Abstract
A new sparid species, Acanthopagrus taiwanensis, is described on the basis of six specimens that were previously misidentified as A. berda (Forsskål, 1775), collected from Tung-kang, southwestern Taiwan. Acanthopagrus taiwanensis and A. berda are similar in overall appearance, both with deep bodies. However, A. taiwanensis differs from the latter in having a more rounded body, broadly rounded anteriormost head squamation with around 10 somewhat smaller scales anteriorly, 3 or 4 cheek scale rows, thin upper and lower lips, older individuals with a ridge on dorsal profile in front of eye and upper profile of head evenly convex, head and body black with sharply contrasting white area ventrally, a dark spot at upper base of pectoral fins, and flat molar teeth. In contrast, A. berda has a deeper body, broadly rounded anteriormost head squamation with around 20 small scales anteriorly, 5 or 6 cheek scale rows, thick upper and lower lips, larger individuals with a weak ridge in profile in front of eye and concave snout profile, head and body silvery gray, no black spot at upper base of pectoral fins and somewhat pointed molar teeth. Older individuals of A. berda also develop a strong concavity of the ventral edge of the first two infraorbitals above the posterior part of upper jaw, while the edge is relatively straight or weakly concave in A. taiwanensis. We discuss the nominal species that have been placed in synonymy with A. berda and contrast A. taiwanensis with similar congeners.References
Akazaki, M. (1962) Studies on the spariform fishes. Anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Marine Biological Institute, Kyoto University, Special Report, (1), 1–368. [In Japanese with English summary.]
Akazaki, M. (1984) Sparidae. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, C., Araga, T., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (Eds.), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 171–173, pl. 166–167.
Allen, G.R. Midgley, H. & Allen, M. (2002) Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia, i–xiv + 394 pp.
Basilewsky, S. (1855) Ichthyographia Chinae Borealis. Nouveaux Mémoirs de la Société Imperial des Naturalistes de Moscou, 10, 215–263.
Bauchot, M.L. & Daget, J. (1972) Catalogue critique des types de Poissons du Muséum national d’Historie naturelle. (Suite) (Famille des Sparidae). Bullein of Museum Natural History Nature (Séries 3), No. 24 (Zoology 18), 33–99.
Bauchot, M.L. & Skelton, P.H. (1986) Sparidae. In: Daget, J., Gosse, J.-P. & van den Audenaerde, D.F.E. Thys. (Eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa. CLOFFA. ISNB Bruxelles, MRAC Tervuren, ORSTOM, Cloffa, Paris, 2, pp. 331–332.
Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. (1983) Sparidae. In: Fisher, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes―Western Indian Ocean. Fishing Area 51. Vol. 4. FAO, Rome, Italy, pp. 1–11, "SPARID Acanth 1” to "SPARID Spond 2".
Berg, L.S. (1914) Fishes of the Tumen-ula River (Korea) collected by A. I. Czerski. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 19 (4), 554–561. [in Russian]
Bleeker, P. (1854) Faunae ichthyologicae japonicae. Species Novae. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch Indië, 6, 395–426.
Bloch, M.E. & Schneider, J.G. (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyology, Belodini, Germany, 584 pp.
Cadwallader, P.L. & Backhouse, G.N. (1983) A guide to the freshwater fish of Victoria. Victoria Government Printing Office, Melbourne, Australia, 249 pp.
Carpenter, K.E. (2001) Family Sparidae In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (Eds.), Species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 5, Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). FAO, Rome, Italy, pp. 2990–3003.
Castelnau, F.L. (1861) Mémoire sur les poissons de l’Afrique australe. Paris Mémoire sur les poissons de l’Afrique australe, Paris, France, 78 pp.
Castelnau, F.L. (1873) Contribution to the ichthyology of Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, 2, 37–158.
Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Règne Animal, distribué d’après son organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. Edition 2. Règne Animal, 2, 1–406.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1830) Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Historie naturelle des poissons, 6, 1–559.
Day, F. (1875) The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Member of Asiatic Society of Calcutta and Cotsworld Naturalists’ Field Club, Vol. 1, India and Burma, 778 pp.
Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.) (1998). Catalog of Fishes. Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, Spec. Publ. 1. California Academy of Sciences, 1–3, 1–2905. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Available from http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatsearch.html (accessed 25 May 2005).
Ferraris, C.J. Jr., McGroouther, M.A. & Parkinson, K.L. (2000) A critical review of the types and putative types of southern Asian marine and freshwater fish species in the Australian Museum named by Francis Day. Records of the Australian Museum, 52, 289–306.
Forsskål, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae, Mölleri, Denmark, i–xxxiv + 164 pp., 1 map.
Fowler, H.W. (1933) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the families Banjosidae...Enoplosidae collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross," chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States Natural Museum, (No. 100), 12, 1–465.
