Abstract
A revision of the genus Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Anomopoda, Cladocera, Branchiopoda) is presented. The list of all species-group nominal taxa consists of 34 published and 3 unpublished names. Of these, 12 species are accepted as valid: (1) Leydigia (Leydigia) leydigi (Schödler, 1863); (2) L. (L.) louisi Jenkin, 1934 with two subspecies L. louisi louisi Jenkin, 1934 and L. louisi mexicana Kotov, Elías-Gutiérrez et Nieto, 2003; (3) Leydigia (Neoleydigia) propinqua Sars, 1903; (4) L. (N.) australis Sars, 1885; (5) L. (N.) microps Sars, 1916; (6) L. (N.) sp. nov. from 'L. acanthocercoides' in Alonso, 1996; (7) L. (N.). macrodonta Sars, 1916; (8) L. (N.) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); (9) L. (N.). laevis Gurney, 1927; (10) L. (N.) cf. ipojucae Brehm, 1939; (11) L. (N.) ciliata Gauthier, 1939; (12) L. (N.) cf. striata Birabén, 1939. Lectotypes are selected for 3, 5, 7, and 9. Exact identification of 10 and 12 is not possible without examination of material from type localities and neotype selection. As confirmed by examination of authors' type material, some taxa (Leydigia africana Gurney, 1904 and Leydigia ankammaraoi Prasad, Santa Kumari et Bose, 1985) prove to be junior synonyms of previously described species; species 8-12 form a compact acanthocercoides-group, with fine differences among members. A cladistic analysis for 13 studied taxa and 18 morphological characters resulted in four most-parsimonious trees (TL = 32; CI = 0.78), which differ only in the grouping of members of the L. acanthocercoides-group. A slightly polytomic strict consensus tree (the 50% majority rule bootstrap simulation led to a tree of similar topology to the contree), as well as some 'orthodox' ideas on the evolution of the genus (not contradicting each other), are used to subdivide the genus into two subgenera, Leydigia (Leydigia) Kurz, 1875 and Leydigia (Neoleydigia) subgen. nov. L. (N.) acanthocercoides is the type species of the latter. A key for the identification of well-known species of Leydigia is provided. The level of description of representatives of the genus Leydigia in different continents is estimated, and perspectives for further investigations are outlined.References
Adamowicz, S.J., Hebert, P.D.N. & Marinone, M.C. (2004) Species diversity and endemism in the Daphnia of Argentina: a genetic investigation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 140, 171–205.
Alonso, M. (1996) Fauna Iberica. Crustacea Branchiopoda. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 486 pp.
Balvay, G. (1984) Les Entomostracés du Léman. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Hydrologie, 46, 230–246.
Bär, G. (1924) Über Cladoceren von der Insel Ceylon. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, 60, 83–126.
Battish, S.K. (1981) On some chydorid and macrothricid (Crustacea: Cladocera) from Punjab with the description of three new species. Researches on Crustacea, Tokyo, 11, 17–35.
Behning, A.L. (1941) The Cladocerans of the Caucasus. Gruzmedgiz Publishing, Tbilisi, 384 pp. [in Russian]
Bigelow, N.K. (1922) Representative Cladocera of south-western Ontario. Publications of the Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory, 20, 109–126.
Birabén, M. (1927) Observations on the microfauna of Rio Santiago. Physis, 8, 572–574.
Birabén, M. (1939) Los Cladóceros de la familia "Chydoridae". Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, 17, 651–671.
Birge, E.A. (1918) The water fleas (Cladocera). In: Ward, H.B. & Whipple, G.Ch. (Eds.), Freshwater biology. Wiley, New York, pp. 676–740.
Biswas, S. (1971) Fauna of Rajasthan, India. Part II. Crustacea: Cladocera. Records of the zoological Survey of India, 63, 95–140.
Biswas, S. (1980) Cladocerans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from Assam and adjacent hill states in North East India. Records of the zoological Survey of India, 76, 93–113.
