicinae) from North and Central America. Far Eastern Entomologist, 167, 1–4.

    Nemkov, P.G. & Lelej, A.S. (1996) Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the digger wasp tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Nyssoninae). Far Eastern Entomologist, 37, 1–14.

    Nixon, K.C. (2002) WinClada version 1.00.08. Distributed by the author.

    Ohl, M. (2009) A colorful new species of the digger wasp genus Pseudoplisus Ashmead from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Crabronidae). Zootaxa 2009, 27–34.

    Packard, A.S. (1866–1867) Revision of the fossorial Hymenoptera of North America. I. Crabronidae and Nyssonidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 6, 39–115 [1866], 353–444 [1867].

    Palma, G. (1867) Notamento d’insetti Imenotteri Scavatori della Sicilia settentrionale. Annali dell’Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturaliste, (Serie 4), 1, 32–44, pl. 2.

    Panzer, G.W.F. (1792–1810) Favnae Insectorvum Germaniae initia oder Devtschland Insecten. 109 Hefte. Felsecker, Nürnberg.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1936) Studies in the Nyssoninae wasps (Gorytini: Sphecidae: Hymenoptera). I. The species of Psammaletes, a new subgenus of Hoplisoides. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 49–56.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1936) Studies in the Nyssoninae wasps (Gorytini: Sphecidae: Hymenoptera). I. The species of Psammaletes, a new subgenus of Hoplisoides. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 49–56.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1947a) Two new wasps from southern Arizona (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomological News, 57, 237–241.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1947b) A revision of the genus Arigorytes (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Gorytini). The Canadian Entomologist, 79, 51–56.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1947c) On the gorytine wasps of the West Indies (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomological News, 58, 93–98.

    Patton, W.H. (1879) Descriptions of several Crabronidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 11, 210–215.

    Pérez, J. (1905) Hyménoptères recueillis dans le Japon central, par M. Harmand, ministre plénipotentiaire de France à Tokio. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1905, 23–39, 79–87, 148–158.

    Prentice, M.A. (1998) The comparative morphology and phylogeny of apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of California, Berkeley. 1439 pp.

    Provancher, L. (1895–1896) Les dernières descriptions de l'abbé Provancher. Le Naturaliste Canadien, vol. 22 [1895], 79–80, 95–97, 110–112, 129–131, 140–142, 157–159, 172–174, 189–191; vol. 23 [1896], 8–10, 27–28.

    Pulawski, W.J. (1961) Sur deux Sphecidae (Hym.) du Liban. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 31, 93–96.

    Pulawski, W.J. (1979) Two new Dienoplus from Turkey (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 49, 475–480.

    Pulawski, W.J. (2007) The status of Liris magnificus Kohl, 1884, and Trichogorytes costaricae Bohart, 2000 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 16, 293–296.

    Radoszkowski, O. (1877) Sphegidae in Voyage au Turkestan d'A.P. Fedtchenko, Fasc. 14, tome 2, partie 5. Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Obshchestva Lyubiteley Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete, 26, 1–87, pls. I–VIII.

    Radoszkowski, O. (1884) Etudes hyménoptérologique [sic]. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 18, 23–29.

    Rohwer, S.A. (1909) Some new wasps. Entomological News, 20, 369–372.

    Rohwer, S.A. (1912) Descriptions of new species of wasps in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41, 447–478.

    Rohwer, S.A. (1916) Sphecoidea, pp. 645–697 in W.E. Britton (editor). Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part III. The Hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects of Connecticut. By H.L. Viereck, with the collaboration of A.D. MacGillivray, Ch.T. Brues, W.M. Wheeler, S.A. Rohwer. Bulletin. State of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey, 22, 1–824, pls. I–X.

    Rossi, P. (1790) Fauna Etrusca sistens insecta quae in Provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrus Rossius. Thomae Masi & Sociorum, Liburni [= Livorno], Vol. 1, XXII + 272 pp., Vol. 2, 348 pp., X pls.

    Rossi, P. (1792–1794) Mantissa Insectorum exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas a Petro Rossio adiectis faunae Etruscae illustationibus et emendationibus. Typographìa Polloni, Pisis [= Pisa]. Tomus primus: 148 pp. [1792]. Tomus secundus: 154 pp., 8 pls. [1794].

    Say, T. (1837) Descriptions of new species of North American Hymenoptera, and observations on some already described. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, 361–416.

    Schrottky, C. (1909) Himenópteros de Catamarca. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 68, 233–272.

