Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2010-05-14
Page range: 1–135
Abstract views: 569
PDF downloaded: 4

The Fishes of the Red Sea—Reappraisal and Updated Checklist

Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
Station of Naturalists, Omsk, Russia
Pisces Fish Red Sea

Abstract

A new and updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea is presented. A total of 1078 species belonging to154 families, 25 orders and two classes are listed. The number of species is considerably lower than that given in the last checklist (CLOFRES II, Goren and Dor, 1994) which included all records, "quotations" and distribution maps without distinguishing between substantiated and unsubstantiated records. In addition, an annotated list is provided for all those species that were recorded unjustifiably and were included in CLOFRES II and in subsequent publications.

References

  1. Abel, B.F. (1960) Zur Kenntnis des Verhaltens und der Ökologie von Fischen an Korallenriffen bei Ghardaqa (Rotes Meer). Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 49, 430–503.

    Abu El-Regal, M. & Kon, T. (2008) First record of the paedomorphic fish Schindleria (Gobioidae, Schindleriidae) from the Red Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 72, 1539–1543.

    Anderson, M.E. (2005) Three new species of Microbrotula (Teleostei: Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 1006, 33–42.

    Allen, G.R. (1984) Lutjanidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi, G. (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. FAO, Rome.

    Allen, G.R. (1985) FAO species catalogue. Vol 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish Synopsis, 125, vol. 6. 208 pp.

    Allen, G.R. (1991) Damselfishes of the World. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany, 271 pp.

    Allen, G.R. & Randall J.E. (1980) A review of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) of the Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 29, 1–98.

    Allen, G.R. & Randall, J.E. (2002) A review of the leucogaster species complex of the Indo-Pacific pomacentrid genus Amblyglyphidodon; descriptions of two new species. Aqua 5(4), 139–152.

    Allen, G., Steene, R. & Allen, M. (1998) A Guide to Angelfishes & Butterflyfishes. Perth, Odyssey Publishing/Tropica Reef Research. 249 pp.

    Allen, G., Steene, R., Humann, P. & Deloach, N. (2003) Reef Fish Identification, Tropical Pacific. New World Publications Inc. Jacksonville, Florida. 457 pp.

    Allen, G.R. & Talbot, F.H. (1985) Review of the snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) from the Indo-Pacific with the description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 11, 1–87.

    Amaoka, K., Mihara, E. & Rivaton, J. (1993) Pisces, Pleuronectiformes: Flatfishes from the waters around New Caledonia. - A revision of the genus Engyprosopon..In: Crosnier, A. (ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 22. Mémoirs du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle. 158, 377–426.

    Anderson, M.E. (2005) Three new species of Microbrotula (Teleostei: Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 1006, 33–42.

    Anderson, M.E. & Heemstra, P.C. (2003) Review of the glassfishes (Perciformes: Ambassidae) of the western Indian Ocean. Cybium, 27, 199–209.

    Arai, M. &. Amaoka, K. (1996) Arnoglossus macrolophus Alcock (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae); a valid species distinct from A. tapeinosomus (Bleeker). Ichthyological Research 43, 359–365.

    Baker, E.A. & Collett, B.B. (1998) Mackerel from the northern Indian Ocean and the Red Sea are Scomber australasicus, not Scomber japonicus. Ichthyological Research. 45, 29–33.

    Bambrer, R.C. (1915) Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S. XXII The Fishes. Journal of the Linnaean Society (Zoology) 31 (210), 477–485.

    Baranes, A. (2005) Note on the occurrence of two rare triggerfishes (Balistidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. Cybium, 29, 407–409.

    Baranes, A. & Golani, D. (1993) An annotated list of deep-sea fishes collected in the northern Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba. Israel Journal of Zoology. 39, 299–336.

    Bath, H. (1983) Revision der Gattung Antennablennius Fowler 1931 mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art und Untersuchung der taxonomischen Stellung von Antennablennius anuchalis Springer & Spreitzer 1978. (Pisces: Blennidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 64(1–3), 47–80.

    Bauchot, M.L. & Hureau, J.C. (1986). Sparidae. In: Whitehead P.J.P., Bauchot M.L., Hureau J.C., Nielsen J. & Tortonese E. (Eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Paris,UNESCO, pp. 883–907.

    Bauchot, M.L. & Maugé, L.A. (1978) Première capture d'un Thamnaconus dans le golfe d'Aqaba: Thamnaconus modestoides erythraeensis n. ssp. (Pisces, Monacanthidae). Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Ser. 3 e (520), Zoologie, 356, 539–545.

    Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. (1984) Sparidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. FAO, Rome.

    Bayoumi, A.R. (1972) Recent biological investigations in the Red Sea along the A.R.E. coasts. 1. On some demersal fishes of economic importance from the Red Sea, with notes on migration of fish through the Suez Canal. Bulletin of the Institute of Occeanography and Fishery, Cairo, 2, 157–183.

    Bayoumi, A.R. & Gohar, H.A.F. (1967) Morphological studies on the air bladder in some fishes from the Red Sea. Proceedings of the Egyptian Academy of Sciences (Cairo) 20, 79–89.

    Belyanina, T.N. (1974) Material on the development, systematics and distribution of fishes of the family Bregmacerotidae. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, Akademiia nauk SSSR, 100, 143–179. (in Russian).

    Ben-Tuvia, A. (1968) Report on the fisheries investigations of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962. Bulletin of the Sea Fishery Research Station Israel. 52, 21–55.

    Ben-Tuvia, A. (1975) Mugilid fishes of the Red Sea with key to the Mediterranean and Red Sea species. Bamidgeh, 27 (1), 14–20.

    Ben-Tuvia, A. (1993). A review of the Indo-West Pacific congrid fishes of the genera Rhynchoconger and Bathyconger with the description of three new species. Israel Journal of Zoology, 39, 349–370.

    Ben-Tuvia, A., Diamant, A., Baranes, A. & Golani, D. (1983) Analysis of a coral reef community in the shallow waters of Nuweiba, Red Sea. Bulletin of the Institute of Ocenography and Fishery, Cairo, 9, 193–206.

    Ben-Tuvia, A. & Steinitz, H. (1952) Report on a collection of fishes from Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba). Bulletin of the Sea Fishery Research Station Israel. 2, 1–12.

    Bertin, L. (1939) Catalogue des types de poissons du Muséum Natural d'Histoire Cyclostomes et Selaciens. Bulletin du Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Ser. 2 e, 11 (1), 51–98.