Bowkiewicz, J. (1926) Cladocera Poloniae indigena. Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis, 5, 57–61.
Brady, G.S. (1913) On freshwater Entomostraca from various parts of South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, 2, 459–474.
Brehm, V. (1937) Brasilianische Cladoceren gesammelt von Dr. O. Schubart. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 35, 497–512.
Brehm, V. (1938) Dritter Bericht über die von Dr. O. Schubart in Brasilien gesammelten Onychura. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 122, 94–103.
Brehm, V. (1951) Sobre la microfauna de las aquas dulces de diversos paises extraeuropeos. Publicationes del Instituto de Biologia aplicada, 5, 83–100.
Brehm, V. (1954) Marokkanische Cladoceren. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc, Rabat, 34, 337–342.
Brehm, V. (1959) Cladocera. Exploration hydrobiologique des Lacs Kivu, Edouard et Albert. Institut Royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Résultats scientifiques, 3, 69–100.
Brehm, V. & Thomsen, R. (1936) Brasilianische Phyllopoden und Arguliden gesammelt von Herrn Dr. O. Schubart. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 116, 211–218.
Chapman, A. & Lewis, M. (1976) An introduction to the freshwater Crustacea of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland and London, 261 pp.
Chen shou-zhong (1992) A new subspecies of Leydigia macrodonta (Brachiopoda: Diplostraca). Acta zootaxonomica Sinica, 17, 165–168.
Chen shou-zhong (1993) A preliminary study on genus Leydigia Kurz of China (Branchiopoda: Diplostraca). Acta zootaxonomica Sinica, 18, 14–17.
Chen shou-zhong, Zhang shi-ping, Jiang fu-guo, Mao qian-sheng, Song an-guo, Wang ying-zhou & Tian jia-yi (1992) New second species and new records of the freshwater microcrustacean from Shandong Province. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 11, 87–93.
Chengalath, R. (1982) A faunistic and ecological survey of the littoral Cladocera of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 2668–2682.
Chengalath, R. (1987) Synopsis Speciorum. Crustacea: Branchiopoda. Bibliographia Invertebratorum Aquaticorum Canadensium 7. National Museum of Natural Sciences and National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, 119 pp.
Chiang sieh-chin & Du nan-shan (1979) Freshwater Cladocera. Fauna Sinica. Crustacea. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Peking, 297 pp.
Cosmovici, L.C. (1900) Contribution à l'étude de la faune de la Roumanie. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 25, 153–163.
Daday, E. (1884) Catalogus Crustaceorum faunae Tranaylvanicae. Orvos-természettudományi Ėrtesítö, 9, 161–187.
Daday, E. (1885) Jelentés az 1884. év nyarán Magyarorvzág különböső vidékein végzett crustaceologiai kutatások eredményéről Math. Természetrajzi Kozlemények, Budapest, 20, 147–167.
Daday, E. (1888) Crustacea Cladocera faunae Hungariae, Budapest, 128 pp.
Daday, E. (1898) Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere aus Ceylon. Természetrajzi Füzetek, Budapest, 21, 1–123.
Daday, E. (1902) Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere aus Patagonien, gesammelt von Dr. Filippo Sylvestri. Természetrajzi Füzetek, Budapest, 25, 201–310.
Daday, E. (1903) Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere der Umgebung des Balaton. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 19, 37–98.
Daday, E. (1905) Untersuchungen über die Süsswasser Mikrofauna Paraguays. Zoologica, 44, 1–374.
Daday, E. (1910) Untersuchungen über die Süsswasser-Mikrofauna Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas. Zoologica, 59, 1–316.
Dumont, H.J. (1981) Cladocera and free-living Copepoda from the Fouta Djalon and adjacent mountain ares in West Africa. Hydrobiologia, 85, 97–116.
Dumont, H.J. (1986) Zooplankton of the Nile system. In: Davies, B.R. & Walker, K.F. (Eds.), The ecology of River Systems. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 75–88.
