Abstract
A taxonomic revision of the Australian Conopidae is presented. Nineteen genera in four subfamilies are recognised. The Stylogasterinae are represented by the cosmopolitan genus Stylogaster Macquart and the Myopinae by Myopa Fabricius and Thecophora Rondani. A monotypic genus, Notoconops gen. nov., is described and placed in a new subfamily, Notoconopinae. The remaining fifteen Australian genera are assigned to the Conopinae. Australoconops Camras, Chrysidiomyia Kröber, Conops Linnaeus, Delkeskampomyia Kröber, Heteroconops Kröber, Microconops Kröber, Neoconops Kröber, Pleurocerina Macquart, Physocephala Schiner, Smartiomyia Kröber and Stenoconops Kröber are redescribed. Four new conopine genera are described: Atrichoparia; Camrasiconops; Setosiconops; and Tanyconops, with the following resultant new combinations: Atrichoparia curticornis (Kröber) (from Heteroconops); Camrasiconops ater (Camras) and Ca. rufofemoris (Camras) (from Microconops); and Setosiconops robustus (Kröber) (from Neoconops). Callosiconops Kröber and Paraconops Kröber are regarded as junior synonyms of Chrysidiomyia and Pleurocerina respectively with the following resultant new combinations: Chrysidiomyia hirsuta (Kröber), Pleurocerina aristalis (Camras), P. longicornis (Kröber), P. nigrifacies (Kröber), P. similis (Kröber), P. turneri (Camras). A total of 100 species of Australian Conopidae are now recognised. No new species of Myopinae or Stylogasterinae are described. Representative species only of Atrichoparia, Camrasiconops, Heteroconops and Microconops are described. All species of the other 12 genera are described or redescribed. These include the following 45 new species,: Australoconops aglaos, A. aurantius, A. balteus, A. breviplatus, A. brunneus, A. camrasi, A. cantrelli, A. elegans, A. fulvitarsus, A. furvus, A. nebrias, A. neuter, A. pallorivittus, A. phaeomeros, A. ruficrus, A. vespoides; Chrysidiomyia rugifrons, C. setosa; Conops aureolus, C. badius, C. chvalai, C. sparsus; Heteroconops carnarvonensis; Neoconops brevistylus, N. glaber; Notoconops alexanderi, Pleurocerina aquila, P. brevis, P. chrysopyga, P. lamellata, P. lutea,P. luteiceps, P. occidua, P. saxatilis, P. scutellata, P. vespiformis; Setosiconops epixanthus, Se. similis, Smartiomyia arena, Sm. cerina, Sm. danielsi, Sm. macalpinei; Tanyconops longicaudus, T. luteus, T. ocellatus. Australoconops ocellatus (de Meijere) comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with A. aurosus (Newman). Conops demeijerei Kröber is considered a junior synonym of C. seminiger de Meijere. A lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for Microconops fasciatus Kröber. Anatomical features used in descriptions are discussed and illustrated. Special attention has been given to the ultrastructure of spicules on female genital structures. These spicules show differences between genera and species. The high degree of endemism of the Australian fauna is discussed in relation to the world fauna and some preliminary thoughts on phylogenetic relationships are presented. A catalogue of the Australian Conopidae is included as an Appendix.References
Bigot, J.M.F. (1887) Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 31e partie. XXXIX Descriptions de nouvelles espèces de Stratiomydi et de Conopsidi. Annales de la Société entomologique de France. Paris, (6) 7, 20–46.
Brunnetti, E. (1923) Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Oestridae. Diptera. In: Shipley A. E., Taylor & Francis (Eds.), The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. London. 3, xii + 424 pp.
Camras, S. (1955) New Conopidae from South America, Africa, and Australia (Diptera). Entomological News, 66, 119–25.
Camras, S. (1961) Notes on Australian flies of the family Conopidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 113, 61–76.
Camras, S. (1965) Family Conopidae. In: Stone, A. et al. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Handbook 276, Washington, DC, pp. 625–632.
Camras, S. (1994) A new subfamily for the fossil conopid fly, Paleomyopa tertiaria (Diptera: Conopidae). Entomological News, 105, 175–177.
Chen, S.H. (1939) Étude sur les diptères conopides de la Chine. Notes d'entomologie chinoise, 6, 171.
Chvála, M. & Smith, K.G.V. (1988) Family Conopidae. In: Soós, A. (Ed.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 8. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, pp. 245–72.
Cole, F.R. (1927) A study of the terminal abdominal structures of male Diptera (two-winged flies). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4th Series 16, 397–499.
Cole, F.R. & Lovett, A.L. (1921) An annotated list of the Diptera of Oregon. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4th Series, 11, 197–344.
Colless, D.H. & McAlpine, D.K. (1970) Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO (Ed.), The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne University Press: Carlton, Victoria, pp. 656–740.