    Bertin, L. (1943) Les Clupeiformes du canal de Suez comparés à ceux de la Mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. Bulletin du Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Ser. 2 e, 15, 386–391.

    Bleeker, P. (1851) Over eenige nieuwe soorten van Belone en Hemiramphus van Java. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 1: 93–95

    Blegvad, H. (1944) Fishes of the Iranian Gulf. Einer Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 247 pp.

    Böhlke, E. (1997) Note on the identity of elongated unpatterned Indo-Pacific morays, with description of a new species (Muraenidae, subfamily Muraninae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 147, 89–109.

    Böhlke, E. (2000) Notes on the idenity of small, brown, unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with description of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Pacific Science, 54(4), 395–416.

    Böhlke, E. & McCosker, J.E. (2001) The moray eels of Australia and New Zealand with description of two new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 53, 71–102.

    Böhlke, E. B. & Smith, D.G. (2002) Type catalogue of Indo-Pacific Muraenidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 152, 89–172.

    Bonfil, R. & Abdallah, M. (2004) Field Identification Guide to the Sharks and Rays of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. FAO, Rome. 71pp +XII plates.

    Borodin, N. A. 1928. Scientific results of the Yacht “Ara” Expedition during the years 1926 to 1928, while in command of William K. Vanderbilt. Fishes. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Oceanographic Museum, 1:11–37.

    Borsieri, C. (1904) Contribuzione alla conoscenza della fauna ittiologica della Colonia Eritrea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genova, Ser. 3, 1, 187–220.

    Botros, G.A. (1971) Fishes of the Red Sea. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 9, 221–348.

    Brüss, R. (1986) Two new species of Uranoscopus Linnaeus, 1758, from the Red Sea: U. dollfusi n. sp. and U. bauchotae n. sp. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4 sér. 8, 955–967.

    Budker, P & Fourmanoir, P. (1954) Poissons de la mer Rouge et du Golfe de Tadjoura (Missions Budker: 1938–39 et Chédeville: 1953 Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 26 (3), 322–325.

    Carpenter, K.E. (1984) Caesionidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 1. Rome, FAO.

    Carpenter, K.E. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 8. Fusilier fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Caesionid species known to date. Fish Synopsis (125) Vol. 8, Rome, FAO. 75 pp.

    Carpenter, K.E. & Allen, G.R. (1989) FAO species catalogue. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Lethrinidae species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125. Vol. 9. Rome FAO. 118 pp.

    Carvalho, M.R.de, Stehmann, M.F.W. & Manilo, L.G. (2002) Torpedo adenensis, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). American Museum Novitates, 3369, 1–34.

    Castle, P.H.J. (1968) The congrid eels of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin Rhodes University, 33, 685–726.

    Castle, P.H.J., (1984) Ophichthidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. Rome, FAO.

    Castle, P.H.J. (1986) Congridae. In: Smith, M.M. and Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.) Smith Sea Fishes. . Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. pp161–165.

    Castle, P.J. & McCosker, J.E. (1999) A new genus and two new species of myrophine worm-eels, with comments on Muraenichthys and Scolecenchelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 51, 113–122.

    Castle, P.H.J. & Randall, J.E.(1999) Revision of Indo-Pacific garden eels (Congridae: Heterocongriae), with description of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 30, 1–52.

    Chabanaud, P. (1942) XVII Additions à la faune de la mer Rouge. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco, 14(6), 396–402.

    Chabanaud, P. (1947) Notules Ichtyologiques. XXX. Additions à la faune de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 19(2), 156–157.

    Chabanaud, P. (1951) Definition et nomenclature des morphes pleurogramiques de Cynoglossidae. Revision de quarte espèces du genre Cynoglossus (suite et fin). Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Ser. 2, 23(1), 77–81.

    Chabanaud, P. (1968) Description d'un nouveau Laeops (Pleuronectiformes Bothidae) de la Mer Rouge (Mission R. Ph. Dollfus). Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Ser. 2, 39 (5), 838–845.

    Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J.S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepède 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1–11.

    Chakrabarty, P., Amarasinghe, T. & Sparks, J.S. (2009) Redescription of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae) of Sari Lanka and the status of Aurigequula Fowler, 1918. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science), 37(2), 143–161.

    Clark, E., Ben-Tuvia, A. & Steinitz, H. (1968) Observations on a coastal fish community, Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea. Bulletin of the Sea Fishery Research Station, Haifa, 49, 15–31.

    Clark, E & Gohar, H.A.F. (1953) The fishes of the Red Sea: Order Plectognathi. Publications of the Marine Biology Station, Ghardaqa, 8, 1–80.

    Collette, B.B. (1999) Hemiramphidae. Halfbeaks. In: Carpenter, K.E. &. Niem, V. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Vol. 4. Bony fishes, part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2180–2196

    Collette, B.B. &. Nauen C.E. (1983) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.

    Collette, B.B. & Parin, N.V. (1970) Needlefishes (Belonidae) of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Atlantide Report 11, 1–60.

    Compagno, L.J.V. (1983). Sharks, rays and chimaeras. In: Eschmeyer, W.N, Herald, E.S.& Hamman, H. (Eds.), A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 13–59.

    Compagno, L.J.V. (1984a) Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1, Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Species Catalogue . Vol.4, Part 1. Rome, FAO of the United Nations. 249 pp.

    Compagno, L.J.V. (1984b) Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol.4, Part 2. Rome, FAO of the United Nations. pp 251–655.

    Compagno, L.J.V. (1999). Checklist of the living elasmobranch. In: Hamlett, W.C. (Ed.), Sharks, skates and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. John Hopkins University Press. Maryland. pp.471–498.

    Compagno, L.J.V. (2001) Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobifirmes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1 Vol. 2. Rome, FAO.

    Compagno, L.J.V. & Last, P.R. (1999) Myliobatidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Rome, FAO, pp. 1511–1523.

    Compagno, L. J. V., Last, P. R. Last, Stevens, J.D. & Alava, M. N. R. (2005). Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratory Report No. 243. 103 pp.

    Corsini, M., Margies, P., Kondilatos, G. & Economidis, P.S. (2005) Lessepsian migration of fish to the Aegean Sea: first record of Tylerius spinosissimus (Tetraodontidae) from the Mediterranean, and six more fish records from Rhodes. Cybium, 29, 347–354.

