Abstract
Mallodeta Butler and Erruca Walker, revalidated, are redescribed and revised. Mallodeta henceforth includes only its type-species, Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker, and Erruca is resurrected with seven species: E. deyrolii Walker (type-species), E. consors (Walker), new combination, E. erythrarchos (Walker), new combination, E. cardinalis (Hampson), new combination, E. hanga (Herrich-Schäffer), new combination, E. cruenta (Perty), new combination and E. sanguipuncta (Druce), new combination. Six new synonyms are established, four specific and two generic (junior synonyms in parentheses): Zygaena capistrata Fabricius (=Mallodeta cubana Gaede), Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker (=M. simplex Rothschild), Erruca deyrolii Walker (=Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schäffer and Glaucopis (Hyda) sortita Walker), and Erruca Walker (=Aristodaema Wallengren and Rezia Kirby). Lectotypes are designated to the following species: Erruca deyrolii Walker, Laemocharis deyrollei Herrich-Schäffer, Laemocharis hanga Herrich-Schäffer, Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schäffer, Laemocharis norma Herrich-Schäffer, Cosmosoma cardinalis Hampson and Mallodeta sanguipuncta Druce. Illustrations of adults and male and female genitalia of Mallodeta and Erruca are provided, as well as a key to the species of the latter.References
Bates, H.W. (1979) Um naturalista no rio Amazonas. Tradução de Regina Régis Junqueira. Edusp e Livraria Itatiaia Editora Ltda., Belo Horizonte e São Paulo, 300 pp.
Becker, V.O. & Pinheiro, L.R. (2009) Laemocharis ignicolor Ménétriés (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), a bogus moth. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53, 4, 684–685.
Bendib, A. & Minet, J. (1998) Female feromone glands in Arctiidae (Lepidoptera): evolution and phylogenetic significance. Comptes Rendus de L'académie des Sciences–Series III–Sciences de la vie, 321, 12, 1007–1014.
Biezanko, C.M. (1983) Ctenuchidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae et Pericopidae da zona Sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Revista do Centro de Ciências Rurais, 13, 4, 229–263.
Biezanko, C.M. (1985) Ctenuchidae, Arctiidae et Pericopidae da zona missioneira do Rio Grande do Sul. Revista do Centro de Ciências Rurais, 15, 3, 189–210.
Butler, A.G. (1876) Notes on the Lepidoptera of the family Zygaenidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 12, 342–406.
Butler, A.G. (1877) Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum, Volume 1, British Museum (Natural History), Department of Zoology, London, 62 pp.
Cardoso, M.Z. (1997) Testing chemical defences based on pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Animal behavior, 54, 985–991.
Dallas, W.S. (1852) List of the specimens of Hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 369–592.
Dietz, R.E., IV & Duckworth, W.D. (1976) A review of the genus Horama Hübner and reestablishment of the genus Poliopastea Hampson (Lepidoptera: Ctenuchidae). Smithsonian contributions to Zoology, 215, 1–53.
Dietz, R.E., IV. (1994) Systematics and biology of the genus Macrocneme Hübner (Lepidoptera: Ctenuchidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 113, 1–121.
Diniz, I.R., Morais, H.C., Botelho, A.M.F., Venturoli, F. & Cabral, B.C. (1999) Lepidopteran caterpillar fauna on lactiferous host plants in the central Brazilian cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 59, 627–635.
Doubleday, E. (1846–1850) The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, 534 pp., 67 pls.
Draudt, M. (1915) Family Syntomidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.). The Macrolepidoptera Of The World, Volume 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp 33–230.
Druce, H. (1898) Descriptions of some new species of Syntomidae, chiefly in the Oxford Museum. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 401–408.
Druce, H. (1881–1900) Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera–Heterocera. Volume III (plates), R.H. Porter, London, 111 plates.
Fabricius, J.C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Volume I. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, 832 pp.
Fabricius, J.C. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis, synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Volume 3, parte 1. Hafniae, Christian Gottlieb Proft, Fil. et Soc., 3(1), iv + 487 pp.