Colless, D.H. & McAlpine, D.K. (1974) Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO (Ed.), The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974. Melbourne University Press: Carlton, Victoria, pp. 91–96.
Colless, D.H. & McAlpine, D.K. (1991) Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO (Ed.), The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Second Edition. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria, pp. 717–786.
Curtis, J. (1831) British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. Volume 8. Privately published, London, plates 338–85,.
Curtis, J. (1838) British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. Volume 15. Privately published, London, plates 674–721.
Daly, H.V. (1985) Insect Morphometrics. Annual Review of Entomology, 30, 415–438.
Enderlein, G. (1936) 22. Ordung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. Abt. 16. In: Brohmer, P. et al. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 6: Insekten III Teil. Leipzig.
Evenhuis, N.L. (Ed.) (1989) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu & E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1155pp.
Evenhuis, N.L. (1994) Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
Fabricius, J.C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorvm classes, ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibvs, observationibvs. Kortii, Flensburg and Leipzig, 32 + 832 pp.
Fabricius, J.C. (1781) Species insectorvm exhibentes eorvm differentias specificas, synonyma, auctorum loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibvs, descriptionibvs. Tome II. C. E. Bohnii, Hamburg & Cologne, 517 pp.
Fabricius, J.C. (1805) Systema antliatorvm secvndum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibvs, descriptionibvs. Reichard, Brunswick, 372 + 30 pp.
Ferrar, P. (1987) A guide to the breeding habits and immature stages of Diptera Cyclorrhapha. Entomonograph, 8, 907 pp.
Freeman, B.A. (1966) Notes on conopid flies, including insect host, plant and phoretic relationships (Diptera: Conopidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 39, 123–31.
Gouin, F. (1949) Recherches sur la morphologie de l’appareil buccal des diptères. Mémoires du Muséum nationale d’histoire naturelle, Paris (n.s.), 28, 167–269.
Griffiths, G.C.D. (1972) The phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Series Entomologica, 8, Junk, W., The Hague. 340 pp.
Grissell, E.E. & Schauff, M.E. (1990) A synopsis of the seed-feeding genus Bephratelloides (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 92, 177–187.
Hardy, G.H. (1929) On the type locality of certain flies described by Macquart in ‘Diptères Exotiques’, Supplement Four. The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 54, 61–64.
Hennig, W. (1952) Die Larvenformen der Dipteren. Teil. III. Akademie Verlag: Berlin. [Reprinted 1968].
Hennig, W. (1958) Die Familien der Diptera Schizophora und ihre phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 8, 505–688.
Hennig, W. (1966) Conopidae im Baltischen Bernstein (Diptera; Cyclorrhapha). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde aus dem Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, 154, 1–24.
Hennig, W. (1968) Die Larvenformen der Dipteren: eine Übersicht die bisher bekannten Jungendstadien der zweiflügeligen Insekten 3 Teil, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
Hennig, W. (1971) Neue untersuchungen über die Familien der Diptera Schizophora (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde aus dem Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, 226, 1–76.
Hennig, W. (1973) 31. Diptera (Zweiflügler) In: Helmcke, J.-G., Stark, D. & Wermuth, H. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches. IV. Band: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta. Zweite Auflage. 2. Teil: Spezielles. W. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 1–200.
Howell, J.F. (1967) Biology of Zodion obliquefasciatum (Macq.) (Diptera: Conopidae), a parasite of the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi Ckll. (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Technical Bulletin Agricultural Experiment Station Washington State University, 51, 1–33.
Jarvis, E. (1924) The life history and control of insects affecting sugar-cane in north Queensland - continued. Queensland Agricultural Journal, 21, 91–97.
Kotrba, M. (1997) Shoot or stab? Morphological evidence on the unresolved oviposition technique in Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), including discussion of behavioral observations. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99, 614–622.
Kröber, O. (1915a) Die kleineren Gattungen der Conopiden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A), 81 (1), 68–89.
Kröber, O. (1915b) Die indo-australischen und sudamerikanischen Physocephala - arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A), 81 (4), 117–45.
Kröber, O. (1916) Die indo-australischen Arten der Gattung Conops L. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A), 81 (7), 41–71.
Kröber, O. (1919a) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A), 83 (7), 141–3.
Kröber, O. (1919b) Katalog der Conopiden, nebst Beschreibung der Gattungen und Bestimmungstabellen der Gattungen und Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A), 83 (8), 1–91.
Kröber, O. (1919c) Katalog der Conopiden, nebst Beschreibung der Gattungen und Bestimmungstabellen der Gattungen und Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A), 83 (9), 1–52 (mit 8 Texttafeln und 1kolorierten Doppeltafel).
Kröber, O. (1930) Zweiflügler oder Diptera IV: Blasenkopffliegen oder Conopidae. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 20, 119–142.
