Abstract
A molecular phylogeny for the eastern Atlantic weevil genus Calacalles Peyerimhoff, 1925 is presented, using two mitochondrial genes (CO1 and 16S). Based on a phylogenetic (Bayesian) analysis, we propose the following taxonomic amendments: the new subgenus Nanoacalles subg. n. is described and two new species, Calacalles hermigua sp. n. and Calacalles nataliae sp. n., are described from the Canarian island La Gomera and distinguished from other species of the genus. Calacalles palmensis (Roudier, 1954) (formerly Acalles wollastoni palmensis Roudier, 1954), which is illustrated here for the first time (habitus and aedeagus), is not a synonym of Acalles seticollis Wollaston, 1864, but a valid taxon. Calacalles subcarinatus (Israelson, 1984) from the Azores is assigned to the subgenus Crateracalles Stüben 2004. We also present a catalogue of all known Calacalles species.References
Astrin, J.J., Huber, B.A., Misof, B. & Klütsch, C.F. (2006) Molecular taxonomy in pholcid spiders (Pholcidae, Araneae): evaluation of species identification methods using CO1 and 16S rRNA. Zoologica Scripta, 35, 441–457.
Astrin, J.J. & Stüben, P.E. (2008) Phylogeny in cryptic weevils: molecules, morphology and new genera of western Palaearctic Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 503–522.
Bahr, F. (2000) Die westpaläarktischen Arten des Genus Calacalles Peyerimhoff 1925 stat. n., Teil 1: Europa, Nordafrika und die Kanarischen Inseln (Col.: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae). In: Stüben, P. E. (ed.). Die Cryptorhynchinae der Kanarischen Inseln. Systematik, Ökologie und Biologie. SNUDEBILLER: Studies on Taxonomy, Biology and Ecology of Curculionoidea, 1, 114–136.
Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51–218.
Clark, W.E. (1976) Review of the genus-group taxa included in the genus Tychius Germar. Entomologica Scandinavica, 7, 91–95.
Colonnelli, E. (1984) Due nove specie italiane di Ceutorhynchinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Bollettino dell'Associazione di Entomologia, 37, 41–48.
Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792–1797.
Germann, Ch. & Stüben, P.E. (2006) Neue Erkenntnisse zur Taxonomie, Biologie und Ökologie der Cryptorhynchinae von den Makaronesischen Inseln. 2. Beitrag: Kanaren / La Gomera. SNUDEBILLER: Studies on Taxonomy, Biology and Ecology of Curculionoidea, 7, 161–181.
Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H. & Yano, T. (1985) Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 22, 160–74.
Peyerimhoff, P. de (1925) Les Coléoptères des Euphorbes dans le Maroc occidental (troisième note). Bulletin de la société des sciences naturelles du Maroc, 5, 153–154.
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14, 817–818.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–1574.
Stüben P.E. & Astrin J.J. (in press, 2009) Molecular phylogeny in endemic weevils: revision of the genera of Macaronesian Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
Stüben, P.E. (2004) Die Cryptorhynchinae der Azoren (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). SNUDEBILLER: Studies on Taxonomy, Biology and Ecology of Curculionoidea, 5, 34–59.
Stüben, P.E. (2005) Die Cryptorhynchinae-Fauna der Baleareninsel Mallorca (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). SNUDEBILLER: Studies on Taxonomy, Biology and Ecology of Curculionoidea, 6, 114–130.
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods), Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 142 pp.
Wägele, J.-W. (2005) Foundations of Phylogenetic Systematics. Pfeil, Munich, 365 pp.