Abstract
Species of the genus Chirothrips Haliday breed and pupate only within grass florets. Each larva is restricted to a single floret, and adult body size is thus presumably related to floret size. Despite this, some Chirothrips species are distinguished only on states that are related to body size. The validity of some commonly recorded members of the C. manicatus species-group, including C. africanus and C. pallidicornis, is therefore considered questionable. Character states that have been used to define the genus Agrostothrips Hood are shown to be variable, and this genus is placed as a new synonym of Chirothrips. An identification key, based on illustrated structural differences, is provided to the Chirothrips known from Iran: C. aculeatus, C. atricorpus, C. kurdistanus, C. manicatus, C. meridionalis and C. molestus.References
Alavi, J. (2000) Faunistic study of Thysanoptera on wheat and barley in Golestan province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Vol. I, Pests, p. 227.
Alavi, J. & Kamali, K. (2003) The fauna of Thysanoptera in Bojnourd region of Khorasan province, Iran. Thrips 2, 25–40.
Amyot, C.J.B. & Audinet-Serville, J.G. (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hémiptères. Paris (France): Fain and Thunot. p. 637–646.
Bagnall, R.S. (1927a) Contributions towards a knowledge of the European Thysanoptera. II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 564–575.
Bagnall, R.S. (1927b) Contributions towards a knowledge of the European Thysanoptera. III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 561–585.
Bejakovich, D., Pearson, W.D. & O’Donnell, M.R. (1998) Nationwide survey of pests and diseases of cereal and grass seed crops in New Zealand. 1, Arthropods and molluscs. Proceedings of 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 38–50.
Bhatti, J.S. (1990) On some genera related to Chirothrips (Insecta: Terebrantia: Thripidae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 2, 194–200.
Bhatti, J.S., Alavi, J., zur Strassen, R. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2009) Thysanoptera in Iran 1938–2007. An Overview. Part 1. Thrips No. 7, 1–172
Doull, K.M. (1956) Thrips infesting cocksfoot in New Zealand II. The biology and economic importance of the cocksfoot thrips Chirothrips manicatus Haliday. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology (A), 38, 56–65.
Girault, A.A. (1927) Thysanoptera Nova Australiensis from Queensland. Privately published, Brisbane, 1p.
Haliday, A.H. (1836) An epitome of the British genera in the order Thysanoptera. Entomological Magazine, 3, 439–451.
Hood, J.D. (1954) A new Chirothrips-like genus of Thysanoptera from South Africa. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine, 49, 1–5.
Ishii, J. & Kadono, Y. (2002) Factors influencing seed production of Phragmites australis. Aquatic Botany, 72, 129–141.
Karny, H. (1910) Neue Thysanopteren der Wiener Gegend. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins an der Universität Wien, 8, 41–57.
Minaei, K., Alichi, M, & Asadi, G.H. (2002) Introduction to species of Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia ) in Shiraz region. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12, 61–66 (in Persian with English Abstract).
Minaei, K. & Mound, L.A. (2008) The Thysanoptera Haplothripini (Phlaeothripidae) of Iran. Journal of Natural History, 42, 2617–2658
Mound, L.A. (1968) A review of R.S. Bagnall's Thysanoptera collections. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Supplement 11, 1–181.
Mound, L.A. (2009) Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World – a checklist. http://www.ento.csiro.au/thysanoptera/worldthrips.html
Mound, L.A. & Palmer, J.M. (1972) Grass-flower infesting thrips of the genus Chirothrips Haliday in Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 11, 332–339.
Priesner, H. (1925) Thysanopterologica I. Zoologisches Jahrbucher, 50, 305–319.
Priesner, H. (1926) Die Thysanopteren Europas . Abteilung I–II, 1–342. F. Wagner verlag, Wien.
Priesner, H. (1932) Contribution towards a knowledge of the Thysanoptera of Egypt, VII. Bulletin de la Société Royal Entomologique d'Egypte, 16, 45–51.
Rao, S. & Alderman, S.C. (2005) Infestation of Bent Grass by a New Seed Pest, Chirothrips manicatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Oregon. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 102, 77–78.
Watts, J.G. (1966) Chirothrips falsus on Black Grama Grass. Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, New Mexico State University, 499, 1–20.
zur Strassen, R. (1967) New locality records and a new species of Chirothrips Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 69, 47–52.
zur Strassen, R. (1975) Thysanopterologische Notizen (3) (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Senckenbergiana biologica 56, 75–88.
zur Strassen, R. (2003a) Die terebranten Thysanopteren Europas und des Mittelmeer-Gebietes. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 74, 1–277.
zur Strassen, R. (2003b) Records of some Thysanoptera from Iran. Thysanoptera, 2, 11–14.
zur Strassen, R. & van Harten. A. (2008) Order Thysanoptera. Arthropod fauna of the UAE, 1, 133–152.