Abstract
A new species of endemic, insular Cnemaspis is described from Hon Khoai Island, Ca Mau Province, Ngoc Hien District, 18 km off the southern tip of the Ca Mu Peninsula in southern Vietnam. Cnemaspis psychedelica sp. nov. is the most uniquely colored of all southeast Asian Cnemaspis in that both sexes and all age classes have bright orange forelimbs, forelegs, hands and feet; a bright orange tail; a dense, yellow reticulum on the neck overlying thick, black, longitudinal lines; and a blue-gray to light purple trunk bearing yellow transverse bars on bright-orange flanks. It also differs from all other species of Cnemaspis in aspects of size and squamation. Cnemaspis psychedelica is the third insular endemic species of Cnemaspis from Vietnam and brings the total number of species in Vietnam to six. Its occurrence on one of the 92 islands in Rach Gia Bay underscores the necessity for continued surveys of these poorly known islands that are beginning to show a surprising degree of endemism and diversity.References
The following is an updated and expanded appendix from that of Grismer et al. (2008a) from which the data in Table 1 was generated.
Cnemsapis affinis (Stolickzka 1877): LSUHC 6695, 6758–59, 6773, 6788, 8975, Pulau Penaang, Penang.
Cnemaspis aurantiacopes Grismer & Ngo 2007: LSUHC 9528–29, 9531, 9535, 9539, Vietnam, Kien Giang Prov., Hon Dat Dist., Hon Dat Hill
Cnemaspis baueri Das and Grismer, 2003: ZRC 2.5291 (holotype), ZRC 2.5292–99, LSUHC 3921–24, 4700–01, 4717–29, 4744, 4808, 7272-–74, 7301--–03, 7319, Pulau Aur, Johor, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis bayuensis Grismer, Grismer, Wod, & Chan 2009: LSUHC 9070–74, Gua Bayu, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia.
Cnemaspis biocellata Grismer, Chan, Nurolhuda & Sumontha, 2008: ZRC 2.6693–98, Kulau Perlis, Perlis Malaysia; MS 30, Khao Tohphayawang, Muang Satun, Satun Province, Thailand.
Cnemaspis boulengeri Strauch, 1887: CAS 73745, LSUHC 9542, 9578–79, MCZ 39014-23, Pulo Condore (= Con Dao), Vietnam.
Cnemaspis caudanivea Grismer & Ngo 2007: LSUHC 9544–48, Vietnam, Kien Giang Prov., Kien Hai Dist., Hon Tre Island.
Cnemaspis chanthaburiensis Bauer and Das, 1998: FMNH 215979 (holotype) and FMNH 191479 (paratype), Khao Soi Daouw (Dao) Wildlife Sanctuary, Pongnomron (Pong Nam Ron), Chantaburi (Chanthaburi) Province, Thailand (approximately 13° 00’ N, 102° 05’ E)”; BMNH 1917.5.14.4 (paratype), Chantaburi (Chanthaburi Province), Siam (Thailand); FMNH 215978 (paratype), Khao Khiew (Khieo) Wildlife Sanctuary, Chon Buri Province, Thailand (approximately 13° 14’ N, 101° 08’ E); FMNH 215980 (paratype), Amphoe Muang, Suan Kaset, Chantaburi (Chanthaburi) Province, Thailand (approximately 123°6’ N, 102° 09’ E); LSUHC 7882, Phnom Samkos, Pursat Province, Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia (12º08.817’N, 103º08.067’E);
Cnemaspis dringi Das and Bauer, 1998: FMNH 148588 (holotype), Labang Camp (03º 20’ N; 113º 29’ E), Bintulu District, Fourth Division, Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo; FMNH 221478 (paratype), Sungai Segaham (02º 44’ N; 113º 53’ E), Belaga District, Seventh Division, Sarawak, East Malaysia.
Cnemaspis flavigaster Chan and Grismer, 2008: HC 0082-, 0086, ZRC 2.6708–11 (type series), LSUHC 8835–36, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor; BM 1898.9.22.216, Batu Caves, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia.
