Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2010-10-06
Page range: 55–68
Abstract views: 65
PDF downloaded: 1

Checklist of the parasites of the black-necked swan, Cygnus melanocoryphus (Aves: Anatidae), with new records from Chile

Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de CienciasVeterinarias, Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile
Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de CienciasVeterinarias, Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya quay 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya quay 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
Helm West Laboratory, 2108 Hilda Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801, U.S.A.
Aves checklist parasites helminths Phthiraptera acari black necked swans Cygnus melanocoryphus trematode cestode nematode lice mites

Abstract

Black-necked swans (Cygnus melanocoryphus) are endemic to the southern cone of South America. Their range extends from Brazil and Paraguay south to Argentina and Chile. A total of 16 parasite species were collected from 7 swans from the Biobio region, Chile, of which 12 are new records for Chile and 11 represent new host records, Echinostoma trivolvis, Paranomostomum sp., Microsomacanthus sp., Nadejdolepis sp., Retinometra sp., Avioserpens sp., Capillaria skrjabini, Ingrassia cygni, Anatoecus penicillatus, A. icterodes and A. keymeri. A checklist is presented that summarizes sites of infections, localities, life cycles and their intermediate hosts (if known), and the pertinent references to demonstrate the wide diversity of parasites of black-necked swans. Our review of the existing literature (23 publications) along with our own records provided information on a total of 18 families and 27 genera, including 33 described species (some only identified to genus), of which 11 were recorded only in Chile (8 endoparasites and 3 ectoparasites), and 6 only in Argentina (4 endoparasites and 2 ectoparasites). Five parasites are known only from captive swans in European zoos. Parasites recorded from C. melanocoryphus include 23 helminths and 10 ectoparasites (one leech and 9 arthropods).

References

  1. Anderson, R.C. (2000) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission. 2nd. Ed. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 650 pp.

    Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (1974) CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, England, 86 pp.

    Arnold, D. (2005) Review of the Genus Ornithobius (Phthiraptera: Ichnocera: Philopteridae), with Descriptions of Two New Species. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 78, 158–166.

    Baer, J.G. (1937) Un genre nouveau de cestodes d’oiseaux. Bulletin de la Societé Nacional d’Acclimatization, France année, 84, 168–173.

    Bechstein, J.M. (1793) Getreue Abbildungen naturhistorischer Gegenstände in Hinsicht auf Bechsteins kurzgefasste gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des Inn- und Auslandes für Eltern, Hofmeister, Jugendlehrer, Erzieher und Liebhaber der Naturgeschichte. Hundert. 128 pp.

    Blanchard, E. (1849) Researches sur l’organisation de vers. Annales Des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie Et Biologie Animale, 10, 321–364.

    Blanchard, R. (1894) Hirudinées d l’Italie continentale et insulaire. Bullettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universitá di Torino, 9, 1–84.

    Boero, J.J. & Led, J.E. (1968) El parasitismo de la fauna autóctona. III. Los parásitos de las aves argentinas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, 10, 97–129.

    Boero, J.J., Led, J.E. & Brandetti, E. (1972) Algunos parásitos de la avifauna argentina. Analecta Veterinaria, 4, 17–34.

    Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (2008) Keys to the Trematoda. Volume 3. CABI Publishing, London, 824 pp.

    Brum, J.G., Coimbra, M.A., Albano, A.P. & Paulsen, R.M. (2005) Parasitos de animais silvestres no Rio Grande Do Soul: I-piolhos de alguns Anseriformes. Arquivos dos Instituto Biologico (São Paulo), 72, 261–262.

    Burmeister, H. (1838) Mallophaga Nitzsch. Handbuch der Entomologie, Berlin, 2, 418–443.

    Canestrini, G. (1891) Abbozzo del sistema acarologico. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 7, 699–725.

    Castro, D. del C. & Cicchino, A. (1996) Report on a collection of Mallophaga (Insecta) from Lake Pellegrini, Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 44, 371–376.

    Cicchino, A.C. & Castro, D. del C. (1998) Amblycera. In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscarón, S. (Eds.). Biodiversidad de Artrópodos argentinos. Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp 84–104.

    Clay, T. (1974) The Phthiraptera (Insecta) parasitic on Flamingoes (Phoenicopteridae: Aves). Journal of Zoology, London, 172, 483–490.

    Conrad, T.A. (1834) Descriptions of some new species of fresh water shells from Alabama, Tennessee. American Journal of Science and Arts, 25, 338–343.

    Cort, W. (1914) Larval trematodes from North American freshwater snails. Journal of Parasitology, 1, 65–84.

    Corti, P. & Schlatter, R. (2002) Feeding ecology of the Black-necked swan Cygnus melanocoryphus in two wetlands of Southern Chile. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 37, 9–14.