    Cressey, R. & Waples, R.S. (1984). Synodontidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. FAO, Rome.

    Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1828–1849) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Paris-Strasbourg, 22 vols.

    Dafni, J. & Diamant, A. (1984) School-oriented mimicry, a new type of mimicry in fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 20, 45–50.

    D'Ancona, U. (1928). Murenoidi (Apoes) del Mar Rosso e del Golfo di Aden. Materiali raccolti dal Prof. Luigi Sanzo nella Campagna della R. N. “Ammiraglio Magnaghi” 1923–24. Memoire, Real Comitato Talassografico Italiano. 146 p.

    Day, F. (1875–78) [+ 1888 Supplement]. The Fishes of India, being a Natural History of the Fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh water of India, Burma and Ceylon. London.

    Day, F. (1889) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Fishes. London. Vol.1, 548+XVIII pp., Vol. 2, 509+XIV pp.

    Dawson, C.E. (1985) Indo-Pacific Pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 230 pp.

    Debelius, H. (1998) Red Sea Reef Guide. IKAN Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt am Main. 319 pp.

    Demidov, V.F. & Viskrebentsev, B.F. (1970) The distribution and some biological features of the main commercial ichthyofauna in the north-west part pf the Red Sea. Trudy Azovo-Cernomorskij Naucno-Issledovatel'skij Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Chozjajstva i Okeanografii, 30, 30–113. (Russian with English summary)

    Doiuchi, R. & Nakabo, T. (2005) The Sphyraena obtusata group (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae) with a description of a new species from southern Japan. Ichthyological Research, 25, 132–151.

    Dor, M. (1970) Nouveaux poissons pour la faune de la mer Rouge. Bulletin of the Sea Fishery Research Station, Israel. 54, 7–28.

    Dor, M. (1984) CLOFRES: Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem. 437 pp.

    Dor, M & Fraser-Brunner, A. (1977) Record of Hemipteronotus melanopus (Teleostei: Labridae) from the Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 26, 135–136.

    Duméril, A.H.A. (1865–1870) Histoire naturelle des poissons, ou Ichthyologie générale. Paris. Vol. 1, 720 pp, Vol. 2, 624 pp.

    Eschmeyer, W.N. (1998). Catalog of fishes. 3 volumes. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. 2905 pp.

    Eschmeyer, W.M. & Fricke, R. (2009) Catalog of fishes electronic version (9 September 2009). Internet publication, San Francisco (California Academy of Sciences). http://research.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/Catalog/fishcatmain.asp.

    Feltes, R.M.. (2001) Polynemidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 5. Rome, FAO, pp. 3090–3116.

    Fourmanoir, P. (1967). Nouvelle détermination proposée pour un Apogonidae de la mer Rouge et de l'Océan Indien. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Série 2) v. 39 (núm. 2), 265–266.

    Fowler, H.W. (1903). Descriptions of several fishes from Zanzibar Island, two of which are new. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 55, 161–176.

    Fowler, H.W. (1931) The fishes of the families Pseudochromidae, Lobotidae …and Teraponidae, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer " Albatross", chiefly in Philippine Seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United.States National Museum (100) 11, 388+IX pp.

    Fowler, H.W. (1941). The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas; Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (100), 13, 879+X pp.

    Fowler, H.W. (1945) The fishes of the Red Sea. Sudan Notes and Records, 26, 113–137.

    Fowler, H.W. (1956) Fishes of the Red Sea and Southern Arabia. 1. Branchiostomida to Polynemida. The Weizmann Science Press of Israel, Jerusalem. 240 pp.

    Fowler, H.W. & Bean, B.A. (1928) The fishes of the families Pomacentridae, Labridae, and Callyodontidae, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross", chiefly in the Philippine seas and adjacent waters; Contributions to the biology of the Philippine archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (100), 7, 525+VIII pp

    Fowler, H.W. & Bean, B.A. (1929) The fishes of the series Capriformes, Ephippiformes, and Squamipennes, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross", chiefly in the Philippine seas and adjacent waters; Contributions to the biology of the Philippine archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (100), 8, 352+XI pp.

    Fowler, H.W. & Bean, B.A. (1930).The fishes of the families Amiidae, Chandidae, Duleidae, and Serranidae, obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas; Contributions to the biology of the Philippine archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (100) 10, 334+IX pp.

    Fowler, H.W. & Steinitz, H. (1956). Fishes from Cyprus, Iran, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 5B(3–4), 260–292.

    Fraser, T.H. (2008) Cardinalfishes of the genus Nectamia (Apogonidae, Perciformes) from the Indo-Pacific region with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 1691, 1–52.

    Fraser, T.H., Randall, J.E. & Lachner, E.A. (1999) A review of the Red Sea cardinalfishes of the Apogon bandanensis complex, with a description of a new species. Special Publication, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 63, 1–13.

    Fraser, T.H. & Allen, G.R. (2010) Cardinalfish of the genus Apogonichthyoides Smith, 1949 (Apogonidae) with a description of a new species from the West-Pacific region. Zootaxa, 2348, 40–56.

    Fricke, R. (1994) Tripterygiid fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the Southern Pacific Ocean with description of 2 new genera and 16 new species (Teleostei). Koeltz Scientific Book, Koenigstein: ix, 585 pp.

    Fricke, R. (1997) Tripterygiid fishes of the western and central Pacific, with descriptions of 15 new species, including an annotated checklist of world Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein: iii–ix, 607 pp.

    Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31, 759 pp.

    Fricke, R. (2005) Types in the fish collection of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, described in 1845–2004. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, (A) 684, 1–95.

    Fricke, R. (2008) Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabriciusin the ‘Descriptiones animalium’ by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde (A), Neue Serie 1: 1–76

    Frøiland, Ø. (1972) The scorpaenids of the Red Sea (Pisces: Scorpaenidae), a taxonomical and zoogeographical study. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bergen, 160 pp.

    Fuchs, T. (1901) Über den Charakter der Tiefseefauna des Roten Meeres auf Grund der von den Österreichischen Tiefsee-Expedition gewonnenen Ausbeute. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 110(1), 249–258.

    Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. (1817) Poissons de la Mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée In: Description de l'Égypte…. Paris, Planches Histoire Naturelle, 1, Poissons. Pls 18–27.

