Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2011-12-23
Page range: 63–95
Abstract views: 205
PDF downloaded: 112

“Phylum Nematoda Cobb 1932. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness

Mike Hodda, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Nematoda

Abstract

-

References

  1. Abolafia, J. & Pena-Santiago, R. (2009) Nematodes of the order Rhabditida from Andalucia, Spain. The family Mesorhabditidae, with description of Mesorhabditis carmenae sp n. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 12, 41–64.

    Abolafia, J. & Pena-Santiago, R. (2011) Ablechroiulus spelaeus sp n. and A. dudichi Andrassy, 1970 from Andalucia Oriental, Spain, with a discussion of the taxonomy of the genus Ablechroiulus Andrassy, 1966 (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Rhabditidae). Zootaxa, 2922, 1–14.

    Adamson, M.L. (1987) Phylogenetic analysis of the higher classification of the nematodes. Canadian Journal Of Zoology, 65, 1478–1482.

    Adamson, M.L. & Buck, A. (1990) Pinworms from water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) with a description of a new species, Zonothrix columbianus sp.n. (Oxyurida, Pseudonymidae), from western Canada. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 57, 21–25.

    Adamson, M.L. & Van Waerebeke, D. (1992) Revision of the Thelastomatoidea, Oxyurida of invertebrate hosts 3. Hystrignathidae. Systematic Parasitology, 21, 169–188.

    Aguinaldo, A.M.A., Turbeville, J.M., Linford, L.S., Rivera, M.C., Garey, J.R., Raff, R.A. & Lake, J.A. (1997) Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals. Nature, 387, 489–493.

    Ahmad, M. & Jairajpuri, M.S. (1979) Nygolaimina of India. Proceedings of the Second National Congress of Parasitology Varanasi 1979, 29.

    Ahmad, M. & Jairajpuri, M.S. (1982) Nygolaimina of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 1982, 1–71.

    Ahmad, W. & Jairajpuri, M.S. (1983) 3 new species of Tylencholaimoidea (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) from India. Nematologica, 29, 367–374.

    Aleshin, V.V. (2004) Whether variable cleavage of Enoplida (Nematoda) is primitive? Notes to D.A. Voronov article "Comparative embryology of Nematoda and the law of embryonic similarity". Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii, 65, 74–80.

    Aleshin, V.V., Kedrova, O.S. & Miljutina, I.A. (1998) Relationships among nematodes based on the analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences: molecular evidence for monophyly of chromadorian and secernentian nematodes. Russian Journal of Nematology, 6, 175–184.

    Ali, M.S., Suryawanshi, M.V. & Chitty, K.Z. (1973) Two new species of Drilocephalobus Coomans & Goodey, 1965 (Nematoda: Drilocephalobidae n.fam.) from Marathwada, India with a revised classification of the superfamily Cephaloboidea (Paramonov, 1956) Paramonov, 1962. Nematologica, 19, 308–317.

    Allen, M.W. & Sher, S.A. (1967) Taxonomic problems concerning the phytoparasitic nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 5, 247–264.

    Anderson, R.C. (1958) On the classification of the Filarioidea with special reference to the Filariidae and the Stephanofilariidae. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 83, 144–157.

    Anderson, R.C. & Bain, O. (1982) Keys to genera of the superfamilies Rhabditoidea, Dioctophymatoidea, Trichinelloidea and Muspiceoidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott S. (Eds) CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, Farnham Royal, Supplement 9, pp1–26.

    Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G., Wilmott, S. (1974) General introduction. Glossary of terms. Keys to subclasses, orders and superfamilies. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott S. (Eds) CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, Farnham Royal, 1, 1–17.

    Andrassy, I. (1958) Erd u Susswassernematoden aus Bulgarien. Acta zoologica Budapest, 4, 1–88.

    Andrassy, I. (1964) Onchulidae, a new family of the order Enoplida (Nematoda). Opuscula Zoologica, 5, 25–42.

    Andrassy I. (1971) Two new species of the family Bunonematidae Nematoda. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 187, 257–265.

    Andrassy, I. (1974) The evolution and classification of nematodes. Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Biologiai Tudmanyok Osztalyanak Kozlemenyei, 17, 13–58.

    Andrassy, I. (1976) Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. Pitman, London, pp288.

    Andrassy, I. (1978) Bicirronema caledoniense new genus new species and Amphidirhabditis longipapillata new genus new species (Secernentia Rhabditida), two remarkable soil nematodes from New Caledonia southwestern Pacific Ocean. Revue de Nematologie, 1, 257–264.

    Andrassy, I. (1983) A taxonomic review of the suborder Rhabditina (Nematoda: Secernentia). ORSTOM, Paris, pp 241.

    Andrassy, I. (1984) Klasse Nematoda (Ordnungen Monhysterida, Desmoscolecida, Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Rhabdita). Bestimmungsbuecher zur Bodenfauna Europas, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. pp 1–509.

    Andrassy, I. (1991) The superfamily Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) - a review. Family Qudsianematidae, 2. Opuscula Zoologica (Budapest), 24, 3–55.

    Andrassy, I. (1999) A census of genera and subgenera of free-living nematodes. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 2, 45–68.

    Andrassy, I. (2001a) Some species of curious genera of the class Penetrantia (Nematoda). International Journal of Nematology, 11, 43–57.

    Andrassy, I. (2001b) On two uncommon structures in nematodes. Opuscula Zoologica, 33, 133–137.

    Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda errantia). Volume I. Pedozoologica Hungarica 3, 1–518.

    Andrassy, I. (2007) Free living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda errantia): volume II. Pedozoologica Hungarica 4, 1-496.

    Andrassy, I. (2008) Addenda to "A census of genera and subgenera of free-living nematodes". Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 12, 177–182.

    Artigas, P. (1929) Systematica dos nomatoideos dos arthropodos. Thesis de Dout, Sao Paulo, unpaginated.

    Artigas, P. (1930) Nematoides dos generos Rhigonema Cobb,1898 e Dudekemia n. gn. (Nematoda, Rhigonemidae n. n.). Memorias de Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 24, 19–30.

    Baccetti, B., Dallai, R., Dezio, S.G. & Marinari, A. (1983) The evolution of the nematode spermatozoon. Gamete Research, 8, 309–323.

    Baermann, E.V., von Lieven, A.F. & Sudhaus, W. (2009) Revision and phylogeny of Myolaimus Cobb, 1920 (Secernentea, Nematoda) with the description of four new species. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 12, 145–168.

    Bain, O. & Chabaud, A.G. (1968) Description de Riouxgolvinia rhinolophi n. g., n. sp., Nematode parasite de Rhinolophe, montrant les affinites entre Muspiceoidea et Mermithoidea. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 43, 45–50.

    Baird, W. (1853) Catalogue of the entozoan, or intestinal worms, contained in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 132pp.