Ferro, V.G. & Diniz, I.R. (2007a) Arctiidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) da Estação Biológica De Boracéia (Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 7, 3, 1–8.
Ferro, V.G. & Diniz, I.R. (2007b) Composição de espécies de Arctiidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) em áreas de cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24, 3, 635–646.
Ferro, V.G. & Teston, J.A. (2009) Composição de espécies de Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) no sul do Brasil: relação entre tipos de vegetação e entre a configuração espacial do habitat. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53, 2, 278–286.
Field, W.D. (1975) Ctenuchid moths of Ceramidia Butler, Ceramidiodes Hampson, and the caca species group of Antichloris Hübner. Smithsonian contributions to Zoology, 198, 1–44.
Fleming, H. (1957) The Ctenuchidae (moths) of Trinidad, B.W.I. Part I. Euchromiinae. Zoologica, 42, 10, 105–130.
Fletcher, D.S. (1979) Geometroidea In: Nye, I.W.B. (Ed.). The generic names of moths of the world, Vol. 3, Publications British Museum of Natural History, London, 243 pp.
Forbes, W.T.M. (1930) Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Heterocera or moths (excepting the Noctuidae, Geometridae and Pyralidae). Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 12, 1–171.
Forbes, W.T.M. (1939) The Lepidoptera of Barro Colorado island, Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 85, 4, 97–322.
Franclemont, J.G. (1983) Arctiidae. In: Hodges et al. (Eds.) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D.C., pp. 114–119.
Gaede, M. (1926) Amatiden des Berliner Zoologischen Museums. (Lep.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 2, 113–136.
Gmelin, J.F. (1788) Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae, per regna tria Natura: secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio decimal tertia, aucta, reformata. Lipsiae, Georg Emanuel Beer, 500 pp.
Grados, J. (2003) Notas sinonímicas sobre Ctenuchini y Euchromiini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Revista Peruana de Biología, 10, 1, 98–100.
Hampson, G.F. (1898) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Vol. 1: Catalogue of the Syntomidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 559 pp.
Hampson, G.F. (1915) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae of the British Museum. Supplement, volume 1, plates I-XLI. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 41 plates.
Häuser, C.L., Bartsch, D., Holstein, J. & Steiner, A. (2003) The Lepidoptera type material of G.A.W. Herrich-Schäffer in the Staaliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie), 657, 1–78.
Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. [1853–1858] Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge. Volume 1. G. J. Manz, Regensburg, 84 pp., 120 plates.
Hoffmann, F. (1936) Beiträge zur Lepidopterenfauna von Sta. Catherina. Entomologische Rundschau, 53, 435–439.
Holloway, J.D. (1988) Moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae, Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp.
Horn, W. & Kahle, I. (1935–1937) Über entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen und Entomo-Museologie. Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem 2–4, 1–536.
Hübner, J. (1806) Tentamen determinationis digestionis atque denominationis singularum stirpium lepidopterorum, peritis ad inspiciendum et dijudicandum. Jacob Hübner, Augsburg, [2] pp. (work rejected for nomenclatural purposes; see Commision on Zoological Nomenclature, Smithsonian Miscelaneous Collections, 1926, 73, issue 4, p. 19, opinion 97; and ibidem, 1954, Opinions and declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 6, p. 140, opinion 278).
Hübner, J. Erste zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmmeterlinge, bestehend in genauer und rechtiger Bekündigung einzeln erworbener Bildermuster neuerfundener amerikanischer und columbianischer Schmmeterlinggattungen. Jacob Hübner, Augsburg, 8 pp. (work rejected for nomenclatural purposes; see Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 1966, 23, p. 214, opinion 789).
Hübner, J. [1816-1826] Verzeichni bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. Augsburg, 432 pp.
Hübner, J. [1808-1818] Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmmetlinge [sic], bestehend in Bekündigung einzeiner Fliegmuster neuer oder rarer nichteuropäischer Gattungen. J. Hübner, Augsburg, 32 pp. + 8 unnumbered pages, 35 plates, figures 1–200.
