Abstract
At least nine bird species were described as new to science on the basis of material collected by Eduard Eversmann and Christian Pander during a Russian embassy headed by Aleksandr Negri to Bukhara in 1820–1821. We identified the type specimens and determined the type localities of these species, which are currently housed in natural history museums of Berlin, Germany, and Moskva, Russia. We suggest that, if only two subspecies of Otus brucei are recognized, the larger northern migratory one should be recognized as O. b. brucei (Hume, 1872), and the smaller southern nonmigratory one as O. b. semenowi (Zarudnyj & Härms, 1902), and we show that the name semenowi has been misapplied to the population from the Tarim Basin. We designate a lectotype for the nominal species Scops obsoleta Cabanis.References
ADL (2008) Alexandria digital library gazetteer. Available from http://middleware.alexandria.ucsb.edu/client/gaz/adl/index.jsp (last accessed 14 January 2008)
Alström, P. & Mild, K. (2003) Pipits and wagtails. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 496 pp.
Bjordal, H. (1983) Effects of deep freezing, freeze-drying and skinning on body dimensions of House Sparrows Passer domesticus. Cinclus, 6, 105–108.
Blanford, W.T. (1876) Eastern Persia. An account of the journeys of the Persian boundary commission 1870–71–72. Vol. II. The zoology and geology. Macmillan and Co., London, viii + 516 pp.
Bonaparte, C. (1856a) Additions et corrections au coup d’oeil sur l’ordre des Pigeons, et à la partie correspondante du Conspectus avium. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), 43, 833–839.
Bonaparte, C. (1856b) Suite et fin des additions et corrections au coup d’oeil sur l’ordre des Pigeons, et à la partie correspondante du Conspectus avium. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), 43, 942–949.
Bonaparte, C. (1856c) Excursions dans les divers musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Échassiers. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris), 43, 410–421, 571–579, 593–601.
Bonaparte, C. (1856d) Excursions dans les divers musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Palmipèdes. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris), 43, 643–652.
Buturlin, S.A. (1913) Imena sěryh sinic” [Names of grey tits]. Ornitologičeskǐj Věstnik”, 4, 51–53. [In Russian.]
Cabanis, J. (1875) [Ueber Scops obsoleta n. sp. und Buteo ventralis Gould]. Journal für Ornithologie, 23, 126–127.
Cowan, P.J. (2006) Middle Asia versus Central Asia in OSME usage. Sandgrouse, 28, 62–65.
Cowan, P.J. (2007) Geographic usage of the terms Middle Asia and Central Asia. Journal of Arid Environments, 69, 359–363.
Cramp, S. (Ed., 1985) The birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. 4: Terns to woodpeckers. Oxford University Press, Oxford, [7] + 960 pp.
Dement’ev, G.P. (1939) Tipy ornitologičeskoj kollekcii Zoologičeskogo muzeâ Moskovskogo universiteta. Č. I. Accipitres, Striges, Corvidae [Types in the ornithological collection of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow University. Pt. 1. Accipitres, Striges, Corvidae]. Sbornik Trudov Gosudarstvennogo Zoologičeskogo Muzeâ pri MGU, 5, 27–32. [In Russian.]
Dement’ev, G.P. (1951) Otrâd sovy. Striges ili Strigiformes [Order Owls. Striges or Strigiformes]. In: Dement’ev, G.P. & Gladkov, N.A. (Eds.), Pticy Sovetskogo soûza [Birds of the Soviet Union]. Vol. 1. Sovetskaâ Nauka, Moskva, pp. 342–429. [In Russian.]
Dickinson, E.C. (Ed., 2003) The Howard and Moore Complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3rd rev. ed. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp.
Eastham, C.P., Nicholls, M.K. & Fox, N.C. (2000) Post-mortem shrinkage in large falcons. Newsletter of the Middle East Falcon Research Group, 17, 1–4.
Eversmann, E. (1823a) Reise nach Buchara. E. H. G. Christiani, Berlin, viii + 151 + 33 pp.
Eversmann, E. (1823b) Embassy to Bucharia by Dr. Eversmann, physician, and Mr. Jakovlew, secretary to the Embassy. In: Anonymous (Ed.), New voyages and travels. Vol. 9. Sir Richard Phillips and Co., London, pp. 11–61. [This is an abbreviated translation of Eversmann 1823a, supplemented with a few letters written by Mr. Âkovlev, member of the expedition.]
Eversmann, E. (1848) Einige Beiträge zur Mammalogie und Ornithologie des Russischen Reichs. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 21(1), 186–227.
Eversmann, E. (1853) Einige Beiträge zur Ornithologie Russlands. Journal für Ornithologie, 1: 57–64, 282–286. [Reprint of the ornithological part of Eversmann 1848.]
Fischer, G. (1821) Lettre adressée au nom de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, à l’un de ses membres M. le Docteur Chrétien-Henri Pander. Moscou [= Moskva], 15 pp.
Gibbs, D., Barnes, E. & Cox, J. (2001) Pigeons and doves. A guide to the pigeons and doves of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, 615 pp.