    Creplin, F.C. (1846) Nachträge zu Gurlt’s Verzeichniss der Thiere, bei welchen Entozoen gefunden worden sind. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 1, 325–330.

    Cummings, B.F. (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga, being a report upon a collection from the mammals and birds in the Society’s gardens. Part II. Proceedings of the Zoological SocietyofLondon, 86, 643–693.

    Curtis, P.E. & Britt, D.P. (1991) Leeches affecting a Black-necked swan. Veterinary Record, 129, 296.

    d’Orbigny, A. (1835) Synopsis terrestrium et fluviatilium molluscoum, in suo per Americam meridionalem itinere collectorum. Magasin de zoologie, 5, 1–44.

    del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (1992) Handbook of the birds of the World. Volume 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Editions. Barcelona, Spain, 696 pp.

    Denny, H. (1842) Monographia anoplurorum Britanniae or An essay on the British species of parasitic insects belonging to the order of Anoplura of Leach, with the modern divisions of the general according to the views of Leach, Nitzsch, and Burmeister. HG Bohn edition, London, 262 pp.

    Diesing, K.M. (1839) Neue gattungen von binnenwürmern nebst einem nachtrage zur monographie der Amphistomen. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte, 2, 219–242.

    Diesing, K.M. (1861) Revision der Nematoden. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Sitzungsberichte, Mathematischnaturwissenchaftlische Klasse, 42, 595–763.

    Dietz, E. (1909) Die Echinostomiden der vögel. Zoologische Anzeiger,34, 180–192.

    Digiani, M.C. (1997) El cisne de cuello negro Cygnus melanocorypha: nuevo hospedador de Zygocotyle lunata (Diesing) (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae). Neotropica. Notas Zoologicas Sudamericanas, Buenos Aires, 43, 84.

    Digiani, M.C. (2000) Digeneans and cestodes parasitic in the white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi (Aves: Threskiornithidae) from Argentina. Folia Parasitologica, 47, 195–204.

    Draparnaud, J.P.R. (1805) Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Ouvrage posthume. Avec XIII planches. Paris, Montpellier, 9 pp.

    Dubinin, V.B. (1953) Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part II. Families Epidermoptidae and Freyanidae. Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 6, 1–411.

    Dujardin, F. (1845) Histoire Naturelle des Helminthes ou vers Intestinaux. Librarie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, France. 449 pp.

    Dunker, W. (1848) Diagnoses speciarum novarum generis Planorbis collectionis Cumingianae. Proceedings of the Zoological SocietyofLondon, 16, 40–43.

    Eichler, W. (1941) Notulae Mallophagologicae. II. Neue Gattungen bei Haftfussfederlingen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 102, 125–128.

    Evans, G.O. (1992) Principles of Acarology. Wallingford: C.A.B. International, 563 pp.

    Fain, A. & Bochkov, A.V. (2003) Observations on the Pyroglyphidae (Acari: Astigmata) with description of a new genus and species from Cygnus melanocoryphus (Molina) (Aves:Anatidae). International Journal of Acarology, 29, 123–126.

    Fischoeder, R. (1901) Die Paramphistomiden der Säugetiere. Zoologische Anzeiger, 24, 367–375.

    Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W.T. (1982) The subfamilies of the Analgidae and Psoroptoididae (Acari: Analgoidea). Journal of Medical Entomology, 19, 299–305.

    Gibson, D.I., Jones, A. & Bray, R.A. (2002) Keys to the Trematoda. Volume 1.CABI Publishing, London, 544 pp.

    Giebel, C. (1874) Insecta epizoa. Otto Wigand (ed), Liepzig, 308 pp.

    Gmelin, J.F. (1789) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata, Pars III. Georg. Emanuel Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 1788–1793.

    Graczyk, T.K. & Shiff, C.J. (1993) Experimental infection of domestic ducks and rodents by Notocotylus attenuatus (Trematoda: Notocotylidae). Journal of Wildlife Disease, 29, 434–439.

    Haeckel, E. (1896) Systematische Phylogenie. Zweiter Theil: Systematische Phylogenie der wirbellosen Thiere (Invertebrata). Berlin. Verlag von Georg Reimer. 720 pp.

    Holt, P.C. (1965) The systematic position of the Branchiobdellidae (Annelida: Clitellata). Systematic Zoology, 4, 25–32.

    Jones, A., Bray, R.A. & Gibson, D.I. (2005) Keys to the Trematoda. Volume 2. CABI Publishing, London, 768 pp.

    Kellogg, V. (1896) New Mallophaga I. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 6, 31–168.

    Kéler, S. von (1960) Über die dualistische Differenzierung der Gattung Anatoecus Cummings (Mallophaga). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 20, 207–316.