Gilchrist, J.D.F. & Thompson, W.W. (1908) Descriptions of fishes from the coast of Natal. Annals of South African Museum, 6, 145–206.
Gomon, M.F., Glover, J.C.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (Eds.) (1994) The fishes of Australia’s south coast. Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee, State Printer, Adelaide, Australia, 992 pp.
Günther, A. (1859) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. Catalogue of Fishes, 1, 1–524.
Günther, A. (1874) Third notice of a collection of fishes made by Mr. Swinhoe in China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series 4) 13, 154–159.
Hamilton, F. (formerly Buchanan) (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Fellow of the Royal Society of London & Edinburgh, The Society of Antiquaries, and of The Linnaean Society of London, and The Asiatic Society of Calcutta, 405 pp. 39 pls., 93 figs.
Hora, S.L. & Misra, K.S. (1943) On a small collection of fish from Iraq. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 9(1), 1–15.
Houttuyn, M. (1782) Beschryving van eenige Japanese visschen, en andere zee-schepzelen. Verhandelingen Hollandsche Maatschaappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem, Amsterdam, 20, 311–350.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. (1958) Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Bulletin of Cranbrook Institute Science, (26), 1–213.
Hutchins, J.B. (2001) Checklist of the fishes of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplment, (63), 9–50.
Kishinouye, K. (1907) On the four Japanese species of the genus Sparus. Dobutsugaku Zasshi [Zoological Magazine, Tokyo], 19, 326–329 [in Japanese]
Kottelat, M. (1986) A review of the nominal species of fishes described by G. Tirant. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon, 24, 5–24.
Kottelat, M. (2000) The type species of the genus-group names Coius Hamilton, 1822 and Datnia Cuvier, 1829 and type-genus of the family-group name Datnioididae Bleeker, 1858. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 5 (1), 91–94.
Leviton, A.E., Gibbs, R.H. Jr., Heal, E. & Dawson, C.E. (1985) Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia, 1985 (3), 802–832.
Matsuura, K. (1997) Fish collection building in Japan, with comments on major Japanese ichthyologists. In: Pietsch, T. & Anderson, Jr., W.D. (Eds.) Collection Building in ichthyology and herpetology. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetogists, Special Publication, Number 3, Kansas, pp. 171–182.
Munro, I.S.R. (1949) Revision of Australian silver breams Mylio and Rhabdosargus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 12 (4), 182–223, pls. 16–23.
Orrell, T.M. & Carpenter, K.E. 2004. A phylogeny of fishes of the family Sparidae (Perciformes: Percoidei) inferred from mitochondrial sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 425–434.
Peters, W.C.H. (1852) Diagnosen von neuen Flussfischen aus Mossambique. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1852, 275–276, 681–685.
Peters, W.C.H. (1855) Uebersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten Fische. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 21, 234–282, 257–282.
Randall, J.E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. Crowford House Publishing Pty Ltd, Bathurst, Australia, 439 pp.
Richardson, J. (1846) Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Report of British Association and Advisory Science, 1845, 187–320.
Russell, P. (1803) Descriptions and figures of two hundred fishes; collected at Vizagapatam on the coast of Coromandel. Vol. 1. W. Bulmer & Co. Shakespeare Press, London, i–vii + 85 pp. + 208 pls. + index.
Sadovy, Y. & Cornish, A.S. (2000) Reef fishes of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, China, i–xi + 321 pp.
Skelton, P.H. (2003) Change of institution name and collection abbreviation. Ichthyological Research, 50 (1), 106.
Smith, J.L.B. & Smith, M.M. (1986) Family No. 183: Sparidae. In: Smith, M.M. & Heemstra P.C. (Eds.), Smiths’ Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp. 580–594.
Temminck, C.J. & Schlegel, H. 1844. Pisces. Parts 2–4. In: P.F. de Siebold. Fauna Japonica, sive descriptio animalium quae in itinere per Japoniam suscepto annis 1823–30 collegit, notis observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit P. F. de Siebold. Pisces, Fauna Japonica. Müller, Amsterdam, pp. 21–72, pls. 10–36.
Tirant, G. (1883) Mémoire sur les poissons de la rivière de Hué. Bulletin of Society Études Indochina, 1883, 80–101.
Weber, M. & de Beaufort, L.F. (1936) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. VII. Perciformes (continued) families: Chaetodontidae, Toxotidae, Monodactylidae, Pempheridae, Kyphopsidae, Lutjanidae, Lobotidae, Sparidae, Nandidae, Sciaenidae, Malacanthidae, Cepolidae. The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, 7, i–xvi + 607 pp.
Whitehead, P.J.P. & Talwar, P.K. (1976) Francis Day (1829–1889) and his collections of Indian fishes. Bullein of British Museum (Natural History) History Series, 5, 1, 1–189.
Whitley, G.P. (1935) Studies in ichthyology. No. 9. Records of the Australian Museum, 19 (4), 215–250, pl. 18.