    Gibbs, R.H., Jr. (1984). Chauliodontidae. In: Whitehead P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. 1, UNESCO, Paris. pp. 336–337

    Gill, A.C. (2004) Revision of the Indo-Pacific dottyback fish subfamily Pseudochromidae (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae). Smithiana Monograph, 1–213.

    Gill, A.C. & Edwards, A.J. (2004) Revision of the Indian Ocean dottyback fish genera Chlidichthys and Pectinochromis (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae: Pseudoplesiopinae). Smithiana, Publication in Aquatic Biodiversity, 3, 46 pp.

    Gill, A.C. & Randall, J.E. (1997) Redescription of and lectotype designation for Balistes macrolepis Boulenger, 1887, a senior synonym of Canthidermis longirostris Tortonese, 1954 and C. villosus Fedoryako, 1979 (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes, Balistidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 63, 27–31.

    Gmelin, J.F. (1789) Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis Locis. 13th ed., 3 vols in 9 parts. Lipsiae, Pisces, 1(3), 1126–1516.

    Gohar, H.A.F & Mazhar, F.M. (1964) The Elasmobranchs of the north-western Red Sea. Publications of the Marine Biology Station Ghardaqa, 13, 3–144.

    Golani, D. (1984) The squirrelfish Ostichthys hypsipterygion sufensis, a new subspecies from the Red Sea (Holocentridae; Pisces). Cybium, 8, 97–102.

    Golani, D. (1993) The sandy shore of the Red Sea - launching pad for Lessepsian (Suez Canal) migrant fish of the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Biogeography. 20, 579–585.

    Golani, D. (1999) The Gulf of Suez ichthyofauna – assemblage pool for Lessepsian migration into the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 45, 79–90.

    Golani, D. (2001) Upeneus davidaromi, a new deepwater goatfish (Osteichthyes, Mullidae) from the Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47, 117–127.

    Golani, D., Appelbaum-Golani, B & Gon, O. (2008) Apogon smithi (Kotthaus, 1970) (Teleostei: Apogonidae), a new Red Sea cardinalfish colonizing the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 72, 1534–1538.

    Golani, D. & Baranes, A. (1997) A new deepwater gurnard, Pterygotrigla spirai, from the northern Red Sea (Osteichthyes: Triglidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 185–195.

    Golani, D. & Lerner, A. (2007) A long-term study of the sandy shore ichthyofauna in the northern Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba) with reference to adjacent mariculture activity. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, suppl. 14, 255–264.

    Golani, D., Orsi-Relini, L., Massuti, E. & Quignard, J.P. (2002) CIESM atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean. Vol.1. Fishes. Briand, F. (Ed.) CIESM Publications, Monaco, 256 pp.

    Gon, O. (1993) Revision of the cardinalfish genus Cheilodipterus (Perciformes: Apogonidae), with description of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 22, 1–59.

    Gon, O. (1986) Apogonidae. In: M.M. Smith & P.C. Heemstra (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg, Macmillan South Africa. pp. 547–557.

    Gon, O. (2000) The taxonomic status of the cardinalfish species Apogon niger, A. nigripinnis, A. pharaonis, A. sialis and related species (Perciformes: Apogonidae). Special Publication of the J.L B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 65, 1–20.

    Gon, O. & Golani, D. (2002) A new species of the cardinalfish genus Gymnapogon (Perciformes, Apogonidae) from the Red Sea. Ichthyological Research, 49, 346–349.

    Gon, O. & Randall, J.E. (1995) Description of three new species of the cardinalfish genus Archamia (Prerciformes: Apogonidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 41, 539–550.

    Gon, O. & Randall, J.E. (2003a) A review of the cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Red Sea. Smithiana Bulletin (The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. Grahamstown) 1, 1–46.

    Gon, O. & Randall, J.E. (2003b) Revision of the Indo-Pacific Cardinalfishes genus Archamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae) with description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 35, 1–49 + III plates.

    Goren, M. (1979) The Gobiinae of the Red Sea (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 60 (1–2), 13–64.

    Goren, M. (2008) The fish of the Red Sea: history of research, biogeography and biodiversity. In: Por, D. (Ed.) Aqaba-Eilat, the Improbable Gulf. Environment, Biodiversity and Preservation. Magnes Press, Jerusalem. pp. 243–253.

    Goren, M. & Baranes, A. (1995) Priolepis goldshmidtae (Gobiidae), a new species from the deep water of the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Cybium, 19, 343–347.

    Goren, M. & Dor, M. (1994) An Updated Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea – CLOFRES II. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem and Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Elat. 120 pp.

    Goren, M. & Karplus, I. (1980) Fowleria abocellata, a new cardinal fish from the Gulf of Elat, Red Sea (Pisces: Apogonidae). Zoölogische Mededelingen Leiden, 55(20), 231–234.

    Gruvel, A. & Chabanaud, P. (1937) Missions A. Gruvel dans le Canal de Suez. II. Poissons. Memoires Institut d' Egypte, 35, 1–30.

    Günther, A. (1859) Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Volume1. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. London. 524+XXXI pp.

    Günther, A. (1862) Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Museum. (Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian fishes. Volume 4.) London, 534+XXI pp.

    Günther, A. (1873–1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, Fasc. XV (7): 217–256.

    Halstead, B.W. (1970) Poisonous and venomous marine animal of the world. The Darwin Press, Priston, 1043+283 plates pp.

    Hardy, G.S. (1984) Tylerius, a new generic name for the Indo-Pacific pufferfish, Sphoeroides spinosissimus Regan, 1908 (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) and comparisons with Amblyrhychotes (Bibron) Duméril. Bulletin of Marine Sciences, 35, 32–37.

    Hardy, G.S. & Hutchins, B. (1984) Tetraodontidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. FAO, Rome.

    Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. (1999) Mugilidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Nien, V.H. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Rome, FAO. pp. 2069–2108.

    Hastings, P.A. & Springer, V.G. (2009) Recognizing diversity in blennioid fish nomenclature (Teleostei: Blennioidei). Zootaxa, 2120, 3–14.

    Heemstra, P.C. (1984a) Caproidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 1. FAO, Rome.

    Heemstra, P.C. (1984b) Menidae. In: Fischer W. & Bianchi G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. FAO, Rome.

    Heemstra, P.C. (1984c) Mugiloididae. In: W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. FAO, Rome.

    Heemstra, P.C. (1986a) Pempheridae. In: M.M. Smith & P.C. Heemstra (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg, Macmillan South Africa. pp. 668–669.