Dumont, H.J. (1989) The non-marine Cladocera of Belgium. Verhandelingen van het Symposium "Invertebraten van Belgie", pp. 137–142.
Dumont, H.J., Laureys, P. & Pensaert, J. (1979) Anostraca, Conchostraca, Cladocera and Copepoda from Tunisia. Hydrobiologia, 66, 259–274.
Dumont, H.J. & Pensaert, J. (1983) A revision of the Scapholeberinae (Crustacea: Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 100, 3–45.
Dumont, H.J., Pensaert, J. & El Moghraby, A.I. (1984) Cladocera from the Sudan: Red Sea Hills, Jebel Marra and valley of the main Nile. Hydrobiologia, 110, 163–169.
Dumont, H.J., Pensaert, J. & Van de Velde, I. (1981) The crustacean zooplankton of Mali (West Africa). Hydrobiologia, 80, 161–187.
Dumont, H.J. & Silva-Briano, M. (2000) Karualona n. gen. (Anomopoda: Chydoridae), with a description of two new species, and a key to all known species. Hydrobiologia, 435, 61–82.
Dumont, H.J. & Van de Velde, I. (1977) Cladocères et Conchostracés гécoltes par le professeur Th. Monod dans la moyenne vallée du Niger en décembre 1972 et janvier 1973. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, Sciences Naturelles, 39, 75–93.
Dybowski, B. & Grochowski, M. (1895) Spis systematyczny wioślarek (Cladocera) krajowych. Kosmos, 20, 139–165.
Dybowski, B. & Grochowski, M. (1898) O czutkach drugiej pary u Tonewek (Lynceidae) i Eminkow (Eurycercidae). Kosmos, 23, 25–73.
Elías-Gutiérrez, M. (1995) Notas sobre los cladóceros de embalses a gran altitud en el Estado de México, México. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 40, 197–214.
Elías-Gutiérrez, M., Ciros-Pérez, J., Gutiérrez-Aguirre, M. & Cervantes-Martínez, A. (1997) A checklist of the littoral cladocerans from Mexico, with descriptions of five taxa recently recorded from the Neovolcanic Province. Hydrobiologia, 360, 63–73.
Elías-Gutiérrez, M., Kotov, A.A. & Garfias-Espejo, T. (2006) Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa, 1119, 1–27.
Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. (1998) Branchiopoda. Freshwater Cladocera. In: Young, P.S. (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil (Série Livros 6). Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 15–41.
Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. (2000) Brazilian cladoceran studies: where do we stand? Nauplius, 8, 117–131.
Fernando, C.H. (1980) The freshwater zooplankton of Sri Lanka, with a discussion of tropical freshwater zooplankton composition. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 65, 85–125.
Fernando, C.H. & Kanduru, A. (1984) Some remarks on the latitudinal distribution of Cladocera on the Indian subcontinent. Hydrobiologia, 113, 69–76.
Fischer, S. (1854) Abhandlung über einige neue oder nicht genau Bekannte Arten von Daphniden und Lynceiden als beitrag zur Fauna Russlands. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, 27, 423–434.
Flössner, D. (1972) Krebstiere, Crustacea (Kiemen- und Blattfüßer, Branchiopoda, Fischläuse, Branchiura). Tierwelt Deutschlands, 60, 1–499.
Flössner, D. (2000) Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden, 428 pp.
Fordyce, C. (1901) The Cladocera of Nebraska. Transactions of the American microscopical Society, 22, 119–174.
Fordyce, C. (1904) Additional notes on the Cladocera of Nebraska. Transactions of the American microscopical Society, 25, 45–54.
Forró, L. (1984) Schoedler, J.E.: a short biography and his contributions to cladocerology. Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica, 2, 105–116.
Forró, L., Korovchinsky, N.M., Kotov, A.A. & Petrusek, A. 2008. Global diversity of cladocerans (Cladocera; Crustacea) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 177–184.
Frey, D.G. (1959) The taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of the head pores of the Chydoridae (Cladocera). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 44, 27–50.
