Abstract
We compiled all the available information regarding spider species distribution in the Iberian Peninsula (including the Balearic Islands). At present, 1335 species are known from the region, of which 236 are Iberian endemics, in 373 genera and 55 families. Portugal presents 768 species and Spain (including Andorra and Gibraltar), 1213 species. Although the work developed during recent decades has allowed a major increase in our knowledge of this group, there are certainly many species yet to be found and, for those already listed, the distribution is largely unknown. Although linyphiids present the highest number of known species (267), dysderids present the highest endemic richness (46 species). Information regarding the provinces from where each species was referenced is also presented and reveals large differences in the knowledge about each province, with most presenting very few known records and species. This checklist is accompanied by an online catalogue where all the information here presented is exhaustively listed and regularly updated.References
Bacelar, A. (1928) Aracnídios Portuguêses III. Bulletin da Sociedade Portuguesa de Sciencias Naturais, 10, 169–203.
Barea-Azcón, J.M., Ballesteros-Duperón, E. & Moreno, D. (Eds) (2008) Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de Andalucía, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
Barrientos, J.A. & Cardoso, P. (2007) The genus Malthonica Simon, 1898 in the Iberian Peninsula (Araneae: Agelenidae). Zootaxa, 1460, 59–68.
Barriga, J.C., Jiménez-Valverde, A., Morano, E., Moreno, A.G. & Melic, A. (2006) Arañas de la provincia de Ciudad Real (Arachnida: Araneae) (Castilla la Mancha, España). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 13, 125–142.
Bosmans, R. & de Keer, R. (1985) Catalogue des araignées des Pyrennes, espèces citées, nouvelles recoltes et bibliographiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Documents de Travail, 23, 1–68.
Bosmans, R., Maelfait, J.-P. & de Kimpe, A. (1986) Analysis of the spider communities in an altitudinal gradient in the French and Spanish Pyrénées. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 7, 69–76.
Bosmans, R., Cardoso, P. & Crespo, L.C. (2010) A review of the Linyphiid spiders of Portugal, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Zootaxa, 2473, 1–67.
Cardoso, P. (2000) Portuguese spiders (Araneae): a preliminary checklist. In: Gajdos, P. & Pekár, S. (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th European Colloquium of Arachnology. Ekológia, 19, 19–29.
Cardoso, P. (2008) Biodiversity and conservation of Iberian spiders: past, present and future. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 42, 487–492.
Cardoso, P. (2009) Standardization and optimization of arthropod inventories – the case of Iberian spiders. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18, 3949–3962.
Cardoso, P. (2010) Portugal spider catalogue (v2.1). Available from: www.ennor.org/catalogue.php (Date of access: 16 April 2010).
Cardoso, P. & Scharff, N. (2009) First record of the spider family Symphytognathidae in Europe and description of Anapistula ataecina sp. n. (Araneae). Zootaxa, 2246, 45–57.
Cardoso, P., Silva, I., Oliveira, N.G. & Serrano, A.R.M. (2007) Seasonality of spiders (Araneae) in Mediterranean ecosystems and its implications in the optimum sampling period. Ecological Entomology, 32, 516–526.
Cardoso, P., Gaspar, C., Pereira, L.C., Silva, I., Henriques, S.S., Silva, R.R. & Sousa, P. (2008a) Assessing spider species richness and composition in Mediterranean cork oak forests. Acta Oecologica, 33, 114–127.
Cardoso, P., Scharff, N., Gaspar, C., Henriques, S.S., Carvalho, R., Castro, P.H., Schmidt, J.B., Silva, I., Szüts, T., Castro, A. & Crespo, L.C. (2008b) Rapid biodiversity assessment of spiders (Araneae) using semi-quantitative sampling: a case study in a Mediterranean forest. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 1, 71–84.
Cardoso, P., Henriques, S.S., Gaspar, C., Crespo, L.C., Carvalho, R., Schmidt, J.B., Sousa, P. & Szűts, T. (2009a) Species richness and composition assessment of spiders in a Mediterranean scrubland. Journal of Insect Conservation, 13, 45–55.
Cardoso, P., Crespo, L.C., Carvalho, R., Rufino, A.C. & Henriques, S.S. (2009b) Ad-hoc vs. standardized and optimized arthropod diversity sampling. Diversity, 1, 36–51.
Cardoso, P., Arnedo, M.A., Triantis, K.A. & Borges, P.A.V. (2010) Drivers of diversity in Macaronesian spiders and the role of species extinctions. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 1034–1046.
Crespo, L.C., Cardoso, P., Carvalho, R., Henriques, S.S., Rufino, A.C. (2009) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the Paúl de Arzila Natural Reserve (Portugal). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 44, 305–313.
Cuní y Martorell, M. (1880) Excursión entomológica y botánica a San Miguel del Fay, Arbucias y Cumbres del Montseny. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 9, 205–242.