    Heemstra, P.C. (1986b) Cynoglossidae. In: M.M. Smith & P.C. Heemstra (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg, Macmillan South Africa. pp. 865–868.

    Heemstra, P.C. (1995) Synodontidae. In: M.M. Smith & P.C. Heemstra (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes (2nd edition). Johannesburg, Macmillan South Africa. pp. 270–273.

    Heemstra, P.C. & Golani, D. (1993) Clarification of the Indo-Pacific groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 39, 381–390.

    Heemstra, P.C. & Gon, O. (1986) Soleidae. In: M.M. Smith & P.C. Heemstra (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg, Macmillan South Africa. pp. 868–874.

    Heemstra, P.C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and National Inquiry Service Center (NISC). Grahamstown, 488 pp.

    Heemstra, P.C. & Randall, J.E. (1993) FAO species catalogue. Vol.16. Groupers of the world. (Family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the groupers, rockcod hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fisheris Synopsis, 125(16), 1–382 +31 pl.

    Heemstra, P.C. & Randall, J.E. (2009) A review of the anthiine fish genus Plectranthias (Perciformes: Serranidae) of the western Indian Ocean, with description of a new species, and a key to the apecies. Smithiana Bulletin, 10, 3–17.

    Hensley, D.A. (1993) Two new flatfish records from the Red Sea, an Indo-Pacific samarid (Samariscus inornatus) and the European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Israel Journal of Zoology, 39, 371–379.

    Hensley, D.A. & Amaoka, K. (2001) Bothidae. In: FAO species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 6. Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.). 3799–3841 pp.

    Hensley, D.A. & Randall, J.E. (1990) A redescription of Engyprosopon macrolepis (Teleostei: Bothidae). Copeia 1990 (3), 674–680.

    Herler, J. & Hilgers, H. (2005) A synopsis of coral and coral-rock associated gobies (Pisces: Gobiidae) from Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. Aqua, 10 (3), 103–132.

    Hoese, D.F. (1986) Gobiidae. In: Smith Sea Fishes. Smith, M.M. and Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.). Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. pp. 774–807.

    Hoese. D.F. & Larson, H.K. (1994) Revision of the Indo-Pacific gobiid fish genus Valenciennea, with description of seven new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 23, 1–71.

    Holleman, W. (2005) A review of the triplefin fish genus Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae) in the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, 5, 1–25 + 2 plates.

    Hutchins, J.B. (1984) Monacanthidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. FAO, Rome.

    Hutchins, J.B. (1997) Review of the monacanthid fish genus Paramonacanthus, with descriptions of three new species. Records of the Western Australia Museum (Suppl.) 54, 1–57.

    Hutchins, J.B. & Swainston, R. (1985) Revision of the monacanthid fish genus Brachaluteres. Records of the Western Australia Museum 12(1), 57–78.

    Ida, H., Sirimontaporn, P. & Monkolprasit, S. (1994) Comparative morphology of the fishes of the family Ammodytidae, with description of two new genera and two new species. Zoological Studies, 33(4), 251–277.

    Inoue, T. & Nakabo, T. (2006) The Saurida undosquamis group (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae), with description of a new species from southern Japan. Ichthyological Research, 53, 379–397.

    Ivantsoff, W. (1984) Atherinidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 1. FAO, Rome.

    Iwatsuki, Y. & S. Kimura, (1997) Gerres methueni Regan, 1920, a senior synonym of G. rappi (Barnard, 1927) (Perciformes: Gerreidae). Ichthyological Research, 44, 1–7.

    Iwatsuki, Y., Kimura, S., Kishimoto, H. & Yoshino, T. (1996) Validity of the gerrid fish, Gerres macracanthus Bleeker, 1854, with designation of lectotype, and designation of a neotype for G. filamentosus Cuvier, 1829. Ichthyological Research, 43, 417–429.

    Iwatsuki, Y., Kimura, S. & Yoshino, T. (1999) Redescription of Gerres bacoensis (Evermann & Seale, 1907), G. equulus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 and G. oyena (Forsskål, 1775), including in the "G. oyena complex" with notes on the related species (Perciformes: Gerridae). Ichthyological Research, 46, 377–395.

    Iwatsuki, Y., Kimura, S. & Yoshino, T. (2001) Redescription of Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) and Gerres oblongus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830, included in the Gerres longimanus complex (Perciformes: Gerridae). Copeia, 2001 (4), 954–965.

    Jaafar, Z. & Randall, J.E. (2009). A pictorial review and key to the shrimp gobies of the genus Amblyeleotris of the Red Sea, with description of a new species. Smithiana Bulletin 10, 23–29.

    James, P.S.B.R. (1984) Leiognathidae. In: W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2 . Rome, FAO.

    Joglekar, A. (1970) Aseraggodes steinitzi, a new sole from the Red Sea. Journal of Marine Biology Association of India. 12(1), 166–170.

    Karmovskaya, E.S. (1994) Systematics and distribution of the eel genus Gavialiceps (Congridae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of Ichthyology, 34(3), 73–89.

    Kaup, J.J. (1856) Catalogue of the lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum. London, 80+IV pp.

    Khalaf, M. (2004) Fish fauna of the Jordanian coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University Marine Science, 15, 23–50.

    Khalaf, M.A. (2005) Five addition records of fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, including Mola mola (Forskål, 1775), new for the Red Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 34, 45–52.

    Khalaf, M.A. & Disi, A.M. (1997) Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station, Aqaba. 252 pp.

    Khalaf, M.A., Disi, A.M & Krupp, F. (1996) Four new records of fishes from the Red Sea. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 15,402–406.

    Khalaf, M.A. & Krupp, F. (2003) Two new records of fishes from the Red Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 30, 55–59.

    Khalaf, M.A. & Krupp, F. (2008) A new species of the genus Symphysanodon (Perciformes: Symphysanodontidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 14, 85–88.

    Khalaf, M. & Zajonz, U. (2007) Fourteen addition fish species recorded from below 150 m depth in the Gulf of Aqaba, including Liopropoma lunulatum (Pisces: Serranidae), new record for the Red Sea. Fauna of Arabia, 23, 421–433.

    Kiflawi, M., Belmaker, J., Brokovich, E., Einbinder, S. & Holzman, R. (2006) The determinants of species richness of a relatively young coral-reef ichthyofauna. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1289–1294.