Frey, D.G. (1962) Supplement to: The taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of the head pores of the Chydoridae (Cladocera). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 47, 603–609.
Frey, D.G. (1973) Comparative morphology and biology of three species of Eurycercus (Chydoridae, Cladocera), with a description of Eurycercus macracanthus sp. nov. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 58, 221–267.
Frey, D.G. (1982) Cladocera. In: Hurlbert, S.H. & Villalobos-Figueroa, A. (Eds.), Aquatic biota of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. San Diego, California, pp. 177–186.
Fryer, G. (1968) Evolution and adaptive radiation in the Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera): a study in comparative functional morphology and ecology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B, Biological Sciences, 254, 221–385.
Gauthier, H. (1939) Contribution à l'étude de la faune dulçaquicole de la région du Tchad et particulièrement des Branchiopodes et des Ostracodes. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, Sciences Naturelles, 1, 110–244.
Goulden, C.E. & Frey, D.G. (1963) The ocurrence and significance of lateral head pores in the genus Bosmina (Cladocera). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 48, 513–522.
Griggs, J.A., Shiel, R.J. & Croome, R.L. (1999) Australian Chydoridae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anomopoda): taxonomic impediments. In: Ponder, W. & Lunney D. (Eds.), The other 99%. The conservation and Biodiversity of Invertebrates. Zoological Society of New South Wales, New South Wales, pp. 205–209.
Gurney, R. (1904) On a small collection of a freshwater Entomostraca from South Africa. Proceedings of Zoological Society of London, 1904, 2, 298–301.
Gurney, R. (1907) Further notes on Indian freshwater Entomostraca. Records of Indian Museum, 1, 21–33.
Gurney, R. (1916) On some fresh-water Entomostraca from Ceylon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1916, 1, 333–343.
Gurney, R. (1927) Some Australian freshwater Entomostraca reared from dried mud. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1927, 1, 59–79.
Hann, B.J. (1981) Occurrence and distribution of littoral Chydoridae (Crustacea, Cladocera) in Ontario, Canada, and taxonomic notes on some species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1465–1474.
Harding, J.P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329–354.
Harding, J.P. (1961) Some South African Cladocera collected by Dr. A. D. Harrison. Annals of South African Museum, 46, 35–46.
Hellich, B. (1877) Die Cladoceren Böhmens. Archiv fuer die Naturwissenschaftliche Landesdurchforschung von Böhmen, Prag, 3, 1–131.
Herbst, H.V. (1962) Blattfűsskrebse (Phyllopoden: Echte Blattfűsser und Wasserflőhe). Kosmos, Stuttgart, 130 pp.
Hollwedel, W. (1984) Cladocerenfunde in Ungarn mit einer Beschreibung des Männchens von Scapholeberis erinaceus Daday, 1903 (Crustacea: Cladocera). Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica, 2, 65–72.
Hollwedel, W. (1995) Veränderungen der Cladocerenfauna des Feldungelsees in den letzten 25 Jahren. Osnabrücker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 20-21, 375–386.
Hollwedel, W. (2001) Verbreitung der Cladocerenarten auf Usedom im Vergleich mit der Besiedlung anderer Ostseeinseln und der Nordseeinseln. Drosera, 2001, 1-2, 107–115.
Hollwedel, W. (2002) The Cladocera of bomb-crater pools on the East Frisian island of Wangerooge (southern North Sea). Quekett Journal of Microscopy, 39, 397–408.
Hudec, I. (1993) Redescription of Daphnia deserti (Gauthier, 1937) (Crustacea: Daphniiformes: Daphniidae). Hydrobiologia, 264, 153–158.
Ibrasheva, S.I. & Smirnova, V.A. (1983) Cladocerans of Kazakhstan. Mektep Publishing, Alma-Ata, 136 pp. (in Russian)
Infante, A. (1980) Los cladóceros del Lado de Valencia. Acta Científica Venezolana, 31, 593–603.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). (2000) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition. The Natural History Museum, London, 306 pp.