Kröber, O. (1933) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. Sü Ping-chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen Artz der Expedition Dr. David Hummel 1927-1930. 14. Diptera. 6. Tabaniden, Thereviden, und Conopiden. Arkiv för zoologi. Uppsala (A), 26A (8), 1–18.
Kröber, O. (1936) Katalog und Bestimmungstabellen palaearktischer Conopiden. Acta Instituti et Musei Zoologici Universitatis Atheniensis, 1, 121–159.
Kröber, O. (1939a) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. - I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11), 4, 362–395.
Kröber, O. (1939b) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. - IV. Die Conopiden der Australischen Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11), 4, 594–607.
Kröber, O. (1940) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11), 5, 64–82.
Latreille, P.A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des crustacés et des insectes. 3: xii + 13–467.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundvm classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribvs, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1, Edn 10. 824 pp.
Lopes, H. de Souza (1937) Contibuição ao aonhecimento do genero "Stylogaster" Macquart. 1835, (Diptera: Conopidae). Archivos do Instituto de biologia vegetal Rio de Janeiro, 3, 257–293.
Lopes, H. de Souza (1938) Sôbre uma nova espécie do genero Stylogaster Macquart, do Brasil (Dipt., Conopidae). Mems Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 33, 403–405.
Lopes, H. de Souza & Monteiro, L. (1959) Sôbre algumas espécies brasileiras de Stylogaster Macq., com a descrição de quatro espécies novas (Dipt., Conopidae). Studia Entomologia, 2, 1–24.
Macquart, J. (1835) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxième. Ouvrage accompagné de planches. Roret: Paris, 703 or 710 pp.
Macquart, J. (1851) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 4.e supplément. Mémoires de la Société des sciences, de l'agriculture et des arts de Lille 1850, 134–294.
Malloch, J.R. (1929) Appendix to Bezzi, M., Australian Pyrgotidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 54, 20–31.
McAlpine, D.K. (1967) The Australian species of Diplogeomyza and allied genera (Diptera, Heleomyzidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 92, 74–106.
McAlpine, D.K. (1985) The Australian genera of Heleomyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) and a reclassification of the family into tribes. Records of the Australian Museum, 36, 203–251.
McAlpine, D.K. & Kent, D.S. (1982) Systematics of Tapeigaster (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) with notes on biology and larval morphology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 106, 33–58.
McAlpine, J.F. (1981) Morphology and terminology - adults. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R., & Wood, D.M. (Eds.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 27. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, pp. 9–63.
McAlpine, J.F. (1989) Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 32. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, pp. 1397–1518.
Maeta, Y. & Macfarlane, R.P. (1993) Japanese Conopidae (Diptera): their biology, overall distribution, and role as parasites of bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61, 493–509.
Meijere, J.C.H. de (1904) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Biologie und der systematischen Verwandtschaft der Conopiden. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 46, 144–225. Plates 14–17.
Meijere, J.C.H. de (1910) Studien über südostasiatische Dipteren. IV. Die neue Dipterenfauna von Krakatau. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 53, 58–194.
Meijere, J.C.H. de (1912) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 55, 184–207.
Meunier, F. (1899) Sur les Conopaires de l'ambre tertiaire (Dipt.). Bulletin. Société entomologique de France 1899, 145–146.
Meunier, F. (1912) Coup d'oeil rétrospectif sur les Diptères du succin de la Baltique. Annale de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles, 36, 160–186.
Meunier, F. (1916) Sur quelques Diptères (Bombylidae, Leptidae, Dolichopodidae, Conopidae et Chironomidae) de l'ambre de la Baltique. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 59, 274–286.
Müller, C.B., Blackburn, T.M. & Schmid-Hempel, P. (1996) Field evidence that host selection by conopid parasitoids is related to host body size. Insectes Sociaux, 43, 227–233.
Newman, E. (1841) Entomological Notes [part]. The Entomologist, 1, 220–23.
Papavero, N. (1971) Family Conopidae. In: A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil, pp. 47.1–28.
Philip, K.W. (1995) RangeMapper Version 2.3.0. Tundra Vole Software, Fairbanks, Alaska.
Rettenmeyer, C.W. (1961) Observations on the biology and taxonomy of flies found over swarm raids of army ants (Diptera: Tachinidae, Conopidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 42, 993–1066.
Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1853) Diptères des environs de Paris. Famille des myopaires. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences histoire naturelle de L’Yonne, 7, 83–160.
Rohdendorf, B.B. (1964) [Historical development of dipterous insects]. Transactions of the Institute of Paleontology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 100, 1–311.
Rohdendorf, B.B. (1974) The historical development of Diptera. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton. 360 pp. [English translation of Rohdendorf, 1964]
Rohlfien, K. & Ewald, B. (1975) Katalog der in den Sammlungen des ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes aufbewahrten Typen - VIII. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 22, 407–469.
