Abstract
The phylogenetic Bayesian analysis of combined mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene markers in European representatives of Anthomyzidae supported the monophyly of the family, confirmed the validity of the genera and provided a resolution of the generic affiliation of some aberrant species. The interrelationships of most genera have not been resolved definitively due to insufficient posterior probability values. Despite this, the clade clustering the genus Anthomyza Fallén, 1810, Fungomyza Roháček, 1999 and the Anthomyza socculata group is considered to reflect the real phylogenetic relationships of these taxa as it is also supported by morphological data. The relationships within the genus Anthomyza are resolved and monophyly of its species-groups confirmed. Within the genus Stiphrosoma Czerny, 1928, S. fissum Roháček, 1996, a species of unknown relationships, was found to be most closely allied to S. sabulosum (Haliday, 1837). Based on the above analysis a removal of the aberrant species Paranthomyza caricis Roháček, 1999 and Anthomyza socculata (Zetterstedt, 1847) from genera to which they were formerly affiliated, is suggested.References
Cook, C.E., Austin, J.J. & Disney, H.L. (2004) A mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA phylogeny of critical genera of Phoridae (Diptera) and related families of Aschiza. Zootaxa, 593, 1–11.
Farris, J.S., Källersjo, M., Kluge, A.G. & Bult, C. 1994: Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics, 10, 315–319.
Flook, P.K. & Rowell, C.H. (1997) The effectiveness of mitochodrial rRNA sequences for the reconstruction of the phylogeny of an insect order (Orthoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 8, 177–192.
Han, H.-Y. & Ro, K.E. (2005) Molecular phylogeny of the superfamily Tephritoidea (Insecta: Diptera): new evidence from the mitochondrial 12S, 16S, and COII genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 416–430.
Huang, L.H. & Kang, L. (2007) Cloning and interspecific altered expression of heat shock protein genes in two leafminer species in response to thermal stress. Insect Molecular Biology, 16, 491–500.
Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F.R. (2001) MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Biometrics, 17, 754–755.
Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (2004) MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 5, 150–163.
McAlpine, J.F. (1989) 116. Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. In: McAlpine J.F. & Wood D.M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 3, Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 32, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, pp. 1397–1518.
Nirmala, X., Hypša, V. & Žurovec, M. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of Calyptratae (Diptera, Brachycera): the evolution of 18S and 16S ribosomal rDNAs in higher dipterans and their use in phylogenetic inference. Insect Molecular Biology, 10, 475–485.
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2.2 [online]. Program distributed by the author, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. Available from: http://www.abc.se/~nylander (accessed 5 May 2008)
Page, R.D. (1996) TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences, 12, 357–358.
Roháček, J. (1996) Revision of Palaearctic Stiphrosoma, including the Anthomyza laeta-group (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). European Journal of Entomology, 93, 89–120.
Roháček, J. (1998) Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. European Journal of Entomology, 95, 141–177.
Roháček, J. (1999) A revision and re-classification of the genus Paranthomyza Czerny, with description of a new genus of Anthomyzidae. Studia dipterologica, 6, 373–404.
Roháček, J. (2004) Revision of the genus Amygdalops Lamb, 1914 (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) of the Afrotropical Region. African Invertebrates, 45, 157–221.
Roháček, J. (2006) A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera) Part 1. Časopis Slezského zemského Muzea, Opava (A), 55, supplement 1, 1–328.
Roháček, J. (2007) Zealantha thorpei gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 1576, 1–13.
Roháček, J. (2008) Revision of the genus Amygdalops Lamb, 1914 (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) of the Oriental, Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 54, 325–400.
Roháček, J. & Barber, K.N. (2005) Revision of the New World species of Stiphrosoma Czerny (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, Keltern, 55, 1–107.
Roháček, J. & Barber, K.N. (in press) New reduced-winged species of Mumetopia Melander, with analysis of the relationships of this genus, Chamaebosca Speiser and allied genera (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 72 (3–4)
Roháček, J. & Barraclough, D. (2003) Margdalops, a new African genus of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), comprising six new species. African Invertebrates, 44 (2), 157–190.
Scheffer, S.J. & Lewis, M.L. (2001) Two nuclear genes confirm mitochondrial evidence of cryptic species within Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94, 648–653.
Scheffer, S.J. & Lewis, M.L. (2005) Mitochondrial phylogeography of vegetable pest Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae): divergent clades and invasive populations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98, 181–186.
Scheffer, S.J. & Lewis, M.L. (2006) Mitochondrial phylogeography of the vegetable pest Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae): diverged clades and invasive populations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 991–998.
Scheffer, S.J., Lewis, M.L. & Joshi, R.C. (2006) DNA barcoding applied to invasive leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Philippines. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 204–210.
Scheffer, S.J. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2000) Molecular phylogenetics of the holly leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae: Phytomyza): species limits, speciation, and dietary specialization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17, 244–255.
Scheffer, S.J., Winkler, I.S. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships within the leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from sequence data from multiple genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42, 756–775.
Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 651–701.
Skevington, J.H. & Yeates, D.K. (2000) Phylogeny of the Syrphoidea (Diptera) inferred from mtDNA sequences and morphology with particular reference to classification of the Pipunculidae (Diptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16, 212–224.
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4 Beta 10 win [CD/ROM]. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.