    Kimura, S., Golani, D., Iwatsuki, Y., Tabuchi, M. & Yoshino T. (2007) Redescriptions of the Indo-Pacific atherinid fishes Atherinomorus forskalii, Atherinomorus lacunosus and Atherinomorus pinguis. Ichthyological Research, 54, 145–159.

    Kishimoto, H. (2001) Uranoscopidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 6. Rome, FAO. pp. 3519–3531.

    Klausewitz, W. (1960) Systematisch-evolutive Untersuchungen über die Abstammung einiger Fische des Roten Meeres. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft Münster 1059. Zoologischer Anzeige,. (Supplement) 23, 175–182.

    Klausewitz, W. (1962) Taxionomische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Gomphosus (Pisces, Percomorphi, Labridae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 43(1), 11–16.

    Klausewitz, W. (1964a) Die Erforschung der Ichthyofauna des Roten Meeres. 5–36. Weinheim (Foreword to a reprint of Klunzinger, C.B. [1870–871] Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres., Cramer (Reprint).

    Klausewitz, W. (1964b) Fische aus dem Roten Meer. VI. Taxionomische und ökologische Untersuchungen an einigen Fischarten der Küstenzone. Senckenbergiana biologica 45 (2), 123–144.

    Klausewitz W. (1994) Tiefenwasser-und Tiefseefische aus dem Roten Meer. XVIII. Description of the adult stage of the deepsea eel Facciolella saurencheloides (Nettastomatidae). Senckenbergiana maritima, 25(1/3), 29–32.

    Klausewitz W. (1995) Tiefenwasser-und Tiefseefische aus dem Roten Meer. XIX. Description of a new species of the deep-sea eel genus Facciolella (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Anguilliformes: Nettastomatidae). Senckenbergiana maritima, 26 (1/2), 45–50.

    Klausewitz, W. (2002) Frankfurt versus Berlin: The Red Sea explorers Wilhelm Hemprich, Christian Ehrenberg and Eduard Rüppell. Zoology in the Middle East, 27, 7–12.

    Klausewitz, W. & Frøiland, Ø. (1970) Fische aus dem Roten Meer XII. Scorpaenodes steinitzii n. sp. von Eilat, Golf von Aqaba (Pisces: Scorpaenidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 51(5–6), 317–321.

    Klausewitz, W. & Nielsen, J.G. (1965) On Forsskål's collection of fishes in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 22, 1–29+ 39 plates.

    Klausewitz, W. & Uiblein, F. (1994) Tiefenwasser- und tiefseefische aus dem Roten Meer. XVII. Oligopus robustus, a new record for the Red Sea, with comparative studies on specimens from the Gulf of Aden (Pisces: Ophidiformes: Bythitidae). Senckenbergiana maritima, 25 (1/3), 21–28.

    Klausewitz, W. and Zajonz, U. (2000). Saurenchelys meteori n. sp. from the deep Red Sea and redescriptions of the type specimens of Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1865, Chlopsis fierasfer Jordan & Snyder, 1901 and Nettastoma elongatum Kotthaus, 1968 (Pisces: Nettastomatidae). Fauna of Arabia, 18, 337–355.

    Klunzinger, C.B. (1870) Eine zoologische Excursion auf ein Korallenriff des Rothen Meeres. Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft. Wien, 20, 389–394.

    Klunzinger, C.B. (1870–71) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft. Wien 20: 669–834; 1871, 21: 441–688, 1353–1368.

    Klunzinger, C.B. (1884) Die Fische des Rothen Meeres. Eine kritische Revision mit Bestimmungstabellen. Stuttgart, Part 1. 133 pp.

    Knapp, L.W. (1986) Platycephalidae. In: Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.) Smith Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. pp. 482–486.

    Knapp, L.W. (1996) Review of the genus Cociella Whitley (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) with the description of three new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 109, 17–33.

    Knapp L.W. (1999) Platycephalidae. In: Carpenter KE, Niem VH (Eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western Central Pacific, vol 4: Bony fishes, part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. pp 2385–2421.

    Knapp, L.W., Imamura, H. & Sakashita, M. (2000) Onigocia bimaculata, a new species of flathead fish (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from the Indo-Pacific. J.L.B. Smith Instituteo of Ichthyology, Special Publication, 64, 1–10.

    Kossmann, R. (1879) Mittheilungen aus Museen, Instituten etc. Tauschantrag. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 2, 21–22.

    Kossmann, R. & Räuber, H. 1877. Wissenschaftliche Reise in die Küstengebiete des Rothen Meeres, Fische. Verhandtungen der Naturhistorisch-medizinishen Vereins zu, Heidelberg 1, 378–420.

    Kotlyar, A.N. (1986) Systematics and distribution of fishes of the family Monocentridae (Beryciformes). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 25, 531–545. (English version: Journal of Ichthyology).

    Kotthaus, A. (1967) Fische des Indischen Ozeans. Ergebnisse der ichthyologischen Untersuchungen während der Expedition des Forschungsschiffes "Meteor" in den Indischen Ozean, Oktober 1964 bis Mai 1965. A. Systematischer Teil. I. Clupeiformes, Iniomi, Meteor Forschungsergebnisse (D), 1, 1–84

    Kotthaus, A. (1976) XVII. Percomorphi (7), Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, 23, 45–61, Figs 375–389.

    Kotthaus, A. (1977) XIX. Percomorphi (9), Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, 25, 24–44, Figs 407–428.

    Kotthaus, A. (1979) XXI. Diverse Ordnungen, Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, 28, 6–54, Figs 453–514.

    Krupp, F., Zajonz, U. & Khalaf, M.A. (2009) A new species of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Aqua, 15 (4), 223–227.

    Kuiter, R.H. (1993) Coastal Fishes of South-Eastern Australia. University Press of Hawai'i, Honolulu, 437 pp.

    Kuiter, R.H. (1998) Pipefishes of the syngnathid genus Dunckerocampus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae), with description of a new species from the Indian Ocean. Aqua, 3(2), 81–84.

    Kuiter, R.H. (2002) Fairy & rainbow wrasses and their relatives. A comprehensive guide to selected Labroids. Chorleywood, Herts: TMC Publishing. 208 pp.

    Kuiter, R.H. (2009) Seahorses and their relatives. Aquatic Photographics, Seaford, Australia. 333 pp.