ICZN (International Comission of Zoological Nomenclature). (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature adopted by the XX General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. London, 206 pp.
Illiger, J.K.W. (1807) Die neuste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linneischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx. Magazin für Insektenkunde, 6, 277–289.
Jacobson, N.L. & Weller, S.J. (2002) A cladistic study of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) By using characters of immatures and adults. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs, 97 pp.
Janse, A.J.T. (1917) Check-list of the South African Lepidoptera Heterocera. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, 219 + xii pp.
Kirby, W.F. (1892) A Synonymic Catalogue of Lepidoptera-Heterocera. Gurney & Jackson, London, 951 pp.
Kiriakoff, S.G. (1963) The tympanic structures of the Lepidoptera and the taxonomy of the order. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 17, 1–6.
Kitching, I.J. & Rawlins, J.E. (1998) The Noctuoidea. In: Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Band/ Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies: evolution, systematic and biogeography. Vol. 1. In: Fischer, M. (ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 389–394.
Klots, A. (1970) Lepidoptera. In: Tuxen, S.L. (Ed.) Taxonomist's Glossary of Genitalia in Insects. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, pp. 115–130.
Köhler, P. (1972) Aegeriidae Argentinas del Instituto Miguel Lillo (Lep. Het.). Miscelanea Instituto Miguel Lillo, 4, 1–12.
Kristensen, N.P., Scoble, M.J. & Karsholt, O. (2007) Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity. Zootaxa, 1668, 699–747.
Lafontaine, J.D. & Fibiger, M. (2006) Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 138, 610–635.
Leach, W.E. (1815) Entomology. In: Brewster, D. (Ed.). The Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Vol. 9 (Part 1), 1 Ed., William Blackwood et al., Edinburgh, pp. 55–172.
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, ed. 12. Holmiae. 1(2), 533–1327.
Marinoni, R.C. & Dutra, R.R.C. (1996) Levantamento da fauna entomológica no estado do Paraná. II. Ctenuchidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, 2, 435–461.
Ménétriés, E. (1855–1857) Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum Petropolitanae, Classis Insectorum, Ordo Lepidopterorum, Pars 1, Lepidoptera diurna (1855), 15 + 112 pp.; Pars 2 (1857), vi + 75 pp. Typis Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis, Petropoli.
Möschler, H.B. (1877) Beiträge zur Schmetterlings-Fauna von Surinam II. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 27, 629–700.
Ochsenheimer, F. (1808) Die Schmmeterlinge Von Europa, volume 2. Gerhard Fleischer. Leipzig, 241 pp.
Perty, M. [1830–1833] Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per braziliam annis MDCCCXVII–MDCCCXX Iussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis Augustissimi, Percato Collegerunt Dr J. B. De Spix Et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martius. Digessit, descripsit, pingenda curavit Dr. Maximilianus Perty, Praefatus est et edidit Dr. C.F. Ph. De Martius. Impensis Editoris, Monachii, 224 pp. + 40 pls.
Rafinesque, C.S. (1815) Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l’universe et des corps organisés. Jean Barravecchia. Palermo, 224 pp.
Robinson, G.S. (1976) The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the Microlepidoptera. Entomologist’s Gazette, 27, 127–132.
Rodríguez-Loeches, L. & Barro, A. (2008) Life cycle and immature stages of the arctiid moth, Phoenicoprocta capistrata. Journal of insect science, 5, 1–13.
Rothschild, W. (1912) Some unfigured Syntomidae, Aegeridae, and Arctianae. Novitates Zoologicae, 19, 357–377 + 5 pl.
Rothschild, W. (1913) Some unfigured Syntomidae. Novitates Zoologicae, 20, 470–472 + 2 pl.
Rothschild, W. (1931) Notes On Syntomidae (Amatidae) With Descriptions Of New Species. Novitates Zoologicae, 37, 149–158.
Schmidt, B.C. & Opler, P.A. (2008) Revised checklist of tiger moths of continental United States and Canada. Zootaxa, 1677, 1–23.