    Baranovskaya, I.A. (1981) Plant and soil nematodes (Aphelenchoididae and Seinuridae) Nematody rastenii i pochv (afelenkhoididy I seinuridy). Nauka, Moscow, 234 pp.

    Bastian, H.C. (1865) Monograph on the Anguillutidae, or Free Nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater, with descriptions of 100 new species. Transactions of the Linnean Society, 25, 73–180.

    Baylis, H.A. (1920) On the Classification of the Ascaridae. I. The systematic value of certain characters of the alimentary canal. Parasitology Cambridge, 12, 253-264.

    Baylis, H.A. (1930) Mission Saharienne Augieras Draper, 1927–1928. Parasitic Nematodes. Bulletin du Museum Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2, 117–130.

    Baylis, H.A. (1943) Some nematode parasites of earthworms from the Indo-Malay region. Parasitology, 35, 112–127.

    Baylis, H.A. & Daubney, R. (1926) A synopsis of the families and genera of Nematoda. British Museum (Natural History), London, 277pp.

    Belogurov, O.I. (1980) Pandolaimidae Fam n (Nematoda, Enoplida) and comments on morphology and taxonomic status of Pandolaimus ponticus. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 59, 1566–1568.

    Bert, W., Leliaert, F., Vierstraete, A.R., Vanfleteren, J.R., Borgonie, G. (2008) Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda : Rhabditida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 728–744.

    Beveridge, I., Spratt, D.M. & Johnson, P.M. (2010) Diversity and distribution of helminth parasites in macropodoid marsupials. In: Coulson, G. & Eldridge, M. (Eds) Macropods: the biology of kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, p231–242.

    Blanchard, E. (1895) Maladies parasitaires, parasites animaux, parasites vegetaux a l'exclusion des Bacteries. In Bouchard, C.T. (Ed) Traité de pathologie générale 2. Anon., Paris, 960pp.

    Blaxter, M., Dorris, M. & De Ley, P. (2000) Patterns and processes in the evolution of animal parasitic nematodes. Nematology, 2, 43–55.

    Blome D. & Schrage, M. (1985) Free-living nematodes from Antarctica with a description of Simpliconematidae new family (Trefusiida) and a revision of Filipjeva (Monhysterida, Xyalidae). Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 21, 71–96.

    Borgonie, G., Jacobsen, K. & Coomans, A. (2000) Embryonic lineage evolution in nematodes. Nematology, 2, 65–69.

    Bostrom, S. (1989) The taxonomic position of some teratocephalid nematodes: a scanning electron microscope study. Revue de Nematologie, 12, 181–190.

    Brandt, A., De Broyer, C., De Mesel, I., Ellingsen, K.E., Gooday, A.J., Hilbig, B., Linse, K., Thomson, M.R.A. & Tyler, P.A. (2007) The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 362, 39–66.

    Braun, M. (1883) Die thierisher Parasiten des Menchen nebst einer Anleitung zur praktischen Beschaeftigung mit der Helminthologie fuer Stadierende und Aertze. Anon, Wurzburg, 233pp.

    Brumpt, E. (1930) Muspicea borreli Sambon, 1925 et cancers des souris. Annales de Parasitologie Paris, 8, 309–343.

    Brzeski, M.W. & Sauer, M.R. (1983) Scanning electron micrography of some Tylenchidae and Boleodoridae and reappraisal of the Boleodoridae. Nematologica, 28, 437–446.

    Cameron, T.W.M. (1934) The Internal Parasites of Domestic Animals. A Manual for Veterinary surgeons. Anon., London, 292pp.

    Chabaud, A.G. & Choquet, M.T. (1953) Nouveau essai de classification des filaires (superfamille des Filarioidea). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 28, 172–192.

    Chabaud, A.G. (1957) Sur la systematique des nematodes du sousordre des Ascaridina parasites des vertebres. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 82, 243–253.

    Chabaud, A.G. (1974) Class Nematoda. Keys to subclasses, orders and superfamilies. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott S. (Eds) CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, Farnham Royal, No. 1, 6–17.

    Chabaud, A.G. (1975) Keys to genera of the order Spirurida. Part 2. Spiruroidea, Habronematoidea and Acuarioidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott S. (Eds) CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, Farnham Royal, No 3, 29–58

    Chabaud, A.G. & Anderson, R.C. (1959) New attempt at classification of filaria (Superfamily Filarioidea). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 34, 64–87.

    Chabaud, A.G. & Campana, Y. (1950) Nouveau parasite remarquable par l'atrophie de ses organes: Robertdollfusa paradoxa (Nematoda, incertae sedis). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 25, 325–334.

    Chabaud, A.G., Campana-Rouget, Y & Brygoo, E.R. (1959) Les nematodes Seuratoidea nov sup fam et l'origine des Spirurida.

    Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'academie des sciences, 248, 1449–1451.

    Chilton, N.B., Hruby-Chilton, F. Gasserk, R.B. & Beveridge, I (2006) The evolutionary origins of nematodes within the order Strongylida are related to predilection sites within hosts. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40, 118–128.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1932) A synopsis of the Nematodes parasitic in insects of the family Blattidae. Zeitschrift fuer Parasitenkunde, 5, 14–50.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1933) A revised classification of the Nematoda. Journal of Parasitology Urbana, 20, 131.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1935) Nomenclatorial notes, l. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 2, 51–54.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1936) Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 8, 1–16.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1937) A revised classification of the Nematoda. In: Anon (Ed) Skrjabin Jubilee Volume. Nauka, Moscow, pp 69–80.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1951) North American marine nematodes. Texas Journal of Science, 3, 627–672.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1957) The english word "nema" revised. Systematic Zoology, 6, 184–186.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1958) The designation of official names for higher taxa of invertebrates. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 15, 860–895.

    Chitwood, B.G. & Chitwood, M.B. (1937) An introduction to nematology. Volume 1. Monumental Printing Co., Baltimore, 372 pp.

    Chitwood, B.G. & Chitwood, M.B. (1950) An introduction to nematology. Section I. Anatomy. B.G. Chitwood, Washington DC, 213 pp.

    Chitwood, B.G. & McIntosh, A. (1934) A new variety of Alloionema (Nematoda: Diplogasteridae), with a note on the genus. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 37–38.

    Chitwood, B.G. & Wehr, E.E. (1932) The value of head characters in Nematode taxonomy and relationships. Journal of Parasitology Urbana, 19, 167–168.

    Clark, W.C. (1961) A revised classification of the order Enoplida (Nematoda). New Zealand Journal of Science, 4, 123–150.

    Cobb, N.A. (1919a) The orders and classes of Nemas. Contributions to a science of Nematology, No. VIII. Waverley Press, Baltimore, pp 213–216.

    Cobb, N.A. (1919b) Tetradonema plicans nov. gen. et spec., representing a new family, Tetradonematidae, as now found parasitic in larvae of the midge insect, Sciara coprophila Lintner. Journal of Parasitology Urbana, 5, 176–185.

    Cobb, N.A. (1920) One hundred new Nemas (type-species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a science of Nematology, No. IX. Waverley Press, Baltimore, pp 217–343.

    Cobb, N.A. (1932) The english word “nema”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 98, 75.

    Cobbold, T. S. (1864) Parasites. Anon., London, 508pp.

    Cobbold. (1879) Parasites, a treatise on the entozoan of man and animals, including some account of the ectozoa. Anon., London, unpaginated.

    Coomans, A.V. & Raski, D.J. (1988) Two new species of Prismatolaimus De Man, 1880 (Nemata, Prismatolaimidae) in southern

    Chile. Journal of Nematology, 20, 288–303.

    Coomans, A. & Loof, P.A.A. (1970) Morphology and taxonomy of Bathyodontina (Dorylaimida). Nematologica, 16, 180–196.

    Cram, E.B. (1927) Bird parasites of the Nematode suborders Strongylata, Ascaridata, and Spirurata. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, 140, 1–465.

    Curran, J. & Hominick, W.M. (1981) Description of Gastromermis metae sp n (Nematoda, Mermithidae) with an assessment of some diagnostic characters and species in Gastromermis. Nematologica, 27, 258–273.

    Dalmasso, A. (1969) Anatomical and taxonomical study of the genera Xiphinema, Longidorus and Paralongidorus (Nematoda, Dorylaimidae). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Serie A Zoologie, 61, 33–82.

    De Coninck, L.A. (1935) Contribution a la connaissance des Nematodes libres du Congo Belge I. Les Nematodes libres des marais de la Nyamuamba (Ruwenzori) et des sources chaudes du Mont Banze. Revue Zoologique et de Botanique Africaines, Tervueren, 26, 211–232.

    De Coninck, L. (1965) Systematiques des nematodes. Sousclasse des Adenophorea. Infra-classe des Chromadoria. Infra-classe des Enoplia. In: Grasse, P.P. (Ed) Traite de Zoologie. Masson, Paris, pp 601–608.

    De Coninck, L.A.P & Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1933) Freeliving marine nemas of the Belgian coast. ii. With general remarks on the structure and the system of nemas. Memoires du Museum de Histoire naturelle Belgique, 58, 1–163.

    Decraemer, W. & Smol, N. (2006) Orders Chromadorida, Desmodorida and Desmoscolecida. In: Eyualem A., Andrassy, I. & Traunspurger, W. (Eds) Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI, Wallingford, pp 497–573.

    De Ley, P. & Blaxter, M. (2002) Systematic position and phylogeny. In: Lee, D.L. (Ed) The biology of nematodes. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 1–30.

    De Ley, P. & Blaxter, M.L. (2004) A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, 2, 633–653.

    De Ley, P. & Coomans, A. (1990) Terrestrial nematodes of the Galapagos Archipelago 1: Three rhabditida from Isla Fernandina. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie, 60, 5–22.

    De Ley, P., Decraemer, W., Eyualem, A. (2006) Introduction: summary of present knowledge and research addressing the ecology and taxonomy of freshwater nematodes. In: Eyualem A., Andrassy, I. & Traunspurger, W. (Eds) Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI, Wallingford, pp 3–30.

    De Man, J.G. (1876) Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift Nederlandsche voor de Dierkunde Vereen, 2, 78–196.

    Diesing, K.M. (1857) Denkschriften Akademie Wissenschaftliche, Wien, 13, 10.

    Dougherty, E.C. (1944) The genus Metastrongylus Molin, 1861 (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 11, 66–73.

    Dougherty, E.C. (1955) The genera and species of the subfamily Rhabditinae Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda) : a nomenclatorial analysis-including an addendum on the composition of the family Rhabditidae Orley, 1880. Journal of Helminthology, 29, 105–152.

    Dougherty, E.C. (1958a) Questions arising in connection with the naming of orders and taxa of higher rank. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 15, 523–539.

    Dougherty, E.C. (1958b) Notes on the naming of higher taxa, with special reference to the phylum (or class) Nematoda. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 15, 896–906.

    Dujardin, F. (1845) Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. Libre Encycopedidique de Roret (Suites a Buffon), Paris, 652 pp.

    Dunn, C.W., Hejnol, A., Matus, D.Q., Pang K., Browne, W.E., Smith, S.A., Seaver, E., Rouse, G.W., Obst, M., Edgecombe, G.D., Sorensen, M.V., Haddock, S.H.D., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., Okusu, A., Kristensen, R.M., Wheeler, W.C., Martindale, M.Q. & Giribet, G. (2008) Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature, 452, 745–749.

    Durette-Desset, M.C. & Chabaud, A.G. (1977) Tentative classification of nematodes-Trichostrongyloidea. Annales de parasitologie humaine et compare, 52, 539–558.

    Durette-Desset, M.C., Hugot, J.P., Darlu, P. & Chabaud, A.G. (1999) A cladistic analysis of the Trichostrongyloidea (Nematoda). International Journal for Parasitology, 29, 1065–1086.

    Eliava, I.Y. (1964) The position of the genus Tylenchorhynchus within the Tylenchoidea (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskol SSR., 34, 669–673.

    Eroshenko, A.S. (1973) New data on taxonomy of the family Teratocephalidae Nematoda. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 52, 1768–1776.

    Ettema, C.H., Rathbun, S.L. & Coleman, D.C. (2000) On spatiotemporal patchiness and the coexistence of five species of Chronogaster (Nematoda: Chronogasteridae) in a riparian wetland. Oecologia, 125, 444–452.

    Fagerholm, H.P. (1990) Systematic position and delimitation of ascaridoid nematode parasites of the genus Contracaecum with a note on the superfamily Ascaridoidea. Acta academiae aboensis ser b mathematica et physica, 50, 1–27.

    Farooqui, M.N. (1967) On a new family Mehdinematidae fam. nov. from Gryllus domesticus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 178, 322–326.

    Filipjev, I. (1916) Les nematodes libres contenus dans les collections du musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Petrograd. Annales du Museum Zoologique de Academie des Sciences, Petrograd, 21, 59–116.

    Filipjev, I. (1917) Un Nematode libre nouveau de la mer Caspienue, Chromadorissa gen. nov. (Chromadoridae). Revue de Zooogie Russe, Moscow, 2, 29–30.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1918) Free-living marine Nematodes from the vicinity of Sevastopol. Pt. I. Trudy Osoboi Zoologicheskoi Laboratorii Sebastopolskoi Stantsii Rossiikoi series, 2, 4, 1–614.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1922) Encore sur les Nematodes libres de la Mer Noire. Acta Instituti Agronomomici Stavropol (Zool), 1, 83–184.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1927) Les Nematodes libres des mers septentrionales appartenant a la famille des Enoplidae. Archiv fuer Naturgeschicht, Berlin, 91, 1–216.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1929) Classification of free-living Nematoda and relations to parasitic forms. Journal of Parasitology Urbana, 15, 281–282.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1934) The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the parasitic nematodes. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 89, 1–63.