Ishida, S., Kotov, A.A, & Taylor, D.J. (2006) A new divergent lineage of Daphnia (Cladocera: Anomopoda) and its morphological and genetical differentiation from Daphnia curvirostris Eylmann, 1887. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 385–405.
Jeje, C.Y. (1988) Leydigia macrodonta macrodonta Sars, 1916 (Cladocera, Chydoridae) found in Nigeria, West Africa: A redescription. Crustaceana, 54, 113–116.
Jenkin, P.M. (1934) Report on the Percy Sladen Expedition to some Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya in 1929. VI. Cladocera from the Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Tenth Series, 13, 137–160, 281–308.
Jermakov, N.W. (1924) On the ocellus changes in Simocephalus vetulus under influence of darkness and famine. Raboti Volzhskoj biologicheskoj stantsii, 7, 151–173. [in Russian]
Johnson, D.S. (1953) On some Cladocera from South African muds. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Twelfth Series, 6, 923–928.
Keilhack, L. (1909) Phyllopoda. Die Süßwasserfauna Deutschlands, Jena, 10, 1–112.
Kim, K., Kotov, A.A. & Taylor, D.J. (2006) Hormonal induction of undescribed males resolves cryptic species of cladocerans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 273, 141–147.
Kotov, A.A. (1996) Morphology and postembryonic development of males and females of Bosmina longispina Leydig (Crustacea, Anomopoda) from a North Iceland population. Hydrobiologia, 341, 187–196.
Kotov, A.A. (2000a) Analysis of Kozhowia Vasiljeva & Smirnov, 1969 (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), and a description of Parakozhowia n. gen. Hydrobiologia, 437, 17–56.
Kotov, A.A. (2000b) Redescription and assignment of the chydorid Indialona ganapati Petkovski, 1966 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda: Aloninae) to Indialonini, new tribus. Hydrobiologia, 439, 161–178.
Kotov, A.A. (2003) Separation of Leydigia louisi Jenkin, 1934 from L. leydigi (Schoedler, 1863) (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 490, 147–168.
Kotov, A.A. (2006) Adaptations of the Anomopoda (Cladocera) for benthic mode of life. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 85, 1043–1059.
Kotov, A.A. (2007) Revision of the hirsuticornis-like species of Macrothrix Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Macrothricidae) from Subantarctic and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2569–2620.
Kotov, A.A. (2008) Finding of Pleuroxus smirnovi sp. nov. from the Pamir region revealed today's imperfect state of systematics and biogeography of the Chydorinae (Cladocera: Chydoridae). International Revue of Hydrobiology, 93, 200–209.
Kotov, A.A. & Elías-Gutiérrez, M. (2004) Notes on Aloninae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae): 2. Leydigia cf. striata Birabeén, 1939 in South Mexico. Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1–2), 1–6.
Kotov, A.A. & Elías-Gutiérrez, M. (2009) A phylogenetic analysis of Ilyocryptus Sars, 1862 (Cladocera, Ilyocryptidae). International review of Hydrobiology, 94, 208–225.
Kotov, A.A., Elías-Gutiérrez, M. & Nieto, M.G. (2003a) Leydigia louisi louisis Jenkin, 1934 in Neotropics, L. louisi mexicana n. subsp. in Central Mexican highlands. Hydrobiologia, 510, 239–255.
Kotov, A. A., Ishida, S. & Taylor, D.J. (2009) Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae) based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 1–51.
Kotov, A.A., Van Damme, K. & Elías-Gutiérrez, M. (2003b) Differentiation between African Leydigia ciliata Gauthier, 1939 and Neotropical L. cf. striata Birabén, 1939 (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 505, 179–197.
Krasnodebski, F. (1937) Wioslarki (Cladocera) Zahorynia (Polesie). Archiwum Hydrobiologii i Rybactwa, 10, 344–412.
Kurz, W. (1875) Dodekas neuer Cladoceren mebst einer kurzen Übersicht der Cladocerenfauna Böhmens. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Abt. I. Mineralogie, Biologie, Erdkunde und verwandte Wissenschaft, 70, 7–88.