    Khalil, M. & Vogelsang, E.G. (1932) One on some nematode parasites from South American Animals. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abt. I (Originale), 123, 477–485.

    Khalil, L.F., Jones, A. & Bray, R.A. (1994) Keys to the cestode parasites of vertebrates. The Natural History Museum, CAB International, London, U.K., 751 pp.

    Kock, R.A., Henderson, G.M., Appleby, E.C., Hawkey, C.M. & Cinderey, R.N. (1987) Acuariasis in water fowl at Whipsnade zoo. Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des 29. Internationalen Symposiums über die Erkrankungen der Zootiere von 20, pp 65–73.

    Kossack, W.F. (1911) Über monostomiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, 31, 491–590.

    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae:secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. (10th edition ed.). Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii), 824 pp.

    Lopez-Neyra, C.R. (1942) División del genero Hymenolepis Weinland (s. 1) en otros más naturales. Revista Ibérica de parasitología, 2, 46–93.

    Lutz, A. (1921) Zur kenntnis des entwicklungzyklus der holostomiden. Centralblatt für Bakteriologie 86, 124–129.

    Madsen, H. (1945) The species of Capillaria (nematodes, Trichinelloidea) parasitic in the digestive tract of Danish gallinaceous and anatine game birds, with a revised list of species of Capillaria in birds. Danish Review of Game Biology, 1, 1–112.

    Mascarenhas, C., Brum, J., Coimbra, M. & Sinkoc, A. (2009) Novos Hospedeiros para oÁcaro Nasal Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart) (Gamasida: Rhinonyssidae) no Brasil. Neotropical Entomology, 38, 695–696.

    Menke, C.T. (1830) Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierumearum, quae in museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. Editio altera, auctior et emendatior. Pyrmonti, (Uslar), 26pp.

    Mironov, S.V. (2007) Systematic notes on two genera of the feather mite family Psoroptoididae (Astigmata: Analgoidea). Acarina, 15, 135–141.

    Mironov, S.V. & Galloway, T.D. (2002) Four new species of feather mites (Acari: Analgoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 134, 605–618.

    Mjöberg, E. (1910) Studien über Mallophaga und Anoplura. Arkiv för Zoologi, 6, 1–296.

    Moravec, F. (1982) Proposal of a new systematic arrangement of nematodes of the family Capillariidae. Folia Parasitologica, 29, 119–132.

    Molina, J.I. (1782) Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Bologna, Stamperia di S. Tommaso d´Aquino, 349 pp.

    Müller, O.F. (1774) Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. Havniæ & Lipsiæ, 304 pp.

    Müller, O.F. (1776) Zoologiæ Danicæ prodromus, seu animalium Daniæ et Norvegiæ indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Havniæ. (Hallager), 274 pp.

    Muniz-Pereira, L.C. & Amato, S.B. (1998) Fimbriaria fasciolaris and Cloacotaenia megalops (Eucestoda, Hymenolepididae), cestodes from Brazilian waterfowl. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, 93, 767–772.

    Nitzsch, C.L. (1818) Die Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsekten (insecta epizoica); als Prodromus einer Naturgeschichte derselben. Magazin der Entomologie, 3, 261–316.

    Okulewicz, A. (1993) Capillariinae (Nematoda) palearktycznych ptakow. Prace Zooloogiczne, Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Wroclaw, 27, 5–147.

    Oliveira, C.M. (1970) Epomidiostomum vogelsangi em Cygnus melanchoryphus no Rio Grande do Sul. Revista de Medicina Veterinária, 6, 159–162.

    Ostrowski de Núñez, M. (1992) Trematoda. Familias Strigeidae, Diplostomidae, Clinostomidae, Schistosomatidae, Spirorchiidae y Bucephalidae. Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina, 9, 4–55.

    Ostrowski de Núñez, M., Spatz, L. & González, M.C. (2003) New Intermediate Host in the Life Cycle of Zygocotyle lunata in South America. Journal of Parasitology, 89, 193–194.

    Oudemans, A.C. (1905) Acarologische Aanteekeningen XVII. Entomologische Berichten, 1, 236–241.

    Pallas, P.S. (1771) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Rußischen Reichs. Erster Theil. St. Petersburg. (Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften), 504 pp.

    Palma, R. (1978) Slide-mounting of Lice: a Detailed Description of the Canada balsam technique. New Zealand Entomology, 6, 432–436.

    Palma, R.L., Johnson, K.P. & Clayton, D.H. The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24, pp. 1–448.

    Paraense, W.L. (1974) Biomphalaria oligoza N.N. for Tropicobis philippianus (Dunker) sensu Lucena. Revista Brasileira de Biología,34, 379–386.

