Abstract
Trichomycterus trefauti, new species, is described based on eight specimens from the rio S o Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species differs from all other trichomycterine species by the autapomorphic presence of an elliptical, vertically elongated, brown spot, at caudal-fin base, and the combination of homogeneously gray color pattern, first pectoral-fin ray prolonged as a filament, subterminal mouth, two supraorbital pores at interorbital space, caudal fin truncate with attenuated edges, pelvic fins covering anus and urogenital openings, interorbital space very wide (39.8 45.9 % head length), maxillary barbels very long (84.2 93.0 % head length), rictal barbels very long (67.6 74.3 % head length). Systematics, diagnostic features, and putative information on phylogenetic relationships of Trichomycterus species are discussed.References
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