Leonard, A.B. & Ponder, L.H. (1949) Crustacea in Eastern Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 52, 168–204.
Leydig, F. (1860) Naturgeschichte der Daphniden. Laupp and Siebeck, Tübingen, 252 pp.
Lilljeborg, W. (1901) Cladocera Sueciae. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Third Series, 19, 1–701.
Manujlova, E.F. (1964) The cladocerans of fauna of the USSR. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, 88, 1–327. (In Russian)
Margaritora, F.G. (1983) Cladoceri (Crustacea, Cladocera). Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne italiane, Verona, 22, 1–169.
Margaritora, F.G. (1985) Cladocera. Fauna d'ltalia (Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 23, 1–399.
Masson, B. & Amoros, C. (1992) The three-dimensional location of headpores as an additional criterion for the phylogeny of Aloninae (Cladocera, Chydoridae). Crustaceana, 63, 175–184.
Matile, P. (1890) Die Cladocera der Umgegend von Moscou. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, 1890, 1, 104–169.
Methuen, P.A. (1910) On a collection of freshwater Crustacea from the Transvaal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1910, 1, 148–166.
Methuen, P.A. (1911) Transvaal Crustacea. 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 2, 253–256.
Motaş, C. & Orghidan, T. (1948) Quelques Cladocéres recueillis dans l'eau phréatique. Notationes biologicae, Bucarest, 6, 123–129.
Müller, P.E. (1867) Danmarks Cladocera. Naturhistorisk Tidskrift, Koebenhavn, 3, 53–240.
Murugan, N. & Job, S.V. (1982) Laboratory studies on the life cycle of Leydigia acanthocercoides Fisher (1854) (Cladocera: Chydoridae). Hydrobiologia, 89, 9–16.
Nayar, С.К.G. (1971) Cladocera of Rajasthan. Hydrobiologia, 37, 509–519.
Negrea, S. (1983) Cladocera. Fauna Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti. Crustacea, 4, 1–399.
Norman, A.M. & Brady, G.S. (1867) A monograph of the British Entomostraca belonging to the families Bosminidae, Macrothricidae and Lynceidae. Natural History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham, 1, 354–408.
Olivier, S.R. (1962) Los Cladóceros Argentinos, con clave de las spesies, notas biológicas y distribución geográfica. Revista del Museo de La Plata, Nueva Serie, Sección Zoologie, 7, 173–269.
Pennak, R.W. (1953) Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 372 pp.
Pennak, R.W. (1978) Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. Second Edition. Wiley, New York, 803 pp.
Prasad, M.K.D., Santa Kumari, B. & Bose, R.S.C. (1986) Leydigia ankammaraoi sp. nov. (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) from the lower deltaic region of the River Krishna, India, with a key to the Indian species of Leydigia Kurz, 1875. Crustaceana, 50, 99–107.
Prószyńska, M. (1978) Wioślarki Cladocera. Catalogus faunae Poloniae, 12, 1–116.
Rey, J. & Saint-Jean, L. (1969) Les Cladocères (Crustacés, Branchiopodes) du Tchad (Deuxième note). Cahiers O.R S.T.O.M., Série Hydrobiologie, 3, 21–42.
Richard, J. (1897) Entomostracés de l'Amérique du Sud, recueillis par MM. U. Deiters, H. von Inering, G.W. Müller et C.O. Poppe. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France, 10, 263–301.
Sanoamuang, L. (1998) Contributions to the knowledge of the Cladocera of north-east Thailand. Hydrobiologia, 362, 45–53.
Sars, G.O. (188) On some Australian Cladocera, raised from dried mud. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1885, 8, 1–46.
Sars, G.O. (1890) Oversigt af Norges Crustaceer, med foreløbige bemærkninger over de nye eller mindre bekjendte Arter. II. (Branchiopoda - Ostracoda - Cirripedia). Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1890, 1, 1–80.