    Paraense, W.L. (1975) Biomphalaria orbignyi n sp. From Argentina. Revista Brasileira de Biología, 35, 211–222.

    Pfeiffer, H. (1960) Hymenosphenacanthus bulbocirrosus spec. nov. (Hymenolepididae), a new tapeworm from the blacknecked swan. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 20, 345–349.

    Philippi, R.A. (1867) Kurze Notiz über zwei chilenische Blutegel. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 1, 76–78.

    Piaget, E. (1880) Les Pédiculines. Essai monographique. E. J. Brill, Leide. 714 pp.

    Poche, F. (1926) Das system der Platodaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte A, 91, 1–458.

    Poirier, J. (1886) Trematodes nouveaux ou pen connus. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, 10, 20–40.

    Price, R.D. (1971) A Review of the genus Holomenopon (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the Anseriformes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 64, 633–646.

    Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A. & Palma, R.L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A.,

    Railliet, A. & Henry, A. (1909) Les Cestodes des oiseaux par O. Fuhrmann. Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, 86, 337–338.

    Railliet, A. & Henry, A. (1914) Essai de classification des Heterakidae. IXe Congrès International de Zoologie: Tenue a Monacao du 25 au 30, pp. 674–682.

    Railliet, A. (1919) Nouveaux Trematodes du Chien, par Hall et Wigdor. Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, 95, 229–232.

    Ramdohr, F.A. (1808) Über die Gattung Cypris Müll. und drei zu dereselben gehörige neue Arten. Magazin der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesamten Naturkunde, 2, 85–93.

    Rudolphi, C.A. (1809) Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium historia naturalis 2. Amstelaedami, 560 pp.

    Rudolphi, C.A. (1819) Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplexet indices locupletissimi. Berolini, 811 pp.

    Saëz, H., Rinjard, J. & Kurdi, K. (1981) Parasitoses décelées parmi cinq espèces de Cygnes captifs. Zoologische Garten, Jena, 51, 170–176.

    Sars, G.O. (1903) On the crustacean fauna of central Asia. Part III. Copepoda and Ostracoda. Annuaire de Musée Zoologique de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, 8, 195–264.

    Spassky, A.A. (1955) On the presence in Rajataenia gerbilli Wertheim, 1954, of an isolated ovary and the allocation of this cestode to the family Catenotaeniidae. DokladyAkademii Nauk, 103, 945–948.

    Spassky, A.A. & Spasskaia, L.P. (1954) Systematic structure of the hymenolepids parasitic in birds. Trudy Gel’mintologicheskoi laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 7, 55–119.

    Sawyer, R.T. (1986) Leech biology and behaviour, 2. Feeding. Biology, Ecology, and Systematics. Oxford University Press, pp. 419–793.

    Say, T. (1817) Conchology. In: Nicholson, W. (Ed.), American edition of the British Encyclopedia, or, dictionary of arts and sciences comprising an accurate and popular view of the present improved state of human knowledge. First Edition. Philadelphia.

    Say, T. (1818) Account of two new genera, and several new species, of fresh water and land shells. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 276–284.

    Schlatter, R., Salazar, J., Villa, A. & Meza, J. (1991) Reproductive biology of Black- necked swans Cygnus melanocoryphus in three Chilean wetland areas. In: Sears, J. & Ba-con P.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third IWRB International swan Symposium, Oxford, 1989 Wildfowl, Supplement Number 1, pp 268–271.

    Schrank, F. von P. (1790) Forterkning pa nagre hittils obeskrifne intestinal. Krak K. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Stockholm, 2, 111–118.

    Seurat, L.G. (1913) Sur un dispharage de la cheveche et les affinites du genre Acuaria Bremser. Ibid, 74, 103–106.

    Solovev, P.F. (1912) Vers parasitaires des oiseaux du Turkestan. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo MuzeiaAkademii Nauk, 17, 86–115.

    Stunkard, H.W. (1917) Studies on North American Polystomidae, Aspidogastridae and Paramphistomoidea. University of Illinois, 114 pp.

    Sudarikov, V.E. (1959) Order Strigeidida (La Rue, 1926) Part 1. In: Skryabin, K. I. (Ed.) Trematodes of animals and man, Osnovy trematodologii, pp. 217–631.

    Szidat, L. (1928) Zur revision der trematodengattung Strigidea Abildgaard. Ctbl Barkt, 105, 204–215.

    Travassos, L. (1914) Contribuicoes para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica brazileira. 3. Sobre as especies brazileiras do genero Tetrameres Creplin, 1846. Ibid, 6, 150–162.

    Travassos, L. (1915) Contribuicoes para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica brazileira. V. sobre as especies brasileiras do genero Capillaria Zeder, 1800. Memoria do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 7, 146–172.