    Schrottky, C. (1911) Neue südamerikan. Hymenoptera. 4. Fortsetzung. VI. Sphecoidea. Entomologische Rundschau, 28, 27–29.

    Schulz, W. (1904) Ein Beitrag zur Faunistik der paläarktischen Spheciden. Zeitschrift für Entomologie (Neue Folge), 29, 90–102.

    Schulz, W. (1906) Spolia Hymenopterologica. Albert Pape, Paderborn, 356 pp., 1 pl.

    Shuckard, W.E. (1837) Essay on the indigenous fossorial Hymenoptera; comprising a description of all the British species of burrowing sand wasps contained in the metropolitan collections; with their habits as far as they have been observed. Richter and Co., London, XII pp., one pl., 252 + [2] pp., pls. 1–4, [4] pp.

    Shuckard, W.E. (1838) Descriptions of new exotic aculeate Hymenoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2, 68–82, pl. VIII.

    Smith, F. (1856) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. Sphegidae, Larridae and Crabronidae. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 207–497.

    Smith, F. (1862) Descriptions of new species of Australian Hymenoptera and of a species of Formica from New Zealand. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, (Series 3) 1, 53–62.

    Smith, F. (1873) Descriptions of new species of fossorial Hymenoptera in the collection of the British Museum, and of a species of the rare genus Iswara, belonging to the Family Dorylidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series 4) 12, 253–260, 291–300, 402–415.

    Spinola, M. (1806–1808) Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit Maximilianus Spinola, adjecto catalogo specierum auctoribus jam enumeratarum, quae in eadem regione passim occurrunt. Yves Gravier, Genuae. Tom 1us, xvii + 160 pp., 2 pls. [1806]. Tom. II, ii + 262 pp., 5 pls. [1808].

    Spinola, M. (1836) [Rectifications au sujet de quelques genres d'Hyménoptères]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 5, xxiii.

    Spinola, M. (1936) Compte-rendu des Hyménoptères récueillis par M. Fischer pendant son voyage en Egypte, et communiqués par M. le Docteur Waltl à Maximilien Spinola. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 7, 437–546.

    Spinola, M. (1841) Hyménoptères recueillis à Cayenne en 1839 par M. Leprieur, pharmacien de la Marine Royale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 10, 85–149, pl. 3.

    Spinola, M. (1851) Compte rendu des Hyménoptères inédits provenant du voyagae entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846. Preprint from Memorie della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, (Serie 2) 13, 3–78.

    Taschenberg, E.L. (1875) Nyssonidae und Crabronidae des zoologischen Museums der hiesigen Universität. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 46, 359–409.

    Tsuneki, K. (1963) The tribe Gorytini of Japan and Korea (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Etizenia, 1, 1–20.

    Tsuneki, K. (1971) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 239. Sphecidae (Hymenoptera). I–II. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 17, 139–217.

    Tsuneki, K. (1982) Sphecidae and Scoliidae collected by Dr. K. Baba in the Southern Ryukyus (Hymenoptera). Special Publications of the Japan Hymenopterists Association, 23, 46–52.

    Turner, R.E. (1915) Notes on fossorial Hymenoptera. – XVII. On new Ethiopian species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series 8) 16, 286–299.

    Turner, R.E. (1920) On some new species and others of fossorial Hymenoptera in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 17, 489–497.

    Vander Linden, P.L. (1829) Observations sur les Hyménoptères d'Europe de la famille de Fouisseurs, deuxième partie, Bembecides, Larrates, Nyssoniens et Crabronites. Nouvelles Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Bruxelles, 5, 11–125.

    Vardy, C. (1995) A new genus and species of stridulating wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Gorytini). Entomofauna, 16, 393–398.

    Vogrin, V. (1954) Einige neue Arten und Varietäten der Hymenoptera-Aculeata aus Jugoslawien. Zaštita Bilja, 26 (Supplement), 3–16.

    Wesmael, C. (1852) Revue critique des Hyménoptères Fouisseurs de Belgique. Suite. Bulletin de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 19, 82–110, 261–286, 589–635.

    Williams, F.X (1914) Notes on the habits of some solitary wasps that occur in Kansas, with the description of a new species. The Kansas University Science Bulletin, 18, 223–230, pl. XXXIII.

    Yasumatsu, K. (1939) Miscellaneous notes on the Hymenopterous fauna of South Manchuria (Fourth Report). The Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, 9, 8–16.

    Yasumatsu, K. (1943) Notes on some East-Asiatic Sphecoidea in the collection of the Musée Heude. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, 10, 1–32.