    Kuiter, R.H. & Randall, J.E. (1981) Three look-alike Indo-Pacific labrid fishes, Halichoeres margaritaceus, H. nebulosus and H. miniatus. Revue française d'Aquariologie, 8 (1), 13–18.

    Kuiter, R. H. & Tonozuka, T. (2001) Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 2. Fusiliers - Dragonets, Caesionidae - Callionymidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 304–622 p.

    Kumaran, M. (1984) Lactariidae. W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. FAO, Rome.

    Last, P. & Compagno, L.J.V. (1999) Arhynchobatidae: softnose skates. In: K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (Eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Rome, FAO. pp. 1457–1466.

    Larson, H.K. (1990) A revision of the commensal gobiid genera Pleurosicya and Luposicya (Gobiidae), with description of eight new species of Pleurosicya and discussion of related genera. The Beagle, 7(1), 1–53.

    Le Danois, Y. (1970) Étude sur des poissons pediculates de la famille des Antennariidae recoltés dans la mer Rouge et description d'une espèce nouvelle. Israel Journal of Zoology, 19, 83–94.

    Leis, J.M. (1984) Diodontidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. FAO, Rome.

    Lieske, E. & Myers, R.F. (2004). Coral reef guide – Red Sea to Gulf of Aden, South Oman. London: Harper Collins. 384 pp.

    Lourie, S.A., Vincent, A.C.J. & Hall, H.J. (1999). Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. London, Project Seahorse. 214 pp.

    Lourie, S.A., Foster, S.J., Cooper, E.W.T. & Vincent, A.C.J. (2004) A guide to the identification of seahorses. Project Seahorse and TRAFFIC North America. 114 pp.

    Manilo, L.G. & Bogorodsky, S.V. (2003) Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 43 (Supplement 1), S75–S149.

    Markle , D.F. & Olney, J.E. (1990) Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 47, 269–410.

    Marshall, N.B. (1952) The "Manihine" Expedition to the Gulf of Aqaba 1948–1949. IX. Fishes. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 1 (8), 221–252.

    Marshall, N.B. & Bourne, D.W. (1964) A photographic survey of benthic fishes in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden with observations on their population density, diversity and habitat. Bulletin of theMuseum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 132 (2), 223–244.

    Marshall, A.D., Comagno, L.J.V. & Bennett, M.B. (2009). Redescription of the genus Manta with reseurrection of Manta alfredi (Kreftt, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliodatoidei; Mobulidae). Zootaxa, 2301, 1–28.

    Matsuura, K. (2001) Balistidae. Triggerfishes. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V. (Eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. Rome, FAO. pp. 3911–3928.

    Maugé, A. (1984a) Ephippidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. Rome, FAO.

    Maugé, A. (1984b) Drepanidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. Rome, FAO.

    McCosker, J.E. (1998) A revision of the snake-eel genus Callechelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) with the description of two new Indo-Pacific species and a new callechelyin genus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 50(7), 185–215.

    McCosker, J.E. & Castle, P.H.J. (1986) Ophichthidae. In: Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Johannesburg, Macmillan South Africa, pp. 176–186

    McCosker, J.E. & Smith, D.G. (1997) Two new Indo-Pacific morays of the genus Uropterygius (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Bulletin of Marine Sciemce, 30, 1005–1014.

    McKay, J.R.. (1984) Haemulidae. In: Fischer, W & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. Rome, FAO.

    McKay, J.R. (2001) Haemulidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (Eds.) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Rome, FAO, pp. 2961–2989.

    Menon, A.G.K. (1977) A systematic monograph of the tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus Hamilton-Buchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 238, 1–129.

    Menon, A.G.K. (1984a) Soleidae. In: Fischer, W & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. Rome, FAO.

    Menon, A.G.K.(1984b) Cynoglossidae. In: Fischer, W & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. Rome, FAO.

    Menon, A.G.K. & Babu Rau, M. (1984) Polynemidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. Rome, FAO.

    Misra, K.S. (1969) The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. Delhi, Manager Publication. 276 pp.

    Mooi, R.D. (1995) Revision, phylogeny and discussion of biology and biogeography of the fish genus Plesiops (Perciformes: Plesiopidae). Royal Ontario Museum of Life Sciences Contributions, 159. IV+107 pp.

    Motomura, H., Sakurai, Y. & Shinohara, G. 2009. First records of a scorpionfish, Scorpaenodes albaiensis, from East Asia, with a synopsis of S. minor (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae). Species Diversity, 14, 75–87.

    Munroe, T.A. (2001) Cynoglossidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (Eds.) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol.6. Rome, FAO, pp. 3890–3901.

    Myers, R.F. (1991) Micronesian reef fishes. (2nd ed.) Barrigada, Guam, Coral Graphics, 298 pp.

    Myers, R.F. (1999) Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Barrigada, Guam, Coral Graphics, 330 p.

    Nakamura, I. (1985) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlin, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125, Vol. 5. Rome, FAO. 65 pp.

    Nemeth, D. (1994) Systematics and distribution of fishes of the family Champsodontidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1994 (2), 347–371.

    Niebuhr, C. (1775) Descriptiones Animalium; Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium, quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit. Petrus Forskål. Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est material medica Kahirina atque tabula maris rubris geographica, 20+XXXIV+164 pp., 1 map; Hauniae, Copenhagen (Möller).

    Nielsen, J.(1984) Bothidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 1, Rome, FAO.

    Nielsen, J.G. (1993) Peter Forsskål – a pioneer in Red Sea ichthyology. Israel Journal of Zoology, 39, 283–286.

    Nielsen, J.G., Cohen, D.M., Markle, D.F. & Robins, C.R. (1999) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 18. Ophidiiform Fishes of the World (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 18. Rome, FAO, 178 pp.

    Nielsen, J.G & Uiblein, F. (1993) Tiefenwasser- und Tiefseefische aus dem Roten Meer XVI. A new species of Neobythes from the NW Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (Pisces: Ophidiformes: Ophididae). Senckenbergiana maritima, 23, 109–113.

    Parenti, P & Randall, J.E. (1998) First record of the labrid fish Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes, 1839) from the Red Sea. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 17, 473–475.

    Parenti, P & Randall, J.E. (2000) An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyology Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 68, 1–97.

    Parin, N.V. (1967) Review of the marine Belonidae of the western Pacific and Indian occans. Trudy Okeanologii Instituta, Akademia Nauk, USSR, 84, 3–83 (in Russian)

    Parin, N.V. (1984) Exocoetidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 2. Rome, FAO.