    Filipjev, I.N. & Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1941) A manual of agricultural helminthology. Brill, Leiden, 878 pp.

    Fotedar, D.N. & Handoo, Z.A. (1975) A revised scheme of classification to order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda). Journal of Science, University of Kashmir, 3, 55–82.

    Freitas, J.F.T.de (1956) Notas sobre Heterakidae Railliet & Henrv 1914 (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 16, 461–482.

    Fuchs, A.G. (1937) Neue parasitische und halbparasitische Nematoden bei Borkenkafern und einige andere Nematoden. Zoologisher Jahrbuch Jena (Syst.), 70, 291–380.

    Gagarin, J.G. (1975) A contribution to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the superfamily Plectoidea (Nematoda). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 54, 503–509.

    Gagarin, V.G. (1992) Svobodnozhivushchie nematody presnykh vod SSSR. Nauka, Moscow, 1–152.

    Gagarin, V.G. (1993) Svobodnozhivushchie nematody presnykh vod Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: (otryady Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Enoplida, Mononchida). Nauka, Moscow, 1–352.

    Gagarin, V.G. & Nguyen, V.T. (2003) New species of the genera Chronogaster (Araeolaimida: Chronogasteridae) and Dorylaimellus (Dorylaimida: Belondiridae) from Vietnam (Nematoda). Zoosystematica Rossica, 12, 145–149.

    Gendre, E. (1922) Sur deux especes d'Hadjelia. Proces Verbaux de la Societe Linnean Bordeaux, 74, 26–32.

    Gendre, E. (1928) Sur un Nematode nouveau, parasite des Poissons. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique, 19, 798–802.

    Geraert, E. (1966) Systematic position of families Tylenchulidae and Criconematidae. Nematologica, 12, 362–368.

    Geraert, E. (2008) The Tylenchidae of the world: identification of the family Tylenchidae. Academia Press, Gent, 540 pp.

    Geraert, E. (2010) The Criconematidae of the world: identification of the family Criconematidae. Academia Press, Gent, 615 pp.

    Gerlach, S.A. (1953) Lauratonema nov. gen.. Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zoologisher Anzeiger, 151, 43–52.

    Gerlach, S.A. (1963) Aponchium Cobb, 1920, Typus einer neuen Familie freilebender Meeres-Nematoden. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen vereins in Hamburg N.F., 7, 157–166.

    Gerlach, S.A. (1964) Revision der Choniolaiminae und Selachinematinae (Freilebende Meeres-Nematoden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Instit, 61, 23–50.

    Gerlach, S.A. (1966) Bemerkungen zur Phylogenie der Nematoden. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt fur Land- and Forstwirtschaft, 118, 25–39.

    Gerlach, S.A. & Riemann, F. (1973) The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea

    excluding the Dorylaimida. Part I. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven. Supplement 4, Heft 1., 1–404.

    Gerlach, S.A. & Riemann, F. (1974) The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea, excluding the Doryaimida. Part 2. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven. Supplement 4, Heft 2., 405–734.

    Gervais, P. & Van Benedon, P.M. (1859) Zoologie medicale. Expose methodique du regne animal, base sur l'anatomie, l'embryologie, et lapaleontologie; comprenant las description des especes employees en medicine, de celles qui sont venimeuses et de celles qui sont parasites de l'homme et des animaux. Anon, Paris, 504pp.

    Golden, A.M. (1971) Classification of the genera and higher categories of the order Tylenchida (Nematoda).In: Zuckerman, B.M., Mai, W.F. & Rohde, R.A. (Eds). Plant parasitic nematodes. Volume I. Morphology, anatomy, taxonomy, and ecology. Academic, New York, pp 191–232.

    Goodey, J.B. (1960) The classification of the Aphelenchoidea Fuchs, 1937. Nematologica, 5, 111–126.

    Goodey, J.B. (1963) Soil and freshwater nematodes. Methuen, London, 544 pp.

    Goodey, T. (1929) On some new and little-known free-living Nematodes. Journal of Helminthology, 7, 27–62.

    Goodey, T. (1939) Cylindrocorpus nom. nov. for Cylindrogaster Goodey, 1927 (Nematoda). Journal of Helminthology London, 17, 149–150.

    Goodey, T. (1951) Soil and freshwater nematodes. A monograph. Methuen, London, 390 pp.

    Goodey, T. (1953) On certain eelworms, including Butschli's Tylenchus fungorum, obtained from toadstools. Journal of Helminthology, 27, 81–94.

    Grube, A.E. (1849) Ueber einige Anguillulen und die Entwicklung von Gordius aquaticus. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte Berlin Abteilung 15J, 1, 358–375.

    Hall, M.C. (1916) Nematode parasites of mammals of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Hyracoidea. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 50, 1–247.

    Hartwich, G. (1954) Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Hamatospiculum Skrjabin,1916 und Parhamatospiculum Skrjabin und Petrov, 1928 (Nematoda, Filarioidea). Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle Wittenberg, 3, 659–663.

    Hartwich, G. (1957) Zur Systematik der Nematoden-Superfamilie Ascaridoidea. Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Systematik), 85, 211–252.

    Heyns, J. (1962a) Elaphonema mirabile n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida), a remarkable new nematode from south Africa. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 128–130.

    Heyns, J. (1962b) Osstella hamata n. gen., n. sp., Zeldia serrata n. sp. and Acrobeles thornei n. sp., three new nematodes from South Africa (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae). Nematologica, 8, 301–306.

    Heyns, J. (1965) On the morphology and taxonomy of the Aporcelaimidae, a new family of dorylaimoid nematodes. Entomology Memoirs. Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Union of South Africa, 10, 1–51.

    Heyns, J. (1968) A monographic study of the nematode families Nygolaimidae and Nygolaimellidae. Entomology Memoirs. Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Union of South Africa, 19, 1–144.

    Hodda M (2003) A checklist of Aphelenchida. CSIRO, Canberra, 138pp. Available from: http://www.ento.csiro.au/science/nematodes/checklist_dec2003.rtf (30 May 2010).

    Hodda, M. (2007) Phylum Nematoda. Zootaxa, 1668, 265–293.

    Hodda, M., Bloemers, G. & Wanless, F.R. (2004) The family Onchulidae: establishment of monophyly, rediagnosis, review and keys, with descriptions of three new species from tropical forests in Cameroon. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 7, 131–151.

    Hodda, M., Peters, L. & Traunspurger, W. (2009) Nematode biodiversity: terrestrial, marine & freshwater. In: Wilson, M. & Kakouli Duarte, T. (Eds) Biomonitoring with nematodes. CABI, Wallingford UK, pp 45–93.