Sars, G.O. (1895) On some South-African Entomostraca raised from dried mud. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 1895, 8, 1–56.
Sars, G.O. (1903) Fresh-water Entomostraca from China and Sumatra. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, Kristiania, 25, 1–44.
Sars, G.O. (1916) The fresh-water Entomostraca of the Cape Province (Union of South Africa). Part 1: Cladocera. Annals of the South African Museum, 15, 303–351.
Schödler, J.E. (1862) Über die Lynceiden und Polyphemiden der Umgebung Berlins. Jahresbericht über die Dorotheenstädtische Realschule, Berlin, 1862, 1–26.
Schödler, J.E. (1863) Neue Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Cladoceren. Verlag von August Hirschwald, Berlin, 80 pp.
Scourfield, D.J. (1899) The winter eggs of a rare water-flea (Leydigia acanthocercoides). Journal of the Quekket Microscopical Club, Second Series, 7, 171–179.
Scourfield, D.J. (1902) The ephippia of the lynceid Entomostraca. Journal of the Quekket Microscopical Club, Second Series, 8, 217–244.
Scourfield, D.J. & Harding, J.P. (1941) A key to the British species of freshwater Cladocera with notes of their biology. Freshwater Biological Assiciation, Scientific Publications, 5, 1–55.
Scourfield, D.J. & Harding, J.P. (1966) A key to the British freshwater Cladocera, Third Edition. Freshwater British Association, Scientific publication, 5, 1–55.
Shen Chia-Jui & Sung Ta-Hsiang (1962) Faunal studies of the plankton Crustaceans of the San-men-hsia reservoir (before and after filling) on the Yellow River, China. Acta zoologica Sinica, Supplement, 14, 31–52.
Shen Chia-Jui, Sung Ta-Hsiang & Chen Kou-Hsiaao (1964) Studies on the Cladocerans of Peking. Acta zoologica sinica, 16, 210–224.
Shiel, R.J. & Dickson, J.A. (1995) Cladocera recorded from Australia. Transactions of the royal Society of South Australia, 119, 29–40.
Shiel, R.J., Walker, K.F. & Williams, W.D. (1982) Plankton of the Lower River Murray, South Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 33, 301–327.
Sinev, A.Y. (2002) A key to identifying cladocerans of the genus Alona (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) from the Russian European part and Siberia. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 81, 926–939.
Sinev, A.Y. (2004) Armatalona gen. n. - a new genus of subfamily Aloninae (Anomopoda, Chydoridae), separated from genus Alona Baird, 1840. Hydrobiologia, 520, 29–47.
Sinev, A.Y. (2006) Alona meridionalis sp.n. - a new species of Chydoridae (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda) from South Africa, with transverse lateral head pores. Arthropoda Selecta, 15 (3), 193–202.
Sinev A.Y. (2008) A new species related to Alona costata Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 1707, 23–36.
Sinev, A.Y. & Kotov, A.A. (2000) Redescription of Alona labrosa Vasiljeva & Smirnov, 1969 (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Branchiopoda). Hydrobiologia, 439, 125–139.
Sloka, N. (1981) Latvijas kladoceru (Cladocera) fauna un noteičejs. P. Stučkas latvijas Valsts Universitate, Riga, 145 pp.
Smirnov, N.N. (1967) On age morphological changes of males of Chydoridae (Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 30, 555–571.
Smirnov, N.N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world fauna. Fauna SSSR. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 1–531. [in Russian]
Smirnov, N.N. (1992) The Macrothricidae of the world. Guides to the identification of the microivertebrates of the Continental Waters of the world. Vol. 1. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, 143 pp.
Smirnov, N.N. (1995) Check-list of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Arthropoda Selecta, 4 (1), 3–6.
Smirnov, N.N. (2007) Pleuroxus-like chydorids (Crustacea: Anomopoda) from South Africa, with the description of Dumontiellus africanus gen. n., sp. n. Hydrobiologia, 575, 433–439.
Smirnov, N.N. (2008) Check-list of the South-African Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Zootaxa, 1788, 47–56.