    Parin, N.V. (1999) Exocoetidae. Flyingfishes. In: K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (Eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 2162–2179.

    Parin, N.V., Collette, B.B. & Shcherbachev, Y.N. (1980) Beloniformes fishes of the world oceans. Trudy Okeanologii Instituta, Akademia Nauk, USSR, 97, 1–173.

    Parin, N.V. & Kobyliansky, S.G.(1993) Review of the genus Maurolicus (Sternoptychidae, Stomiiformes), with reestablishing validity of five species considered junior synonyms of M. muelleri and descriptions of nine new species. Trudy Okeanologii Instituta, Akademia Nauk, USSR, 128, 69 – 107

    Parin, N.V. & Piotrovsky, A.S. (2004) Stromateoid fishes (suborder Stromateoidei) of the Indian Ocean (species composition, distribution, biology and fisheries). Journal of Ichthyology. 44 (suppl.) 1, S33–S62.

    Parin, N.V. & Shakhovskoy, I.B. (2000) A review of the flying fish genus Exocoetus (Exocoetidae) with description of two new species from the southern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 40 (suppl.), 1, 31–63.

    Paulus, T. (1992) Syngnathus safina n. sp. and first record of S. macrophthalmus Duncker 1915 from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Syngnathidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 72 (1/3), 27–33.

    Pellegrin, J. (1912) Poissons du Musée de Naples provenant des expedition du "Vettor Pisani" et du "Dogali" et de la mer Rouge. Annales du Museum Zoologica, Napoli, 3 (27), 1–11.

    Picaglia, L. (1894) Pesci del Mar Rosso pescati nella campagna idrographica della Regia nave "Scilla" nel 1891–92; collezione aggiunta della specie de Mar Rosso e del Golfo di Aden. Atti della Societa dei Naturalisti e Matematici, Modena, 3 (13), 22–40.

    Pietsch, T.W. & Grobecker, D.B. (1987) Frogfishes of the world. Systematics, zoogeography, and behavioral ecology. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 420 pp.

    Pfeffer, G. (1893) Ostafrikanische Fische gesammelt von F. Stuhlmann in 1888–1889. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, (2) 6 (Fishes) 1892–1893, pp. 129–171.

    Playfair, R.L. & Günther, A. (1866) The fishes of Zanzibar, with a list of the fishes of the whole east coast of Africa. Journal van Voort, London. xiv + 153 pp.

    Poss, G.S. & Rama Rao, K.V. 1984. Scorpaenidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. FAO, Rome.

    Post, A. & Svoboda, A. (1980) Strandfunde mesopelagischer Fische aus dem Golf von Akaba. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft, 30, (2–3), 137–143.

    Randall, J.E. (1978) A revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid genus Macropharyngodon, with descriptions of five new species. Pacific Science, 28(4), 742–770.

    Randall, J.E. (1982) A review of the labrid fish Genus Hologymnosus. Revue française d'Aquariologie, 9(1), 13–20.

    Randall. J.E. (1983) Red Sea Reef Fishes. London, IMMEL Publishing. 192 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (1984) Acanthuridae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 1. FAO, Rome.

    Randall, J.E. (1986) Scaridae. In: Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.) Smith Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. 706–714 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (1994a) Twenty two new records of fishes from the Red Sea. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 14, 259–275.

    Randall, J.E. (1994b) Two new damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Arabian waters. Revue française d'Aquariologie, 21, 39–48.

    Randall, J.E. (1994c) A new genus and six new gobiid fishes (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Arabian waters. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 14, 317–340.

    Randall, J.E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. 439 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (1999) Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fishes of the genus Coris, with description of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 29, 1–74.

    Randall, J.E., (2001a) Pinguipedidae (=Parapercidae, Mugiloididae). Sandperches. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V. (Eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. p. 3501–3510

    Randall, J.E. (2001b) Five new Indo-Pacific gobiid fishes of the genus Coryphopterus. Zoological Studies. 40, 206–225.

    Randall, J.E. (2001c) Surgeonfishes of Hawai'i and the world. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Hawai'i. 123 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (2001d) Acanturidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (Eds.). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. pp. 63653–3683.

    Randall, J.E. (2002) Surgeonfishes of the world. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, x +123 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (2005) Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific, New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 707 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (2007a) Vanderhorstia opercularis, a new shrimp goby from the northern Red Sea. Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, 1, 18–25.

    Randall, J.E. (2007b) Reef and shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, 546 pp.

    Randall, J.E. (2009). Five new Indo-Pacific lizardfishes of the genus Synodus (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae). Zoological Studies, 48, 402–417.

    Randall, J.E., Allen, G.R. & Anderson, W.D. (1987) Revision of the Indo-Pacific lutjanid genus Pinjalo, with descriptions of new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 14, 1–17.

    Randall, J.E., Allen,G.R.& Steene, R.C. (1990) Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 pp.

    Randall, J.E. & Baldwin, C.C. (1997) Revision of the serranid fishes of the subtribe Pseudogrammina, with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 26. 56 pp.

    Randall, J.E. & Bauchot, M.-L. (1999). Classification of the two Indo-Pacific species of bonefishes, Albula glossodonta and A. forsteri. Cybium, 23, 79–83.

    Randall, J.E. & Bell, L.J. (1992) Naso caesius, a new acanthurid fish from the Central Pacific. Pacific Science, 46(3), 344–352.

    Randall, J.E. & Bruce, R.W. (1982). The parrotfishes of the subfamily Scarinae of the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of three new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 47, 1– 39 pp.

    Randall, J.E., Downing, N., McCarthy, J.B. Stanaland, E. & Tarr, A.B. (1994) Fifty-one new records of fishes from the Arabian Gulf. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 14, 220–258.

    Randall, J.E. & Earle, J.L. (2002) Review of Hawaiian razorfishes of the genus Iniistius (Perciformes: Labridae). Pacific Science, 56, 389–402.

    Randall, J.E. & Edwards, A. (1984) A new labrid fish of the genus Thalassoma from the Pitcairn group, with a review of related Indo-Pacific species. Journal of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, 4(2), 13–32.

    Randall, J.E. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (2001) Revision of the Indo-Pacific scorpionfish genus Scorpaenopsis, with descriptions of eight new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 34, 1–79.

    Randall, J.E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulleti