Abstract
The fungus gnat fauna of Sardinia is reviewed and data presented for all species recorded. Altogether one species of Bolitophilidae, 16 species of Keroplatidae and 105 species of Mycetophilidae are recognised as occurring in Sardinia. As the bolitophilid and two of the mycetophilid species are represented only by females and are not determined to species level, the total confirmed Sardinian list stands at 119 species. Four species of Keroplatidae and 19 species of Mycetophilidae are new to the total Italian fauna, whereas three species of Keroplatidae and 32 species of Mycetophilidae are newly recorded for the island of Sardinia. Six species are described as new to science: two Keroplatidae (Urytalpa juliae sp. nov., Macrocera nuragica sp. nov.) and four Mycetophilidae (Boletina ichnusa sp. nov., Trichonta sandalyon sp. nov., Sciophila benjaminbottomi sp. nov., Sciophila immodesta sp. nov.). The new synonymy Zygomyia valida Winnertz, 1863 = Zygomyia simplex Strobl, 1895 syn. nov. is established. Macrocera penicillata Costa, 1857 is tentatively considered as a synonym of M. phalerata Meigen, 1818. Label data are provided for 5 and 17 species recorded without further detail in the Fauna Europaea online database, respectively from Italian mainland and Sicily; one species, Mycetophila alea Laffoon, 1965 is newly recorded for Sicily. Three species based onunconfirmed 19 th century records cited by Hellrigl from South Tyrol should be deleted from the Italian list: Exechiopsis indecisa (Walker, 1856), Mycetophila signata Meigen, 1830 and Mycomya storai Väisänen, 1979.References
Bechev, D. (1988) Sciophila zaitzevi n. sp. from Bulgaria. Reichenbachia, 25, 187–188.
Bechev, D. (1989) Monocentrota matilei n. sp. from Bulgaria and Algeria (Insecta, Diptera: Keroplatidae). Reichenbachia, 26, 173–174.
Bechev, D. (1991) Macrocera gemagea sp.n. from Bulgaria (Insecta, Diptera: Mycetophiloidea). Reichenbachia, 28, 185–186.
Bechev, D. & Koç, H. (2006) Two new species of Sciophila Meigen (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Turkey, with a key to the Western Palaearctic species of the S. lutea Macquart group. Zootaxa, 1253, 61–68.
Bechev, D. & Koç, H. (2008) Urytalpa chandleri sp. n. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from Turkey, with a key to the Western Palaearctic species of the genus. Zootaxa, 1676, 29–36.
Becker, T. (1907) Die Ergebnisse meiner dipterologischen Frühjahrsreise nach Algier und Tunis, 1906. Zeitschrift für Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 6, 273–287, 353–367.
Becker, T. (1908) Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 4, 1–180.
Bezzi, M. (1892) Contribuzione alla fauna ditterologica della provincia di Pavia. Parte seconda. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 24, 64–82, 97–151.
Bosc, L.A.G. (1792) Keroplatus. Actes de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1, 42–43.
Bukowski, W. (1934) Neue und abweichende Formen von Pilzmücken (Diptera, Fungivoridae) aus der Krim. Konowia, 13, 184–192.
Bukowski, W. (1949) New species of fungus gnats (Diptera, Fungivoridae) from Crimea. Entomologicheskoe Óbozrenie, 30, 405–409 [In Russian.].
Burghele-Balacesco, A. (1965) Specii noi de Mycetophilidae cavernicole din Romania. Lucrările Institutului de Speologie “Emil Racovitã”, 4, 171–179.
Burghele-Balacesco, A. (1966) Les Mycetophilidae (Diptères) cavernicoles de la collection Biospeologica (IVe-VIIIe séries des ”Grottes visitées”). International Journal of Speleology, 2, 319–334.
Caspers, N. (1991) New and remarkable species of Mycetophiloidea (Diptera, Nematocera) from the Mediterranean region. Spixiana, 14(3), 321–338.
chandler, p.j. (1991) New species and additions to the British list of the fungus gnat genera Zygomyia Winnertz and Sceptonia Winnertz (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 4, 143–155.
Chandler, P.J. (1993) The Holarctic species of the Mycetophila fungorum (De Geer) group (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 6, 5–11.
Chandler, P.J. (1994) Fungus gnats of Israel (Diptera: Sciaroidea, excluding Sciaridae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 28, 1–100.
Chandler, P.J. (2001) Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea) new to Britain. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 13, 215–243.
Chandler, P.J. (2003a) Keroplatidae. In: Cerretti, P., Tagliapietra, A., Tisato, M., Vanin, S., Mason, F. & Zapparoli, M. (Eds) Artropodi dell’orizzonte del faggio nell’appennino settentrionale. Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 2. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova, p. 127.
Chandler, P.J. (2003b) Diadocidiidae. In: Cerretti, P., Tagliapietra, A., Tisato, M., Vanin, S., Mason, F. & Zapparoli, M. (Eds), Artropodi dell’orizzonte del faggio nell’appennino settentrionale. Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 2. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova, pp.127–128.
Chandler, P.J. (2003c) Mycetophilidae. In: Cerretti, P., Tagliapietra, A., Tisato, M., Vanin, S., Mason, F. & Zapparoli, M. (Eds), Artropodi dell’orizzonte del faggio nell’appennino settentrionale. Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 2. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova, pp. 128–136.
Chandler, P.J. (2004a) Fauna Europaea: Mycetophilidae. In: De Jong, H. (Ed), Fauna Europaea: Diptera, Nematocera. Fauna Europaea version 1.1, available at http://www.faunaeur.org [accessed September 2009 as version 1.3 of April 19th 2007.]
Chandler, P.J. (2004b) Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae). In: Cerretti, P., Hardersen, S., Mason, F., Nardi, G., Tisato, M. & Zapparoli, M. (Eds), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana. Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore, Verona, pp. 195–203.
Chandler, P.J. (2007) Short notes 38. Diptera, Mycetophilidae. In: Nardi, G. & Vomero, V. (Eds), Artropodi del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: ricerche preliminari. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 4. Cierre Edizioni, Verona, pp. 52–53.
Chandler, P.J. (2008) Fungus gnats (Diptera: Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) from Belluno province. In: Hardersen, S., Mason, F., Viola, F., Campedel, D., Lasen, C. & Cassol, M. (Eds), Research on the natural heritage of the reserves Vincheto di Celarda and Val Tovanella (Belluno province, Italy). Conservation of two protected areas in the context of a LIFE Project. Quaderni Conservazione Habitat, 5. Arti Grafiche Fiorini, Verona, pp. 219–237.
Chandler, P.J., Bechev, D.N. & Caspers, N. (2006) The Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) of Greece, its islands and Cyprus. Studia Dipterologica, 12 [2005], 255–314.
Chandler, P.J. & Blasco-Zumeta, J. (2001) The fungus gnats (Diptera, Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) of the Monegros region (Zaragoza, Spain) and five other new European species of Pyratula Edwards and Sciophila Meigen. Zapateri. Revista Aragonesa de Entomologia, 9, 1–24.
Chandler, P.J. & Gatt, P. (2000) Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) from the Maltese Islands. Studia dipterologica, 7, 69–81.
Chandler, P.J. & Ribeiro, E. (1995) The Sciaroidea (Diptera) (excluding Sciaridae) of the Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores). Boletim do Museu municipal do Funchal (História Natural), Suplemento, 3, 1–170.
Coher, E.I. (1995) Contribution to a revision of the genus Azana Walker, 1856 (Insecta: Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae). Reichenbachia, 31, 83–91.
Costa, A. (1857) Contribuzione alla fauna ditterologica Italiana. Il Giambattista Vico, Giornale di Scienze, 2, 438–460.
Costa, A. (1882) Notizie ed osservazioni sulla Geo-Fauna sarda. Memoria Prima. Risultamento di ricerche fatte in Sardegna nel Settembre 1881. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli, 9(11), 1–41.
Costa, A. (1883) Notizie ed osservazioni sulla Geo-Fauna sarda. Memoria Seconda. Risultamento di ricerche fatte in Sardegna nella primavera del 1882. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli, serie seconda, 1(2), 1–109.
Costa, O.G. (1844) Descrizione di una novella specie del genera Ceroplatus ed enumerazione de Ditteri raccolti ne’ viaggi del 1834 e 36 (I). Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli, 5 [1843], 109–114.
Czerny, L. & Strobl, G.P. (1909) Spanische Dipteren. III Beitrag. Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 59, 121–401.
Dahl, C., Krivosheina, N.P., Krzeminska, E., Lucchi, A., Nicolai, P., Salamanna, G., Santini, L., Skuhravá, M. & Zwick, P. (1995) Diptera Blephariceromorpha, Bibionomorpha, Psychodomorpha, Ptychopteromorpha. In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (Eds), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 64. Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1–39.
De Geer, C. (1776) Mémoires pour servir à l’Histoire des Insectes. Stockholm, 6, 1–522.
Dziedzicki, H. (1884) Przyczynek do fauny owadów dwuskrzydłych. I. Teil (Mycothera, Mycetophila, Staegeria). Pamietnik Fizyjograficzny, 4, 298–324.
Dziedzicki, H. (1885) II. Przyczynek do fauny owadów dwuskrzydłych. Rodzaje nowe: Hertwigia nov. gen., Eurycera nov. gen. i gatunki rodzajów: Boletina, Sciophila. Pamietnik Fizyjograficzny, 5(3),164–194.
Dziedzicki, H. (1910) Zur Monographie der Gattung Rymosia Winn. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 77, 89–104.
Dziedzicki, H. (1915) Atlas des organes génitaux (Hypopygium) des types de Winnertz et des genres de sa collection de Mycétophiles. Publications de la Société des Sciences de Varsovie, 3, 1–16.
Edwards, F.W. (1913) Notes on British Mycetophilidae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1913, 334–382.
Edwards, F.W. (1925) British Fungus-Gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised Generic Classification of the Family. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 73, 505–670.
Edwards, F.W. (1928) The Nematocerous Diptera of Corsica. Encyclopédie Entomologique (Série B), 4. Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 157–189.
Edwards, F.W. (1941) Notes on British fungus-gnats (Dipt., Mycetophilidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 77, 67–82.
Evenhuis, N.L. (2006) Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 13, 1–178.
Fabricius, J.C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibuas, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae [= Flensburg and Leipzig], 832 pp.
Gagné, R.J. (1981) A Monograph of Trichonta with a Model for the Distribution of Holarctic Mycetophilidae (Diptera). Technical Bulletin. United States Department of Agriculture, 1638, 1–64.
Gimmerthal, B.A. (1846) Zweiter Beitrag zu einer künftig zu bearbeitenden Dipterologie Russlands. Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes de Moscou, 19, 3–82.
Gmelin, J.F. (1790) Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata [= Ed. 13]. Vol. 1: Regnum Animale, Pt 5. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], pp. 2225–3020.
Grzegorzek, A. (1885) Neue Mycetophiliden. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 29, 199–296.
Hellrigl, K.V. (1996) Zweiflüger – Diptera. In: Hellrigl, K.V. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Südtirols. Kommentiertes systematisch-faunistisches Verzeichnis der auf dem Gebiet der Provinz Bozen – Südtirol (Italien) bekannten Tierarten. Veröffentlichungen des Naturmuseums Südtirol, 1, 619–670.
Hutton, F.W. (1881) Catalogue of the New Zealand Diptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, with descriptions of the species. Colonial Museum and Geological Survey of New Zealand. G. Didsbury, Government Printer, Wellington, x + 132 pp.
Kjærandsen, J. (2009) The genus Pseudexechia Tuomikoski recharacterized, with a review of European species (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Zootaxa, 2056, 1-45.
Kjærandsen, J., Hedmark, K., Kurina, O., Polevoi, A., Økland, B. & Götmark, F. (2007a) Annotated checklist of fungus gnats from Sweden (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, Supplements, 65, 1–128.
Kjærandsen, J., Kurina, O. & Olafsson, E. (2007b) The fungus gnats of Iceland (Diptera, Keroplatidae & Mycetophilidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, Suppl. 64, 61–96.
Kjærandsen, J., Martinsson, S., Hedmark, K. & Evenhuis, N.L. (2009) On the genus Urytalpa Edwards (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in the Nordic and Nearctic Regions, with the fixation of a new type species and a key to world males. Zootaxa, 2160, 29–50.
Kurina, O. (2008) Sciaroidea excl. Sciaridae. In: Ziegler, J. (Ed.), Diptera Stelviana. A dipterological perspective on a changing alpine landscape. Volume 1. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 16, pp. 245–293.
Laffoon, J. (1965) Family Mycetophilidae (Fungivoridae). In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H. & Coulson, J. (Eds), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico, Washington, pp. 169–229.
Landrock, K. (1912a) Zur Monographie der gattung Bolitophila Meig. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 57, 33–51.
Landrock, K. (1912b) Neue oder seltene Mycetophiliden aus Mähren. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 31, 27–39.
Landrock, K. (1918) Tabellen zum Bestimmen europäischer Pilzmücken. II. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 107–120.
Landrock, K. (1927) 8. Fungivoridae (Mycetophilidae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region. Band III. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 1–196.
Landrock, K. (1940) Zweiflüger oder Diptera. VI: Pilzmücken oder Fungivoridae (Mycetophilidae). In: Dahl, F. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 38. Jena, pp.1–166.
Laštovka, P. & Kidd, L. (1975) Review of the British and notes on other species of the Mycetophila ruficollis -group, with the description of a new species (Dipt., Mycetophilidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 110, 203–214
Laštovka, P. & Matile, L. (1974) Mycetophilidae (Diptera) de Mongolie. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 20, 93–135.
Loew, H. (1869) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 13, 129–186.
Loew, H. (1871) Beschreibungen europäischer Dipteren. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Von Johann Wilhelm Meigen, Halle, 2, VIII + 1–319 pp.
Lundström, C. (1909) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Dipteren Finlands. IV. Supplement Mycetophilidae. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 32, 1–63.
Lundström, C. (1911) Neue oder wenig bekannte europäische Mycetophiliden. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 390–419.
Lundström, C. (1912) Neue oder wenig bekannte europäische Mycetophiliden. II. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 10, 514–522.
Lundström, C. (1913) Neue oder wenig bekannte europäische Mycetophiliden. III. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 11, 305–322.
Macquart, J. (1826) Insectes Diptères du nord de la France. Tipulaires. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts à Lille, 1823–1824, 59–224.
Martinovský, J. (2001) New records on little-known western Palaearctic Macrocera Meigen, with a description of M. jonica sp.n. from Greece (Diptera: Keroplatidae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 45, 109–114.
Mason, F., Cerretti, P., Nardi, G., Whitmore, D., Birtele, D., Hardersen, S. & Gatti, E. (2006) Aspects of biological diversity in the CONECOFOR plots. IV. The InvertebrateBiodiv pilot project. In: Ferretti, M., Petriccione, B., Bussotti, F. & Fabbio, G. (Eds), Aspects of biodiversity in selected forest ecosystems in Italy: status and changes over the period 1996-2003. Third report of the Task Force on Integrated and Combined (I&C) evaluation of the CONECOFOR programme. Annali dell’Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura, 30 (Suppl. 2), 51–70.
Matile, L. (1963a) Un Diptère Mycetophilidae nouveau. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 68, 40–44.
Matile, L. (1963b) Deux nouveaux Mycétophilides du genre Rhymosia de France (Diptera, Nematocera). Revue Française d’Entomologie, 30, 190–192.
Matile, L. (1967) Note sur les Mycetophilidae de la région pyrénéenne et description de quatre espèces nouvelles (Dipt., Nematocera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 72, 121–126, 209–217.
Matile, L. (1974) Notes sur les Mycetophilidae (Diptera) de la faune de France. III. Le genre Neuratelia. L’Entomologiste, 30, 26–34.
Matile, L. (1975) Révision des Asindulum et des Macrorrhyncha de la région paléarctique (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (Nouvelle Série), 11 [1976], 491–515.
Matile, L. (1977) Catalogue provisoire des Diptères Mycetophilidae de la Faune de France. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie, 319, 621–655.
Matile, L. (1980) Complément au Catalogue des Mycetophilidae de France. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 85, 93–102.
Matile, L. (2002) Notes sur le genre Greenomyia Brunetti et description d'une espèce nouvelle des Alpes et des Apennins (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 38, 13–16.
Meigen, J.W. (1804) Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde, 2, 250–281.
Meigen, J.W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Aachen, 1, xxxvi + 1–333 pp.
Meigen, J.W. (1830) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Hamm, 6, xi + 1–401 pp.
Meigen, J.W. (1838) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Supplement. Hamm, 7, xiii + 1–434 pp.
Müller, O.F. (1764) Fauna insectorum Fridrichsdalina, sive methodica descripta insectorum agri Fridrichsdalensis, cum characteribus genericis et specificis, nominibus trivialibus, locis natalibus, iconibus allegatis, novisque pluribus speciebus additis. I.F. Gleditschii, Hafniae et Lipsiae [= Copenhagen and Leipzig], xxiv + 96 pp.
Ostroverkhova, G.P. (1979) Fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea) of Siberia. Tomsk, 308 pp. [In Russian.]
Palm, I (1869) Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna Tirols. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 30, 395–454.
Papp, L. (2003) Further additions and corrections to the Hungarian checklist (Diptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 64, 309–339.
Papp, L. & Ševčík, J. (2007) Grzegorzekia hungarica sp. n. and new records of European Mycetophilidae and Bolitophilidae (Diptera). Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae, 47, 187–193.
Plassmann, E. (1990) Zwei neue Pilzmücken aus Ungarn (Diptera, Nematocera, Mycetophilidae). Spixiana, 13, 273–275.
Plassmann, E. (1999) Neue bayerische und schwedische Pilzmücken (Diptera, Nematocera, Sciaroidea, Mycetophilidae). Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologische Gesellschaft, 89, 5–9.
Roser, C.F.L. von (1840) Erster Nachtrag zu dem im Jahre 1834 bekannt gemachten Verzeichnisse in Württemberg vorkommender zweiflügeligen Insekten. Correspondenz-Blatt des Königlich württembergischen landwirthscaftlichen Vereins, Stuttgart, 17, 49–64.
Santos Abreu, E. (1920) Monografia de los Fungivoridos de las Islas Canarias. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 16, 1–152.
Santini, L. (1980) Contributo all conoscenza dei micetofilidi Italiani. 1. Osservazioni preliminari sull’etologia di Keroplatus testaceus Dalm., Keroplatus tipuloides Bosc, Cerotelion lineatus F. (Diptera, Keroplatidae) e Leptomorphus walkeri Curtis (Diptera, Sciophilinae). Atti XII Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, Roma, 2, 469–471.
Scopoli, J.A. (1763) Entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linnaeana. Tratner, Vindobonae [= Vienna], 421 pp.
Ševčík, J. (2001) New records of Diadocidiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) from the Czech Republic. Časopis Slezského Zemského Muzea, Opava (Série A), 50, 159–169.
Ševčík, J. (2005) New records of Bolitophilidae, Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Mycetobiidae (Diptera) from Slovakia. Biologia, Bratislava, 60, 588–598.
Ševčík, J. & Laštovka, P. (2008) Two new European species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Biologia, 63 [2007], 117–119.
Ševčík, J. & Papp, L. (2002) Mycetophilidae (Diptera): additions and corrections to the “Checklist of the Diptera of Hungary”. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 63, 149–156.
Søli, G.E.E. (1997) The systematics and phylogeny of Coelosia Winnertz, 1863 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 50, 57–139.