Rondani, C. (1845) Sulle differenze sessuali delle Conopinae e Myopinae negli insetti ditteri. Memoria undecima per servire alla ditterologia italiana. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali. Bologna (2), 3, 5–16.
Schiner, I.R. (1861) Vorläufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der "Fauna austriaca". II Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 5, 137.
Schmid-Hempel, P., Müller, C., Schmid-Hempel, R. & Shykoff, J.A. (1990) Frequency and ecological correlates of parasitism by conopid flies (Conopidae, Diptera) in populations of bumblebees. Insectes Sociaux, 37, 14–30.
Schmid-Hempel, P. & Schmid-Hempel, R. (1988) Parasitic flies (Conopidae, Diptera) may be important stress factors for the ergonomics of their bumblebee hosts. Ecological Entomology, 13, 469–472.
Schmid-Hempel, P. & Schmid-Hempel, R. (1990) Endoparasitic larvae of conopid flies alter pollination behaviour of bumblebees. Naturwissenschaften, 77, 450–452.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & Schmid-Hempel, P. (1991) Endoparasitic flies, pollen collecting by bumblebees and a potential host-parasite conflict. Oecologia, 87, 227–232.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & Schmid-Hempel, P. (1996a) Larval development of two parasitic flies (Conopidae) in the common host Bombus pascuorum. Ecological Entomology, 21, 63–70.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & Schmid-Hempel, P. (1996b) Host choice and fitness correlates for conopid flies parasitising bumblebees. Oecologia, 107, 71–78.
Scudder, S.H. (1878) The Fossil Insects of the Green River Shales. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey Territories, 4, 754–755.
Scudder, S.H. (1890) The Tertiary Insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey, 13, 1–734.
Smith, K.G.V. (1959) The distribution and habits of British Conopidae. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology, 56, 54–56.
Smith, K.G.V. (1961) Supplementary records of the distribution and habits of the British Conopidae (Diptera). The Entomologist, 94, 138–139.
Smith, K.G.V. (1967) The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 119, 47–69.
Smith, K.G.V. (1969a) Handbooks for the identification of British insects Vol. X Part 3(a) Diptera: Conopidae. Royal Entomological Society of London, London, 19 pp.
Smith, K.G.V. (1969b) Further data on the oviposition by the genus Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae: Stylogasterinae) upon adult calyptrate Diptera associated with ants and animal dung. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A), 44, 35–7.
Smith, K.G.V. (1979) The genus Stylogaster (Diptera: Conopidae: Stylogasterinae) in the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology, 27, 303–10.
Smith, K.G.V. (1980) Family Conopidae. In: Crosskey, R.W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 511–17.
Smith, K.G.V. (1989) Conopidae.. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu & E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 459–62
Smith, K.G.V. & Cunningham-Van Someren, G.R. (1985) The larva of Stylogaster varifrons Malloch (Diptera: Stylogastridae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 121, 81–5.
Smith, K.G.V. & Peterson, B.V. (1987) Conopidae. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph No.28. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, pp. 749–56.
Snodgrass, R.E. (1935) Principles of Insect Morphology. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Speight, M.C.D. (1969) The prothoracic morphology of acalypterates (Diptera) and its use in systematics. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 121, 325–421.
Steyskal, G.C. (1957) The postabdomen of male acalyptrate Diptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 66–73.
Streiff, R.N. (1906) Über das 'unpaare Organ' der Dipterenfamilie der Conopidae. Eine anatomische-physiologische Untersuchung über das Abdomen dieser Familie. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 84, 139–203.
Strickland, E.H. (1953) The ptilinal armature of flies (Diptera, Schizophora). Canadian Zournal of Zoology, 31, 263–299.
Stuckenburg, B.R. (1963) A study of the biology of the genus Stylogaster, with the description of a new species from Madagascar (Diptera: Conopidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 68, 251–75.
Thomson, C.G. (1869) Diptera. Species nova descripsit, In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jordan under befäl af C.A. Virgin, åren 1851-1853. Vol. 2 (Zoologi), 1, (Insecta). P.A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm. pp. 443–614.
Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. (British Museum: London). pp. 485–687.
Walker, F. (1853) Diptera. Part IV, pp. 253–414. In: Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., Etc. Vol. 1. Van Voorst, London, 474 pp.
Williston, S.W. (1888) A new South American genus of Conopidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 20, 10–12.
Williston, S.W. (1908) Manual of North American Diptera. 3rd edition. J.T. Hathaway, New Haven.
Zimina, L.V. (1958) Carbonosicus, a new Palearctic genus of the family Conopidae (Diptera). Entomologichesko Obozrenie, 37, 933–936.
Zimina, L.V. (1960) New data in Conopidae system (Diptera) exemplified by the representatives of the USSR fauna. [In Russian with English summary]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Moskva, 39, 723–3.