Abstract
In this paper, the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the 13 Southern Hemisphere genera of Simuliidae is proposed, through a cladistic approach. In order to investigate the position of those genera representatives of five Northern Hemisphere genera were also included in the analyses as outgroups. The study was based on a data matrix with 33 terminal taxa and 119 morphological characters of adult, pupa and larva. The phylogenetic analysis under equal weights resulted in four most parsimonious trees, with similar topologies and 349 steps (CI = 49; RI = 68). The analyses showed that all Southern Hemisphere genera of Simuliidae are closer to Simuliini than to Prosimuliini. According to our analyses, Araucnephia Wygodzinsky & Coscarón and Paracnephia Rubtsov are polyphyletic, and Gigantodax Enderlein and Crozetia Davies are monophyletic. It is possible also to recognize the following groups (A. iberaensis Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias + Lutzsimulium s.l. d’Andretta & d’Andretta); ((Simulium Latreille + Metacnephia Crosskey) (Cnesiamima Wygodzinsky & Coscarón (Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscarón + Austrosimulium Tonnoir))); and ((Paracnephia of Australia + Cnesia Enderlein) (Pedrowygomyia Coscarón & Miranda-Esquivel + Gigantodax Enderlein)).References
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