    Holovachov, O. (2004) Morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the superfamily Plectoidea Orley, 1880 (Nematoda : Plectida). Annales Zoologici, 54, 631–672.

    Holovachov, O. (2006) Morphology and systematics of the order Plectida Malakhov, 1982 (Nematoda). Thesis, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, 244 pp.

    Holovachov, O., Bostrom, S. & Susulovsky, A. (2007) Description of Aulolaimus multipapillatus sp n. and A. nannocephalus Andrassy, 1972 with notes on taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus (Nematoda : Aulolaimidae). Nematology, 9, 201–214.

    Holovachov, O. & De Ley, P. (2006) Order Plectida. In: Eyualem A., Andrassy, I. & Traunspurger, W. (Eds) Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI, Wallingford, pp. 611–647.

    Holovachov, O, Esquivel, A. & Bongers, T. (2003) Free-living nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 4. Cephalobina. Nematology, 5, 1–15.

    Holovachov, O., Winiszewska, G., Sturhan, D., Esquivel, A. & Wu, J. (2008) New genus, three new and two known species of the family Onchulidae Andrassy, 1964 with notes on systematics and biology of the family. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 11, 1–30.

    Holovachov, O., Zullini, A., Loof, P.A.A. & Bongers, T. (2002) Morphology and systematics of the genus Anonchus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda : Leptolaimina) and reappraisal of the family Aphanolaimidae Chitwood, 1936 n. rank. Nematology, 4, 725–757.

    Holterman, M. & Holovachov, O. (2007) Phylogeny and biogeography of Triplonchida. Phytopathology, 97, 132–133.

    Holterman, M., Holovachov, O., van den Elsen, S., van Megen, H., Bongers, T., Bakker, J. & Helder, J. (2008) Small subunit ribosomal DNA-based phylogeny of basal Chromadoria (Nematoda) suggests that transitions from marine to terrestrial habitats (and vice versa) require relatively simple adaptations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 758–763.

    Holterman, M., van der Wurff, A., van den Elsen, S., van Megen, H., Bongers, T., Holovachov, O., Bakker, J. & Helder, J. (2006) Phylum-wide analysis of SSU rDNA reveals deep phylogenetic relationships among nematodes and accelerated evolution toward crown clades. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23, 1792–1800.

    Hope, W.D. & Murphy, D.G. (1969) Rhaptothyreus typicus new genus new species, an abyssal marine nematode representing a new family of uncertain taxonomic position. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82, 81–92.

    Hope, W.D. & Murphy, D.G. (1972) A taxonomic hierarchy and checklist of the genera and higher taxa of marine nematodes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 137, 1–101.

    Hope, W.D. & Tchesunov, A.V. (1999) Smithsoninema inaequale n.g. and n.sp (Nematoda, Leptolaimidae) inhabiting the test of a foraminiferan. Invertebrate Biology, 118, 95–108.

    Hunt, D.J. (1980) Acugutturus parasiticus, new genus new species, a remarkable ecto-parasitic aphelenchoid nematode from Periplaneta americana, with proposal of Acugutturinae new subfamily. Systematic Parasitology, 1, 167–170.

    Hunt, D.J. (1993) Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae: their systematics and bionomics. CABI, Wallingford, 352 pp.

    Hunt, D.J. (2002) The African Rhigonematoidea (Nematoda : Rhigonematida). 1. Trachyglossus quintus gen. n., sp n. (Xustrostomatidae fam. n.) with redescription of Rhigonema multipapillatum (Skrjabin, 1916) and designation of a neotype. Nematology, 4, 671–686.

    Husain, S.I. & Khan, A.M. (1967a) On status of genera of superfamily Aphelenchoidea (Fuchs 1937) Thorne 1949 with descriptions of 6 new species of nematodes from India. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of WashingtonI, 34, 167–174.

    Husain, S.I. & Khan, A.M. (1967b). A new subfamily a new subgenus and 8 new species of nematodes from India belonging to superfamily Tylenchoidea. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 34, 175–186.

    Hyman, L.H. (1951) The invertebrates : Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta , the pseudocoelomate Bilateria. McGraw-Hill, New York, 573 pp.

    Inglis, W.G. (1960) Les nematodes de la famille des Maupasinidae. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 35, 190–191.

    Inglis, W.G. (1983) An outline classification of the phylum Nematoda. Australian Journal of Zoology, 31, 243–255.

    Ivashkin, V.M. (1960) Nematodes of the subfamily Parabronematinae Skryabin, 1941 in the light of morphology and systematics. Trudi Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 10, 94–108.

    Ivashkin, V.M. (1961) Classification of the subclass Phasmidia Chitwood & Chitwood, 1933. Trudi Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 11, 115–117.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1964) Studies on Campydoridae and Leptonchidae (Nematoda - Dorylaimoidea ) with description of Basirotyleptus basiri n gen , n sp , from India. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 31, 59–64.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1965a) Qudsianema amabilis n gen n sp (Nematoda - Dorylaimoidea ) from India. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 32, 72–78.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1965b) Three new species of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) from India. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 32, 78–81.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1969) Studies on Mononchida of India .1. Genera Hadronchus, Iotonchus, and Miconchus and a revised classification of Mononchida, new order. Nematologica, 15, 557–581.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1971) On the synonymy of Telotylenchus Siddiqi, 1960 with Trichotylenchus Whitehead, 1959 (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Indian Journal of Nematology, 1, 3–6.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1983) Observations on Campydora (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematologia Mediterranea, 11, 33–42.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. & Ahmad, W. (1992) Dorylaimida - Free-living, predaceous and plant-parasitic nematodes. Brill, Leiden, 458 pp.

    Jairajpuri, M.S., Ahmad, M. & Bajaj, H.K. (1976) On the morphology and systematic position of Campydora Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida). In: Anon (Ed) First National Convention of Indian Helminthology. IARI, New Delhi, pp25–26.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. & Hooper, D.J. (1968) A review of the genus Aulolaimus (Axonolaimidae Aulolaiminae new subfamily) with notes on the synonymy of the genus Pandurinema. Journal of Helminthology, 42, 41–52.

    Jairajpuri, M.S. & Siddiqi, A.H. (1964) On new nematode genus Nordia (Dorylaimoidea - Nordianae n. subfam.) with remarks on genus Longidorella Thorne 1939. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 31,1–9.

    Jensen, P. (1991) Bodonematidae Fam n (Nematoda, Monhysterida) accommodating Bodonema vossi gen et sp n from the deep-sea benthos of the Norwegian Sea. Sarsia, 76, 11–15.

    Justine, J-L. (2002) Male and female gametes and fertilisation. In: Lee, D.L. (Ed) The biology of nematodes. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 73–119.