Giebel, C.G. (1875) Thesaurus ornithologiae. Repertorium der gesammten ornithologischen Literatur und Nomenclator sämmtlicher Gattungen und Arten der Vögel nebst Synonymen und geographischer Verbreitung. Vol. 2. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, vi + 787 pp.
Goodman, S.M. & Meininger, P.L. (Eds., 1989) The birds of Egypt. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xxi + 551 pp.
Greenwood, J.G. (1979) Post-mortem shrinkage of Dunlin Calidris alpina skins. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists‘ Club, 99, 143–145.
Hartert, E. (1903–1922) Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1–3. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, xlix + 2328 pp.
Hartert, E. (1903) Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 1). R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, pp. i–xi, 1–112.
Hartert, E. (1905) Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 3). R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 241–348.
Hartert, E. (1916) Notes on pigeons. Novitates Zoologicae, 23, 78–88.
Hartert, E. (1920) Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 3 (Heft 11-12). R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1345–1600.
Hartert, E. (1921) Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 3 (Heft 17). R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 2021–2148.
Hartert, E. & Steinbacher, F. (1932–1938) Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Ergänzungsband. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, v + 602 pp.
Hellmayr, C.E. (1903) Paridae, Sittidae und Certhiidae. In: Schulze, F.E. (Ed.): Das Tierreich. Vol. 18. R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, pp. ii–xxxi, 1–255.
Hesse, E. (1916) Bemerkungen über einige Sylviiden-Formen. Journal für Ornithologie, 64, 268–275.
Hume, A.O. (1872) Ephialtes Brucei, the Striated Scops Owl, Sp. Nov. Stray Feathers, 1, 8–10.
ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.
Kalâkin, M.V. (2001) Semejstvo Corvidae [Family Corvidae]. In: Pavlinov, I.Â. & Borisenko, A.V. (Eds.), Tipy pozvonočnych v Zoologičeskom muzee Moskvoskogo universiteta [Types of vertebrates in the Zoological Museum of the Moscow University]. – Sbornik Trudov Zoologičeskogo Muzeâ, 41, 134–137. Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, Moskva. [In Russian.]
König, C., Weick, F. & Becking, J.-H. (1999) Owls. A guide to the owls of the world. Pica Press, Mountfield, 462 pp.
Kuczyński, L., Tryjanowski, P., Antczak, P., Skoracki, M. & Hromada, M. (2002) Repeatability of measurements and shrinkage after skinning: the case of the Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 51, 127–130.
Laubmann, A. (1913) Parus bokharensis Licht. und seine geographischen Formen in Turkestan. Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern, 11, 269–275.
Le Roi, O. (1923) Die Ornis der Sinai-Halbinsel. Journal für Ornithologie, 71: 28–95, 196–252.
Lichtenstein, H. (1822) Herrn Dr. Eversmanns vierte Sendung, enthaltend bucharische und kirgisische Thiere. Unpublished manuscript deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Historische Bild- u. Schriftgutsammlungen, Bestand: Zool. Mus., Signatur: ZMB, S I, Eversmann, E, Blatt 14–16.
Lichtenstein, H. (1823a) Naturhistorischer Anhang. In: Eversmann, E., Reise nach Buchara. E. H. G. Christiani, Berlin, pp. 111–150.
Lichtenstein, H. (1823b) Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen. T. Trautwein, Berlin, x + 118 pp.
Lichtenstein, H. (1825) Verzeichniss der Gegenstände, welche die Doctoren Ehrenberg und Hemprich im Jahr 1824, in Arabien und Syrien gesammelt und in ihrer neunten (8ten) [sic!] Sendung überschickt haben. Unpublished manuscript deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Historische Bild- u. Schriftgutsammlungen, Bestand: Zool. Mus., Signatur ZMB S I, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, I (pp. 175–176) und III (pp. 183–185).
Lichtenstein, H. (1826) Zoologie. In: Meyendorff, G. de, Voyage d’Orenbourg à Boukhara. Librairie Orientale de Dondey-Dupré Père et Fils., Paris, pp. 381–479. [translation of the zoological part of Lichtenstein 1823a; birds on pp. 403–446.]
Lichtenstein, H. (1854) Nomenclator avium Musei zoologici berolinensis. Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, viii + 123 pp.
Marks, J.S., Cannings, R.J. & Mikkola, H. (1999) Family Strigidae (typical owls). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (Eds.), Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 5. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 76–242.
Meyendorff, G. de (1826) Voyage d’Orenbourg à Boukhara, fait en 1820 a travers les steppes qui s’étendent a l’est de la mer d’Aral et au-dela de l’ancien Jaxartes. Librairie Orientale de Dondey-Dupré Père et Fils, Paris, xii + 509 pp.
Michahelles, [K.] (1830) Ueber einige Dalmatinische Vertebraten, die zugleich im westlichen Asien vorkommen. Isis 1830: col. 809–820.
Mlíkovský, J. (2009) Spelling of authors’ names: sources of variation and proposals for standardization. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 109, in press.