Cnemaspis flavolineata (Nicholls 1949): LSUHC 8097, Frazer’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia; LSUHC 9110, 9159–60, HC 303, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis karsticola Grismer, Grismer, Wood, & Chan 2008: LSUHC 9053–56, Gunung Reng, Kelantan, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis kendallii (Gray, 1845): BMNH XXII.92a (lectotype, designated by Dring, 1979), Borneo; FMNH 223201, MCZ 157158-59, Bako National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); FMNH 223201; MCZ 157158-59, Bidi, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); FMNH 184424, Bukit Lanjan, Selangor, West Malaysia; BMNH 1902.12.12.12, Bidi, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); Bau, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); BMNH 1911.1.20.7–9, Bau, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); BPBM 7494, Alag Sungei Ayer, Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC 2.1101, Jerantut, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC 2.1102, Gunung Rokan, Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC 2.1103, Sedagong, Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC 2.1109–10, Pulau Siantan, Anamba, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; ZRC 2.1112–13, Sungei Ulu, Great Natuna, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; ZRC 2.3014, Bukit Timah, Singapore; ZRC 2.3015, Gunung Ladang, Melaka, West Malaysia; USNM 26573, Pulau Bunoa, Tambelan Islands, Indonesia; USNM 26555, St. Barbe Island, Indonesia; USNM 26547–49, Bunguran, Natunas, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; USNM 28145, Pulau Lingung, Natuna, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; USNM 28149, Sirhassen, Natuna, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; also UF 78463, ZSI 14767, and 19637 from Borneo; LSUHC 3773–75, 3797, 3811, 3820, 3841, 3878–88, 4659, 4666, 6213–15, 6218, 6224, Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia; LSUHC 3894, 5056–58, Pulau Tulai, Pahang, West Malaysia; LSUHC 4707, 4756–57, 4765–67 Pulau Tinggi, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 4954, 4958 Sungai Lembing, Pahang, West Malaysia; LSUHC 5184–87, 5198, 5211 Pulau Seribuat, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 5244 Pulau Sembilan, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 5523–24, 5731–34 Pulau Babi Besar, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 5532 Pulau Sibu, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 5703, 5711 Pulau Aceh, Pahang, West Malaysia; LSUHC 5749–52 Pulau Babi Hunjung, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 6380–83 Pulau Ibol, Johor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 6562 Kepong, Selangor, West Malaysia; LSUHC 7691, 8122, 8126, 8191, 8210, Endau-Rompin, Johor, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis kumpoli Taylor 1963: LSUHC 8846–49, 8990–91, Wang Kelian, Perlis.
Cnemaspis limi Das and Grismer, 2003: ZRC 2.5289 (holotype), ZRC 2.3504–06, 2.5290 (paratypes), LSUHC 3801–02, 3859, 3902, 3904, 4410, 4425, 4480–83, 4485–88, 4563–64, 4596, 4604, 4616, 4629, 4655, 5053, 5424, 5441, 5510, 5515, 5518, 5521, 6203, 6206–07, 6210, 6212, 6267 Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis mcguirei Grismer, Grismer, Wood, & Chan 2008: LSUHC 8853–58, 8878, 8896, 8898, 9028–33, 9140, 9209, Bukit Larut, Perak, West Malaysia; DWNP 1239, Gunung Bubu, Perak, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis monachorum Grismer, Norhayati, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood, & Grismer 2009: LSUHC 9113–19, Wat Wanararm, Kedah, Pulau Langkawi, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis nigridius (Smith, 1925): BMNH 1946.8.22.90 (formerly BMNH 1925.9.1.8; holotype), MCZ 39024 and ZRC 2.1114-115, Mt. Gadin (= Gunung Gading, 01º 44’ N; 109º 50’ E, Sarawak, East Malaysia; Borneo); MCZ 15250, Lundu, Sarawak, East Malaysia; BMNH 1925.9.1.9–10, Mt. Pueh, Sarawak, East Malaysia.
Cnemaspis nuicamensis Grismer & Ngo 2007: LSUHC 9549–50, 9552-–93, 9555, Vietnam, An Giang Prov., Tinh Bien Dist., Nui Cam Hill.
Cnemaspis paripari Grismer & Chan 2009: ZRC 2.6812, Gua Pari-pari, Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia; LSUHC 9185, ZRC 2.6813–14, Gua Angin, Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Cnemaspis pemanggilensis Grismer and Das, 2006: ZRC 2.6043 (holotype), ZRC 2.6044–51 (paratypes), LSUHC 4457–58, 4460, 4464, 4470–76, 4495–96, 8011–16, Pulau Pemanggil, Johor, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis perhentianensis Grismer & Chan 2008: LSUHC 8697, 8699, 9060, 9412, Pulau Perhentian Besar, Terengganu, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis pseudomcguirei Grismer, Norhayati, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood, & Grismer 2009: LSUHC 9047, 9145–47, Bukit Larut, Perak, West Malaysia.
Cnemaspis siamensis (Smith, 1925): MCZ 39025, LSUHC 9474, 9485, Maprit, Patiyu, peninsular Thailand; MCZ 39694, Klong Bang Lai, peninsular Thailand.
Cnemaspis tucdupensis Grismer & Ngo 2007: LSUHC 8248, 9560–63, Vietnam, An Giang Prov., Tri Ton Dist., Tuc Dup Hill.