    Khan, E. (1964) Boleodorus mirus n.sp. (Tylenchidae: Boleodorinae N. Sub-family) from Kufri, Simla (H.P.), India, with a key to the species of the genus Boleodorus Thorne, 1941. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 173, 336-341.

    Khan, E. (1969) On the classification of Tylenchoidea. In: Anon (Ed) First National Convention of Indian Helminthology. IARI, New Delhi, p 26.

    Khan, S.H. & Ahmad, S. (1975) Longidoroidea (Thorne, 1935) n. rank. (Nematoda: Dorylaimina) with description of Xiphinema neoamericanum n. sp. from India and proposal of a new name for X. americanum sensu Carvalho (1956) non Cobb, 1913. Nematologia Mediterranea, 3, 23–28.

    Kiontke, K. & Fitch, D.H.A. (2005) The phylogenetic relationships of Caenorhabditis and other rhabditids. In: Girard, L.R. (Ed.) WormBook, The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, pp. 1–11.

    Kirjanova, E.S. (1955) Kruglie chervil (nematode) paraziti rastenie. Akademia Nauka SSR, Leningrad, 157pp.

    Kirjanova, E.S. & Krall, E.L. (1969) Parasitic nematodes of plants and their control measures. Volume I. Nauka, Leningrad 447pp

    Kloss, G.R. (1958) Nematodeos parasitos de Hydrophilidae (Col.). Atas de la Sociedade do Biologia de Rio de Janeiro, 2, 21–23.

    Kloss, G.R. (1960) Organizacao filogenetica dos nematoides parasites intestinais de artropodos. (Nota previa). Atas de la Sociedade do Biologia de Rio de Janeiro, 4, 51–55.

    Koerner, H. (1954) Die Nematodefauna des vergehenden Holzes und ihre Beziehungen zu den Insekten. Zoologishe Jahrbucher Abteilung Systematik, 82, 245–253.

    Kreis, H.A. (1929) Freilebende marine Nematoden von der Nordwestkueste, Frankreichs (Trebeurden : Cotes du Nord). Capita Zoologica 2, 1–98.

    Lambshead, P.J.D. (1993). Recent developments in marine benthic biodiversity research. Recent developments in benthology, 19, 5–24.

    Lane, C. (1914) Bursate Nematodes from the Indian elephant. Indian Journal of Medical Research Calcutta, 2, 380–398.

    Laumond, C. & Lyon, J.P. (1971) Le parasitisme de Syrphonema intestinalis n.g., n.sp., aux depens des syrphides (insectes dipteres) et la nouvelle famille des Syrphonematidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l' Academie Des Sciences Serie D 272, 1789–1792.

    Lazarevskaya, S.L. (1965) Nematodes of insects harmful to forests. I. Biological characteristics of nematodes belonging to the genus Parasitorhabditis Fuchs1937 (Rhabditidae, Parasitorhabditinae). Trudy Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii, 15, 93–102.

    Leiper, R.T. (1908) An account of some Helminths contained in Dr. C.M. Wenyon's Collection from the Soudan. Reports of the Wellcome Research Laboratory Khartoum, 3, 186–199.

    Leiper, R.T. (1911) Check-List of Helminthes parasitic in Equines. Journal of the London School of Tropical Medicine, 1, 22–26.

    Leiper, R.T. (1912) Check-List of Helminthes parasitic in cattle. Journal of the London School of Tropical Medicine, 1, 115–122.

    Litvaitis, M.K., Bates, J.W., Hope, W.D. & Moens, T. (2000) Inferring a classification of the Adenophorea (Nematoda) from nucleotide sequences of the D3 expansion segment (26/28S rDNA). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 911–922.

    Loof, P.A.A. (1987) Tylenchorhynchidae Eliava, 1964 a junior synonym of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea). Revue de Nematologie, 10, 123–124.

    Looss, A. (1905) Notizen zur Helminthologie Aegyptens. vi. Das Genus Trichostrongylus n.g., mit zwei neuen gelegentlichen Parasiten des Menschen. Centralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, Jena (i), 39, 408–422.

    Looss, A. (1911) The anatomy and life history of Ancylostoma duodenale Dub. ii. Development in the free state. Cairo Records of the Egyptian Government School of Medicine, 4, 167–607.

    Lopez-Neyra, C.R. (1945) Estudios y revision de la familia Subuluridae, con descripcion de especies nuevas. Row Iberica Parasitica Granada, 5, 271–329.

    Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision of the Xyalidae free living nematodes based on a critical analysis of 56 species from the North Sea and Baltic. Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197–262.

    Lorenzen S. (1978) Triodontolaimidae free living nematodes rediscovery of the only species after 85 years. Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 17, 87–94.

    Lorenzen, S. (1981) Entwurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven Supplement, 7, 1–472.

    Lorenzen, S. (1994) The phylogenetic systematics of freeliving nematodes. Ray Society Publications No 162, London, 383pp.

    Lubbock, J. (1861) On Sphaerularia bombi. Natural History Review, 1, 44–57.

    Maggenti, A.R. (1963) Comparative morphology in nemic phylogeny. In: Dougherty, E.C., Brown, Z.N., Hanson, E.D. & Hartman, W.D. (Eds) The lower Metazoa: comparative biology and phylogeny. University of California Press, Berkeley, 273–282 pp

    Maggenti, A.R., 1982. Nemata. In: Parker, S.P. (Ed) Synopsis and classification of living organisims Volume 1. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 879–929.

    Maggenti, A.R. (1991) Nemata: higher classification. In: Nickle, W.R. (Ed) Manual of agricultural nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 147–187.

    Malakhov, V.V. (1994) Nematodes: structure, development, classification, and phylogeny. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 286pp.

    Malakhov, V.V., Ryzhikov, K.M. & Sonin, M.D. (1982) The system of large taxa of nematodes - subclasses, orders, suborders. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 61, 1125–1134.

    Malakhov, V.V. & Hope, W.D. (1994) Nematodes: structure, development, classification, and phylogeny. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington DC, pp 1–286.

    Marcinowski, K. (1909) Parasitisch und semiparasitisch an Pflanzen lebende Nematoden. Arbeiten ueber biologie Anstalten Berlin, 7, 1–192.

    Mehdi A.S., Suryawanshi, M.V. & Chitty, K.Z. (1973) Two new species of Drilocephalobus Coomans & Goodey, 1965 (Nematoda: Drilocephalobidae n.fam.) from Marathwada, India with a revised classification of the superfamily Cephaloboidea (Paramonov, 1956) Paramonov, 1962. Nematologica, 19, 308–317.

    Meldal, B.H.M., Debenham, N.J., De Ley, P., De Ley, I.T., Vanfleteren, J.R., Vierstraete, A.R., Bert, W., Borgonie, G., Moens, T., Tyler, P.A., Austen, M.C., Blaxter, M.L., Rogers, A.D. & Lambshead, P.J.D. (2007) An improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42, 622–636.