Mlíkovský, J. & Frahnert, S. (Ms) Type specimens and type localities of birds collected during Wilhelm Hemprich’s and Christian Ehrenberg’s expedition to Lebanon in 1824. Manuscript.
Moldovan, I. (2009) Checklist of the birds of Egypt. Available from http://www.birdinginegypt.com/checklist.htm (last accessed 6 August 2009)
Mukherjee, A.K. (1958) A new race of the Striated Scops Owl, Otus brucei (Home) [sic!], from West Asia. Records of the Indian Museum, 53, 301–302.
Pedersen, T.T. (2009) Transliteration of non-Roman scripts. Available from http://transliteration.eki.ee/ (last accessed 3 July 2009)
Peters, J.L. (1940) Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. 4. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, xii + 291 pp.
Peterson, A.P. (2009) Zoological nomenclature resource (Zoonomen). Available from http://www.zoonomen.net (last accessed 6 July 2009).
Pittie, A. (2006) The dates of six taxa described by A.O. Hume (Puffinus persicus, Ephialtes brucei and Ninox obscurus) and W.E. Brooks (Cyornis poliogenys, Phylloscopus sindianus and Calandrella tibetana). Indian Birds, 2, 132–136.
Richmond, C.W. (s.d.) Images of the cards in the Richmond Index, Bird Division, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Available from http://www.zoonomen.net (last accessed 11 December 2008).
Rustamov, A.K. (1954) Semejstvo voronovye Corvidae [Family crows Corvidae]. In: Dement’ev, G.P. & Gladkov, N.A. (Eds.), Pticy Sovetskogo soûza. Vol. 5. Sovetskaâ nauka, Moskva, pp. 13–104. [In Russian.]
Soucek, S. (2000) A history of Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xiii + 369 pp.
Steinheimer, F.D. (2005) The type specimens of Paradisaeidae, Cnemophilidae and Ptilonorhynchidae (Aves) in the Museum für Naturkunde of the Humboldt-University of Berlin. Zootaxa, 1072, 1–25.
Stepanân, L.S. (2003) Konspekt ornitologičeskoj fauny Rossii i sopredel’nyh territorij (v granicah SSSR kak istoričeskoj oblasti) [Conspectus of the ornithological fauna of Russia and adjacent territories (within the borders of the USSR as a historical region)]. Akademkniga, Moskva, 808 pp. [In Russian.]
Stresemann, E. (1928) Ist Sylvia caligata Lichtenstein eine Hippolais? Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 36, 51–52.
Stresemann, E. (1954) Hemprich und Ehrenberg. Reisen zweier naturforschender Freunde im Orient geschildert in ihren Briefen aus den Jahren 1819-1826. Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1954(1), 1–177.
Stresemann, E. (1958) Briefe von und über Eduard Eversmann aus den Jahren 1816–1822. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 34, 221–243.
Stresemann, E. (1962) Hemprich und Ehrenberg zum Gedenken. Ihre Reise zum Libanon im Sommer 1824 und deren ornithologische Ergebnisse. Journal für Ornithologie, 103, 380–388.
Sudilovskaâ, A.M. (1959) Tipy ornitologičeskogo sobraniâ Zoologičeskogo muzeâ Moskovskogo universiteta. Čast’ I. Vorob’innye [Types in the ornithological collection of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow University. Part 1. Passeriformes]. Ornitologiâ, 2, 81–88. [In Russian.]
Sudilovskaâ, A.M. (1973) O tipe roda i vida Podoces panderi Fischer [On the type of the genus and species Podoces panderi Fischer]. Naučnye Doklady Vysšej Školy (Biologiâ), 1973(8), 19–20. [In Russian.]
Sudilovskaâ, A.M. (1977) Vtoroe dopolnenie k spisku tipov ornitologičeskogo sobraniâ Zoologičeskogo muzeâ Moskovskogo universiteta [Second addition to the list of types in the ornithological collection of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow University]. Ornitologiâ, 13, 157–159. [In Russian.]
Vaurie, C. (1960) Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 43. Strigidae: the genera Otus, Aegolius, Ninox, and Tyto. American Museum Novitates, 2021, 1–19.
Vaurie, C. (1965) The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Non-Passeriformes. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, xxi + 763 pp.
Vepsäläinen, K. (1968) Wing length of Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) before and after skinning with remarks on measuring methods. Ornis Fennica, 45, 124–126.
Zarudnyj, N.A. & Bil’kevič’, S.I. (1912) Bol’šaâ bělaâ sinica (Parus bokharensis Licht.) i eâ rasy [Turkestan Tit (Parus bokharensis Licht.) and its races]. Ornitologičeskij Vestnik, 3, 123–150. [In Russian.]
Zarudnyj, N.[A.] & Härms, M. (1902) Neue Vogelarten. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 10, 49–54.
Zarudnyj [Sarudny], N.[A.] & Härms, M. (1913) Über Parus bokharensis Licht. und seine nächsten Verwandten. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 21, 141–143.
Zarudnyj [Sarudny], N.A. & Loudon, [H.] (1905) Beschreibung dreier neuen paläarktischen Meisen. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 13, 108–110.