Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2007-03-15
Page range: 1–10
Abstract views: 36
PDF downloaded: 23

Genetic relationships of Amaurobioides (Anyphaenidae) spiders from the southeastern coast of New Zealand

Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Araneae Amaurobioides maritimus Amaurobioides picunus Amaurobioides pletus mitochondrial DNA nested haplotype analysis biogeography

Abstract

Members of the genus Amaurobioides construct silk retreats in rock crevices of the marine spray zone, a harsh and unusual habitat for spiders. This study expands the distribution records of three morphological species of Amaurobioides found on the eastern and southern coasts of New Zealand's South Island and uses mitochondrial DNA to examine their relationships and characterize their dispersal capabilities. Both 16S and ND1 sequences distinguish A. pletus found on the northeastern coast from a complex of two southern species comprised of A. maritimus from the mainland and A. picunus from Stewart Island. Neither 16S DNA nor ND1 protein separates these southern species. However, ND1 parsimony and likelihood analyses place 10 of 11 Stewart Island specimens in a clade of low support that nests deeply within A. maritimus. A nested haplotype analysis characterizes A. maritimus and A. picunus populations as having restricted gene flow/dispersal but with some long distance dispersal. Genetic distances between A. pletus and the A. maritimus-A. picunus complex indicate a Pliocene origin, whereas distances between A. maritimus and A. picunus suggest a Pleistocene divergence.

References

  1. Bond, J.E., Hedin, M.C., Ramirez, M.G., & Opell, B.D. (2001) MtDNA phylogeography of the Californian costal dune endemic trapdoor spider Aptostichus simus: deep molecular divergence in the absence of morphological and ecological change. Molecular Ecology 10, 899–910.

    Brower, A.V.A. (1994) Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A., 91, 6491–6495.

    Brown, W.M., George jr, M., & Wilson, A.C. (1979) Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A., 76, 1967–1971.

    Burrows, C.J. (1965) Some discontinuous distributions of plants within New Zealand and their ecological significance. Part II. Disjunctions between Otago-Southland and Nelson-Marlborough and related distribution patterns. Tuatara, 13, 9–29.

    Clement, M.D., Posada, D., & Crandall, K.A. (2000) TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Molecular Ecology, 9, 1657–1660.

    Cooper, A., & Cooper, R.A. (1995) The Oligocene bottleneck and New Zealand biota: genetic record of a past environmental crisis. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, 261, 293–302.

    Crandall, K.A. (1994) Intraspecific cladogram estimation: accuracy at higher levels of divergence. Systematic Biology, 43, 222–235.

    Crandall, K.A., Templeton, A.R., & Sing, C.F. (1994) Intraspecific phylogenetics: problems and solutions. In: Scotland, R.W., Siebert, D.J. & Williams DM (Ed.), Models in Phylogeny Reconstruction. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 273–298.

    Crandall, K.A. (1996) Multiple interespecies transmissions of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13, 115–131.

    DeSalle, R, Freedman, T., Prager, E.M., & Wilson, A.C. (1987) Tempo and mode of sequence evolution in mitochondrial DNA of Hawaiian Drosophila. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 26, 157–164.

    Fleming, C. (1979) Geological history of New Zealand and its Life. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 141 pp.

    Forster, R.R. (1970) The spiders of New Zealand, part III. Otago Museum Bulletin, 3, 1–184.

    Forster, R.R. & Forster, L. (1999) Spiders of New Zealand and Their Worldwide Kin. University of Otago Press, Dunedin, 270 pp.

    Garb, J.E. & Gillesspie, R.G. (2006) Island hopping across the central Pacific: mitochondrial DNA detects sequential colonization of the Austral Islands by crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae). Journal of Biogeography, 33, 201–220.

    Gillespie, R.G. (1999) Comparison of rates of speciation in web-building and non-web building groups within a Hawaiian spider radiation. Journal of Arachnology, 27, 79–85.

    Griffiths, J.W., Paterson, A.M., & Vink, C.J. (2005) Molecular insights into the biogeography and species status of New Zealand’s endemic Latrodectus spider species; L. katipo and L. atritus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology, 33, 776–784.

    Heads, M. (1998) Biogeographic disjunction along the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 63, 161–176.