    Meyl, A.H. (1957) Freeliving nematodes. Resultats Scientifiques de l'Exploration Hydrobiologique du Lac Tanganika (1946–1947), 3, 27–51.

    Meyl, A.H. (1961) Die freilebenden Erd- und Susswassernematoden (Fadenwurmer). Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas, 1 (5a), 1–164.

    Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die freilebenden Erd-Nematoden mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Steiermark und der Bukowina, zugleich mit einer Revision samtlicher, nicht mariner, freilebender Nematoden in Form von Genus-Beschreibungen und Bestimmungsschlusseln. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte Berlin Abteilung A, 87, 1–649.

    Miljutin, D.M. (2006) The genus Trophomera Rubtsov & Platonova, 1974 with description of T. litoralis sp n. (Nematoda : BenthimeANIMAL rmithidae) from the tidal zone of the Kuril Archipelago and proposal of Benthimermis Petter, 1980 as a junior synonym. Nematology, 8, 411–423.

    Miljutin, D.M. & Tchesunov, A.V. (2001) On the histological anatomy of Benthimermis megala Petter, 1987, a giant nematode from the Norwegian deep-sea (Nematoda : Benthimermithidae). Nematology, 3, 491–502.

    Moravec, F. (2006) Dracunculoid and anguillicoloid nematodes parasitic in vertebrates. Academia, Praha, 634pp.

    Moravec, F. & Koie, M. (1987) Daniconema anguillae gen et sp n, a new nematode of a new family Daniconematidae fam n parasitic in European eels. Folia parasitological, 34, 335–340.

    Moravec, F., Molnar, K. & Szekely, C. (1998) Lucionema balatonense gen. et sp. n., a new nematode of a new family Lucionematidae fam. n. (Dracunculoidea) from the swimbladder of the European pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (Pisces). Folia Parasitologica, 45, 57–61.

    Mounport, D. (2005) Chronogaster tessellata n. sp (Nematoda : Chronogastridae) from Senegal. Nematology, 7, 53–57.

    Mullin, P.G., Harris, T.S. & Powers, T.O. (2003) Systematic status of Campydora Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda : Campydorina). Nematology, 5, 699–711.

    Nadler, S.A., De Ley, P., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Smythe, A.B., Stock, S.P., Bumbarger, D., Adams, B.J., De Ley, I.T., Holovachov, O. & Baldwin, J.G. (2006) Phylogeny of Cephalobina (Nematoda): Molecular evidence for recurrent evolution of probolae and incongruence with traditional classifications. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 696–711.

    Nadler, S.A., Carreno, R.A., Mejia-Madrid, H., Ullberg, J., Pagan, C., Houston, R. & Hugot, J.P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism. Parasitology, 134, 1421–1442.

    Nickle, W.R. (1970) A taxonomic review of the Aphelenchoidea (Nematoda, Tylenchida). Journal of Parasitology, 56, 249.

    Nicoll, W. (1935) Vermes. Zoological Record, 71, 123.

    Oerley, L. (1880) Az anguillulidak maganrajza. A kir. m. termeszettudom. tarsulat altal a bugatdijjal jutalmazott palyamu. Termeszettudom Fuzeetek, 4, 16–150.

    Oerley, L. (1885) A rhabditisek maganrajza orvosi es termeszetrajjsi szempontbol. Hat rajzlappal. Mathematik es Termeszettudom Kozlemenyek, Magyar Tudoman Akademi Budapest, 21, 1–134.

    Ortlepp, R.J. (1937) Some undescribed species of the nematode genus Physaloptera Rud., together with a key to the sufficiently known forms. Onderstepoort Journal Pretoria, 9, 71–84.

    Paramonov, A.A. (1952) Ecological classification of Phyto-nematodes. Trudi Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 6, 338–369.

    Paramonov, A.A. (1953) Revision of superfamily Aphelenchoidea Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda : Tylenchata). In: Anon. (Ed) K. I. Skrjabin Anniversary Volume, Nauka, Moscow, pp 488–496.

    Paramonov, A.A. (1956) To a revision of the Rhabditata, parasites of plants. Trudi Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 8, 85–111.

    Paramonov, A.A. (1962) Principles of phytonematology. Vol. I. The origin of nematodes. Ecological and morphological characteristics of phytonematodes. General principles of taxonomy. Izdatelstvo Akademil Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 480 pp.

    Paramonov, A.A. (1964) Principles of phytonematology. Vol. II. Taxonomy of phytonematodes. Izdatelstvo Akademil Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 446 pp.

    Paramonov, A.A. (1967) A critical review of the suborder Tylenchina (Filipjev, 1934) Nematoda: Secernentea). Trudi Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 18, 78–101.

    Pearse, A.S. (1936) Parasites from Yucatan. Publications of the Carnegie Institution Washington, 457, 45–50.

    Pearse, A.S. (1942) Introduction to parasitology. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London, 357 pp.

    Pegova, A.N., Krasnova, E.D., Aleshin, V.V. (2004) Evidence from the small and large ribosomal RNA structure suggests that Anoplostoma rectospiculum Gal'tsova, 1976 (Nematoda : Anoplostomatidae) is a member of the superfamily Enoploidea, not Oncholaimoidea. Nematology 6, 413–421.

    Periera, C. (1931) Myenchus boteloi n. sp. curioso nematoide parasite de Limnobella brasiliensis Pinto (Hirudinea). Thesis, Sao Paolo, 29 pp.

    Petrov, A.M. (1930) Zur Charakteristik des Nematoden aus Kamtschatkaer Zobeln Soboliphyme baturini nov. gen., nov. sp.. Zoologisher Anzeiger Leipzig, 86, 265–271.

    Petter, A.J. (1971) Re-description of Hedruris androphora (Nematoda Hedruridae) and study of its development in the intermediate host. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 46, 479–495.

    Petter, A.J. (1974) Deux nouvelles especes de nematodes camallanine parasites de Haploerythrinus unitaenictus (Characidae, Cypriniformes) en Guyane, creation d'une nouvelle famille: les Guyanemidae (Dracunculoidea). Bulletin du Museum nationale de Histoire naturelle Paris (Zoologie), 156, 803–812.

    Petter, A.J. (1980) A new family of nematodes parasites of marine-invertebrates, the Benthimermithidae. Annales de parasitology humaine et compare, 55, 209–224.

    Pierantoni, U. (1916) I nematodi parassiti degli Oligocheti. Napoli Boletin Societe Naturale 28, 139–175.

    Poinar, G.O. (1975) Description and biology of a new insect parasitic rhabditoid, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora n.gen., n.sp. (Rhabditida, Heterorhabditidae n.fam.). Nematologica, 21, 463–470.