Cuní y Martorell, M. (1885) Excursión entomológica a varias localidades de la provincia de Gerona (Cataluña). Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 14, 68–69.
Duffey, E. (1983) Nota preliminar sobre las arañas del Alto Aragón occidental. Pirineos, 118, 41–48.
Denis, J. (1937) A contribution to the knowlegde of the spider fauna of the Andorra valleys. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Series B, 1937, 565–595.
Espuny, A., Barrientos, J.A. & Ascaso, C. (1993) Arañas de un encinar montano (Montseny, Barcelona, España). Resultados faunísticos. Bolletino della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, 26, 93–105.
Fernández Galiano, E. (1910) Datos para el conocimiento de la distribución geográfica de los Arácnidos de España. Memórias de la Sociedad Española de História Natural, 6, 343–424.
Ferrández, M.A., Morano, E., Fernández de Céspedes, H. & Camargo, M. (2006) Catálogo de las arañas (Araneae) de la comunidad de Madrid. Graellsia, 62, 53–90.
Fuente, J.M. (1898) Datos para la fauna de la provincia de Ciudad Real. IX. Arácnidos de Pozuelo de Calatrava, determinados en su mayor parte por M. E. Simon. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 27, 98–99.
Jordán de Asso, I. (1784) Introductio in Oryctographiam, et Zoologiam Aragoniae. Accedit enumeratio stirpium in eadem regione noviter detectarum. Amsterdam.
Machado, A. de B. (1937) Aranhas novas para a fauna portuguesa. Memórias e Estudos do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 107, 1–7.
Machado, A. de B. (1941) Araignées nouvelles pour la faune portugaise (II). Memórias e Estudos do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 117, 1–60.
Machado, A. de B. (1949) Araignées nouvelles pour la faune portugaise (III). Memórias e Estudos do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 191, 1–69.
Majadas, A. & Urones, C. (2002) Communauté d'araignées des maquis méditerranéens de Cytisus oromediterraneus Rivas Mart. & al. Revue Arachnologique, 14, 31–48.
Martín, J.L., Cardoso, P., Arechavaleta, M., Borges, P.A.V, Faria, B.F., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A.F., Carvalho, J.A., Costa, A.C., Cunha, R.T., Fernandes, F.M., Gabriel, R., Jardim, R., Lobo, C., Martins, A.M.F., Oliveira, P., Rodrigues, P., Silva, L., Teixeira, D., Amorim, I.R., Homem, N., Martins, B., Martins, M. & Mendonça, E. (2010) Using taxonomically unbiased criteria to prioritize resource allocation for oceanic island species conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 1659–1682.
Melic, A. (2000) Arañas de Aragón (Arachnida: Araneae). Catálogos de la Entomofauna Aragonesa, 22, 3–40.
Melic, A. (2001) Arañas endémicas de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares (Arachnida: Araneae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 4, 35–92.
Morano, E. (2004) Introducción a la biodiversidad de las arañas iberobaleares. In: Castro, A. (Ed.) Biodiversidad y arácnidos—los invertebrados y la estrategia ambiental Vasca de desarrollo sostenible. Munibe, supl. 21, 92–137.
Morano, E. & Cardoso, P. (2010) Iberian spider catalogue (v1.1). Available from: www.ennor.org/iberia (Date of access: 16 April 2010).
Nentwig, W., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C. & Blick, T. (2003) Central European spiders—determination key. Available from: www.araneae.unibe.ch (Date of access: 01 February 2010).
New, T.R. (1999) Untangling the web: spiders and the challenges of invertebrate conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation, 3, 251–256.
Pérez de San Román, F. (1947) Catálogo de las especies del Orden Araneae citadas en España después de 1910. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 45, 417–491.
Platnick, N.I. (2010) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (Date of access: 01 February 2010).
Proszynski, J. (2007) Monograph of the Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Available from: salticidae.org/salticid/main.htm (Date of access: 01 February 2010).
Simon, E. (1898) Sur quelques arachnides du Portugal appartenant au musée de zoologie de l'Academie Polytechnique de Porto. Annuaire des Sciences Naturelles de Porto, 5, 92–102.
Verdú, J.R. & Galante, E. (Eds) (2005) Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid.
Vol, F. (1999a) A propos de'Ischnocolus, una mygale européenne. Arachnides, 41, 1–15.
Vol, F. (1999b) Two new sites in Spain for the theraphosid Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820). Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society, 84, 4–5.
Walckenaer, C.A. (1837) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Aptères. Tome I. Paris.
Wheeler, Q.D. (2004) Taxonomic triage and the poverty of phylogeny. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 359, 571–583.
Wheeler, Q.D. (2007) Invertebrate systematics or spineless taxonomy? Zootaxa, 1668, 11–18.
Wheeler, Q.D., Raven, P.H. & Wilson, E.O. (2004) Taxonomy: impediment or expedient? Science, 303, 285.