Søli, G.E.E., Vockeroth, R.J. & Matile, L. (2000) Families of Sciaroidea. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contribution to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Appendix. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 49–92.
Staeger, R.C. (1840) Systematisk fortegnelse over de i Danmark hidtil funde Diptera. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 3, 228–288.
Stannius, F.H. (1831) Observationes de speciebus nonnullis generis Mycetophila vel novis, vel minus cognitis. Vratislaviae [= Wrocław], 30 pp.
Steenberg, C.M. (1924) Étude sur deux espèces dont les larves se forment de leur excréments une couche protectrice: la Phronia strenua Winn. et la P. johannae n. sp. (Diptera, Nematocera). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 78, 1–51, 211.
Strobl, G. (1893) Beiträge zur Dipterenfauna des Österreichischen Littorale. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 12, 161–170.
Strobl, G. (1895) Die Dipteren von Steiermark. 3. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 31, 121–246.
Strobl, G. (1898) Die Dipteren von Steiermark. 4 (Nachtr. I). Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 34, 192–298.
Toft, R.J & Chandler, P.J. (2004) Three introduced species of Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) established in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist, 27, 43–49.
Tollet, R. (1959) Contribution a l’étude des Diptères cavernicoles des grottes d’Italie et de Suisse et description de deux Mycetophilidae nouveaux. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique, 95, 205–227.
Uesugi, K. (2004) Fungus gnats of the genus Urytalpa Edwards (Diptera: Keroplatidae). Entomological Science, 7, 369–376.
Väisänen, R. (1979) New species of the genus Mycomya (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from Finland. Annales Entomologici Fennici, 45, 109–115.
Väisänen, R. (1984) A monograph of the genus Mycomya Rondani in the Holarctic region (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 177, 1–346.
Vigna Taglianti, A., Audisio, P.A., Biondi, M., Bologna, M.A., Carpaneto, G.M., De Biase, A., Fattorini, S., Piattella, E., Sindaco, R., Venchi, A. & Zapparoli, M. (1999) A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palaearctic region. Biogeographia, Lavori della Società Italiana di Biogeografia (n.s.), 20, 31–59.
Wahlberg, P.F. (1839) Bidrag till svenske dipternas Kännedom. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (3), 1839, 1–23.
Walker, F. (1837) Notes on Diptera. Entomological Magazine, 4, 226–230.
Walker, F. (1848) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. London, 229 pp.
Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica. Diptera. 3. London, xxiv + 352 pp.
Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1817) Neue Zweiflügler (Diptera Linn.) aus der Gegend um Kiel. Zoologisches Magazin, 1, 61–86.
Winnertz, J. (1863) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Pilzmücken (Mycetophilidae). Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 13, 637–964.
Wulp, F.M. van der (1859) Die Beschrijving van eenige twijfelachtige soorten van Diptera uit de familie der Nemocera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 2, 159–185.
Wulp, F.M. van der (1874) Dipterologische aanteekeningen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 17, 109–148.
Zaitzev, A.I. (1982) Fungus gnats of the genus Sciophila Meig. of the Holarctic Akademia Nauk SSSR, Izdatelistvo Nauka, Moscow, 1–75 pp. [In Russian.]
Zaitzev, A.I. (1985) Holarctic species of fungus gnats of the genus Brevicornu, groups fissicauda and proximum (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 1985 (5), 40–47. [In Russian.]
Zaitzev, A.I. (2001) New species of fungus gnats from Russia and Italy (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 9, 453–458.
Zaitzev, A.I. (2003) Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part II. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 14, 77–386.
Zaitzev, A.I. & Polevoi, A.V. (1995) New species of fungus gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from the Kivach Nature Reserve, Russian Karelia. Entomologica Fennica, 6, 185–195.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1838) Dipterologia Scandinaviae. Sect. 3: Diptera. In: Insecta Lapponica, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 1838, 477–868 pp.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1852) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae [= Lund], 11, i–xii + 4091–4545 pp.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1860) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae [= Lund], 14, 6191–6609 pp.