    Hedin, M.C. (1997a) Molecular phylogenetics at the population/species interface in cave spiders of the Southern Appalachians (Araneae: Nesticidae: Nesticus). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14, 309–324.

    Hedin, M.C. (1997b) Speciational history in a diverse clade of habitat — specialized spiders (Araneae: Nesticidae: Nesticus): Inferences from geographic-based sampling. Evolution, 5, 1929–1945.

    Hedin, M.C. & Maddison, W.P. (2001) A combined molecular approach to phylogeny of the jumping spider subfamily Dendrophantinae (Araneae: Salticidae). Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 18, 386–403.

    Higgins, D.G., Bleasby, A.J. & Fuchs, R. (1996) Clustal V: Improved software for multiple sequence alignment. Comparative and Applied Bioscience, 8, 189–191.

    Image J (2006) http://www.uhnresearch.ca/facilities/wcif/imagej/.

    Juan, C., Oromi, P., & Hewitt, G.M. (1995) Mitochondrial DNa phylogeny and sequential colonization of Canary Islands by darkling beetles of the genus Pimelia (Tenebrionidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B, 261, 173–180.

    Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120.

    Maddison, W. & Hedin, M. (2003) Phylogeny of Habronattus jumping siders (Araneae: Salticidae), with consideration of genitalic and courtship evolution. Systematic Entomology, 28, 1–21.

    Masta, S.E. & Maddison, W.P. (2002) Sexual selection driving diversification in jumping spiders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 99, 4442–4447.

    Morgan-Richards, M., Trewick, S.A., & Wallis, G.P. (2000) Chromosome races with Pliocene origins: evidence from mtDNA. Heredity, 86, 303–312.

    Neiman, M. & Lively, C.M. (2004) Pleistocene glaciation is implicated in the phylogeographical structure of Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand snail. Molecular Ecology, 13, 2085–3098.

    Posada, D. & Buckley T.R. (2004) Model selection and model averaging in phylogenetics: advantages of the AIC and Bayesian approaches over likelihood ratio tests. Systematic Biology, 53, 793–808.

    Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14, 817–818.

    Posada, D. & Crandall, K. A. (2001) Selecting the best-fit model of nucleotide substitution. Systematic Biology, 50, 580–601.

    Posada, D. & Templeton, A.R. (1999–2005) GEODIS 2.5 documentation. Provo, Utah. Available from: http://darwin.uvigo.es (2 March 2006).

    Suggate, R.P., ed. (1978) The Geology of New Zealand, vol. 2. E. C. Keating, Government Printer, Wellington, pp. 345–820.

    Swofford, D.L. (1998) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), vers 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.

    Tamura, K. Nei, M. (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10, 512–526.

    Templeton, A.R. (1998) Nested clade analysis of phylogeographic data: testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history. Molecular Ecology, 7, 381–397.

    Templeton, A.R., Boerwinkle, E. & Sing, C.F. (1987) A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence data. I. Basic theory and an analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila. Genetics, 117, 343–351.

    Templeton, A.R., Crandall, K.A. & Sing, C.F. (1992) A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence data. III. Cladogram estimation. Genetics, 132, 619–633.

    Templeton, A.R., Routman, E. & Phillips, C.A. (1995) Separating population structure from population history: A cladistic analysis of the geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Genetics, 140, 767–782.

    Thornton, J. (1985) New Zealand Geology. Reed Books, Auckland, 226 pp.

    Trewick, S.A. (2000). Molecular evidence for dispersal rather than vicariance as the origin of flightless insect species on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 1189–1200.

    Trewick, S.A., Morgan-Richards, M. (2005). After the deluge: mitochondrial DNA indicates Miocene radition and Pliocene adaptation of tree and giant weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae). Journal of Biogeography, 32, 295–309.

    Trewick, S.A. & Wallis, G.P. (2001) Bridging the “beech-gap”: New Zealand invertebrate phylogeography implicates Pleistocene glaciation and Pliocene isolation. Evolution, 55: 2170–2180.

    Vink, C.J. & Paterson, A.M. (2003) Combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of the New Zealand wolf spider genus Anoteropsis (Araneae: Lycosidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28, 576–587.

    Waters, J.M., Craw, D., Youngson, J.H. & Wallis, G.P. (2001) Genes meet geology: fish phylogeographic pattern reflects ancient, rather than modern, drainage connections. Evolution, 55, 1844–1851.