Schrottky, C. (1909) "Mimetische" Lepidopteren, ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Syntomidae Paraguays. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 22, 122–132.
Scoble, M.J. (1992) The Lepidoptera: form, function and diversity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 440 pp.
Sherborn, C.D. (1934) Dates of publication of Catalogues of Natural History (post 1850) issued by the British Museum. Annals & Magazine of Natural History, 10 13, 308–312.
Sibatani, A., Ogata, M., Okada, Y. & Okagaki, H. (1954) Male genitalia of Lepidoptera: morphology and nomenclature. I. Divisions of the valvae in Rophalocera, Phalaenidae (Noctuidae) and Geometridae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 47, 93–106.
Simmons, R.B. & Weller, S.J. (2001) Utility and evolution of cytochrome B in insects. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 20(2), 196–210.
Simmons, R.B. & Weller, S.J. (2006) Review of the Sphecosoma genus group using adult morphology (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs, 108 pp.
Teston, J.A. & Corseuil, E. (2003) Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Parte III. Ctenuchini and Euchromiini. Biociências, 11, 1, 81–90.
Teston, J.A. & Corseuil, E. (2004) Diversidade de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) capturados com armadilha luminosa, em seis comunidades no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 48, 1, 77–90.
Teston, J.A., Specht, A., Di Mare, R.A. & Corseuil, E. (2006) Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) coletados em unidades de conservação estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 50, 2, 280–286.
Teston, J.A., Silveira, A.P. & Corseuil, E. (2009) Abundância, composição e diversidade de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) num fragmento de Mata Atlântica em Ira, RS, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências, 11, 1, 65–72.
Travassos Filho, L. (1938) Contribuição para o conhecimento dos “Euchromiidae. III. Gênero Cosmosoma Hübner, 1827 (Lepidoptera). Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 9, 59–66.
Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. Volume 1. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 278 pp.
Walker, F. (1856) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum, Volume 7. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1509–1808.
Wallengren, H.D.J. (1858) Nya Fjäril-slägten. Öfversigt af kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens förhandlingar. Femtonde Årgången, 15, 135–142.
Wallengren, H.D.J. (1860) Lepidopterologische Mitteilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 4, 2, 33–46.
Wallengren, H.D.J. (1861) Lepidoptera. In: Virgin, C.A. (Ed.) Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden. Andra delen, Zoologi. 1. Insecta. Stockholm, 351–380.
Watson, A., Fletcher, D.S. & Nye, I.W.B. (1980) Noctuoidea (Parte). In: I.W.B. Nye (Ed.), The generic names of moths of the world. Volume 2: Arctiidae, Cicytiidae, Ctenuchidae, Dilobidae, Dioptidae, Lymantriidae, Notodontidae, Strepsimanidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Thyretidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 396 pp.
Weller, S.J., Jacobson, N. & Conner, W.E. (1999) The evolution of chemical defenses and mating systems in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 68, 557–578.
Weller, S.J., Simmons, R.B., Boada, R. & Conner, W.E. (2000) Abdominal modifications occurring in wasp mimics of the ctenuchine-euchromiine clade (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Annals of the Entomologic Society of America, 93, 4, 920–928.
Winter, W.D. (2000) Basic techniques for observing and studying moths and butterflies. Memoirs of the Lepidopterists' Society, 5, 1–444.
Wolcott, G.N. [1923] "Insectae Portoricensis. A preliminary annotated check-list of the insects of Porto Rico, with descriptions of some new species. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 7, 1, 1–313.
Zerny, H. (1912) Syntomidae. In: Strand, E. (Ed.). Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Pars 7. W. Junk, Berlin. 179 pp.
Zerny, H. (1931) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Syntomiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 45, 1–27.
Zikán, J.F. & Zikán, W. (1967) Inseto-fauna do Itatiaia e da Mantiqueira. III. Lepidoptera. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 3, 45–109.
Zimsen, E. (1964) The type material of I. C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 656 pp.