Smirnov, N.N., Garcia Ponce, H. & Silva-Briano, M. (2000) Leydigia glabra sp. n. from Nicaragua (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Arthropoda Selecta, 9 (1), 1–3.
Smirnov, N.N., Kotov, A.A. & Coronel, J. (2006) Partial revision of the aduncus-like species of Pleuroxus Baird, 1843 (Chydoridae, Cladocera) from the southern hemisphere with comments of subgeneric differentiation within the genus. Journal of Natural History, 40, 1617–1639.
Smirnov, N.N. & Timms, B.V. (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement, 1, 1–132.
Spandl, H. (1923) Die bei uns vorkommenden Arten des Genus Leydigia Kurz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 61, 27–31.
Šrámek-Hušek, R., Strašcraba, M. & Brtek, J. (1962) Lupenonožci-Branchiopoda. Fauna ČSSR, Praha, 16, 1–472.
Stingelin, T. (1895) Die Cladoceren der Umgebung von Basel. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 3, 161–274.
Swofford, D.L. (1993) PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis Using Parsimony and other methods. Computer programm. Illinois State Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
Tanaka, S. (1989) Occurrence of littoral Chydoridae (Crustacea, Cladocera) in Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education Toyama University, Series B, Natural Sciences, 37, 1–13.
Uéno, M. (1937) Order Branchiopoda (Class Crustacea). Fauna Nipponica, Tokyo, 9, 1–135.
Uéno, M. (1938) Cladocera fauna of Formosa. Bulletin of Biogeographic Society of Japan, 8, 121–132.
Van Damme, K., Chiambeng, G., Maiphae, S. & Dumont, H.J. (2003) New species in the rheophilous genus Nicsmirnovius Chiambeng & Dumont, 1999 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) and reassignment of Alona eximia Kiser, 1948 and Alonella fitzpatricki Chien, 1970. Hydrobiologia, 499, 25–49.
Van Damme, K. & Dumont, H. (2006) Sex in a cyclical parthenogen: mating behaviour of Chydorus sphaericus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anomopoda). Freshwater Biology, 51, 2334–2346.
Van Damme, K. & Dumont, H.J. (2008a) Further division of Alona Baird, 1843: separation and position of Coronatella Dybowski & Grochowski and Ovalona gen.n. (Crustacea: Cladocera). Zootaxa, 1960, 1–44.
Van Damme, K. & Dumont, H.J. (2008b) The ‘true’ genus Alona Baird, 1843 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Anomopoda): position of the A. quadrangularis-group and description of a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Zootaxa, 1943, 1–25.
Van Damme, K., Kotov A.A. & Dumont, H.J. (2005) Redescription of Leydigia parva Daday, 1905 and assignment to Parvalona gen. nov. (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Journal of Natural History, 39, 2125–2136.
Van de Velde, I. (1978) Cladocera and Copepoda from the valley of the River Senegal. Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonaea, 46, 192–201.
Venkataraman, K. (1990a) Scanning electron microscopic observations on the ephippial eggs of Cladocera. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 6, 35–38.
Venkataraman, K. (1990b) SEM in cladoceran taxonomy. Taxonomy in Environment and Biology, Calcutta, pp. 165–175.
Venkataraman, K. & Krishnaswamy, K. (1984) On the occurrence of Leydigia ciliata Gauthier, 1939 (Cladocera, Chydoridae) from Madurai, South India. Current Science, Bangalore, 53, 1097–1098.
Volterra D'ancona, L.V. (1933) Сontributo allo studio dei Cladoceri dell'ltalia centrale. I Cladoceri di un Laghetto dei dintorni de Siena. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 29, 33–72.
Wishart, M.J. & Day, J.A. (2002) Endemism in the freshwater fauna of the south-western Cape, South Africa. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 28, 1762–1766.
Yoon, S.M. & Kim, W. (1993) Redescription of two chydorid species of genus Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Branchiopoda, Anomopoda, Chydoridae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Zoology, 36, 380–390.