    Poinar, G.O. (1977) CIH key to the groups and genera of nematode parasites of invertebrates. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, Farnham Royal, 43 pp.

    Poinar, G.O. (1978) Mesidionema praecomasculatis gen et sp n - Mesidionematidae fam n (Drilonematoidea, Rhabditida), a nematode parasite of earthworms. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 45, 97–102.

    Poinar, G.O & Sarbu, S.M. (1994) Chronogaster troglodytes sp n (Nemata, Chronogasteridae) from Mobile cave, with a review of cavernicolous nematodes. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 17, 231–237.

    Puylaert, J.A. (1970) Description de Chitwoodchabaudia skryabini g. n., sp. n., (Chitwoodchabaudiidae fam. nov.), parasite de pus laevis victorianus Ahl. (Cosmocercoidea, Nematoda, Vermes). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 81, 369–381.

    Quentin, J-C. (1970) Larval morphogenesis of the Spirurid Mastophorus muris. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 45, 839–855.

    Railliet, A. (1893) Traite de Zoologie medicale et agricole. Anon., Paris, 442pp.

    Railliet, A. (1895) Nematodes. In: Railliet A. (Ed.) Traite de zoologie medicale et agricole. 2me ed. Anon., Paris, pp 388–562.

    Railliet, A. (1906) Untitled. Museum de Histoire naturelle, Paris, 269 pp.

    Railliet, A. (1910) La famille des Thelaziidae. Journal of Parasitology Urbana, 2, 99–105.

    Railliet, A. (1915) L'emploi des medicaments dans le traitement des maladies causees par des Nematodes. Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire Paris, 91, 490–513.

    Railliet, A. (1916) Nematodes parasites des rongeurs par M. C. Hall. Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire Paris, 92, 517–521.

    Railliet, A. & Henry, A. (1912) Observations sur les Strongylides du genre Nematodirus. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique, 5, 35–39.

    Railliet, A. & Henry, A. (1912) Quelques Nematodes parasites des Reptiles. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique, 5, 251–259.

    Railliet, A. & Henry, A. (1913) Observations sur les Nematodes parasites du genre Aapidodera, Railliet et Henry, 1912. Bulletins de Museum Paris, 1913, 93–99.

    Railliet, A., Henry, A. (1915a) Sur les Nematodes du genre Goezia Zeder. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique, 8, 270–275.

    Railliet, A. & Henry, A. (1915b) Sur les Nematodes du genre Camallanus Raill. et Henry1915 (Cucullanus Auct. non Mueller 1777). Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique, 8, 446–452.

    Railliet, A., Henry, A. & Sisoff, P. (1912) The affinity of Dispharagae (Acuaria Bremser), parasitical nematodes of birds. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de ses Filiales, 73, 622–624.

    Ransom, B.H. (1911) The nematodes parasitic in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. U S Department of Agriculture Bureau Animal Industries Bulletin, 127, 1–132.

    Rao, P.N. (1958) Studies on the nematode parasites of insects and other arthropods. Arquivos Museo Nacione Rio De Janeiro, 46, 33–84.

    Raski, D.J. (1962) Paratylenchidae n fam with descriptions of five new species of Gracilacus ng and an emendation of Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and Criconematidae Thorne, 1943. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 189–207.

    Raski, D.J. & Sher, S.A. (1952) Sphaeronema californicum, nov. gen., nov. spec. (Criconematidae: Sphaeronematinae, nov. subfam.) an endoparasite of the roots of certain plants. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 19, 77–80.

    Ribas, A. & Casanova, J.C. (2002) Agfa morandi sp n. (Rhabditida, Agfidae) a parasite of Limax sp (Gastropoda, Limacidae). Parasitology Research, 88, 745–747.

    Riemann, F. (1972) Kinonchulus sattleri n.g. n. sp. (Enoplida, Tripyloidea), an aberrant freeliving nematode from the lower Amazonas. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforchungen in Bremerhaven, 13, 317–326.

    Roman, E. (1965) Systematique des nematodes. Sous-classe des Adenophorea. Ordre des Enoplides. Super-families des trichuroides, dioctophymatoides et muspiceoides. In: Grasse, P.P. (Ed) Traite de Zoologie. Masson, Paris, pp 705–726.

    Ross, J.L., Ivanova, E.S., Spiridonov, S.E., Waeyenberge, L., Moens, M., Nicol, G.W. & Wilson, M.J. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of slug-parasitic nematodes inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 738–743.

    Rubtsov, I.A. (1978) Mermitidy: klassifikatsiya, znachenie, ispol'zovanie. Nauka, Moscow, 207 pp.

    Rubtzov, I.A. (1980) The new marine parasitic nematode, Abos bathycola, from Priapulids and a taxonomic position of the family Marimermithidae in the class Nematoda. Parazitologiya, 14, 177–181.

    Rubtsov, I.A. & Platonova, T.A. (1974) A new family of marine parasitic nematodes. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 53, 1445–1458.

    Rudolphi, C.A. (1808) Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium histoiria naturalis. Anon., Amsterdam, unpaginated.

    Ruehm, W. (1956) Die Nematoden der Ipiden. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe, 6, 1–437.

    Rusin, L.Y., Aleshin, V.V., Vladychenskaya, N.S., Miljutina, I.A., Kedrova, O.S. & Petrov, N.B. (2001) Trefusiidae are a subtaxon of marine enoplida (Nematoda): Evidence from primary structure of hairpin 35 and 48 loops of SSU rRNA gene. Molecular Biology, 35, 778–784.

    Ryss, A.Y. (1988) Review of the genus Prismatolaimus (Araeolaimida). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, 180, 82–95.

    Ryzhikov, K.M., Sonin, M.D. (1981) A system of nematodes - parasites of vertebrate animals. Parazitologiya, 15, 510–518.

    Sanwal, K.C. (1957) Chambersiellidae n. fam. (Nematoda) with emended diagnosis of the genus Chambersiella Cobb, 1920, description of C. bakeri n. sp., and discussion of taxonomic position. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 35, 615–621.

    Schierenberg, E. (2000) New approaches to a better understanding of nematode phylogeny: molecular and developmental studies. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 38, 129–132.

    Schierenberg, E. (2005) Unusual cleavage and gastrulation in a freshwater nematode: developmental and phylogenetic implications. Development Genes and Evolution, 215, 103–108.

    Schierenberg, E. & Lahl, V. (2004) Embryology and phylogeny of nematodes. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, 2, 667–679.

    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H.S. (1935) Nematoda: Systematischer Teil, Nematoda errantia. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (Eds) Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee. Anon., Leipzig, 173pp.

    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H.S. (1942) The free living nematodes of the Mediterranean. III. The Balearic Islands. Zooligishe Mededelingen (Leiden), 23, 229–262.

    Scopoli, G.A. (1777) Introductio ad historiam naturalem sistens genera lapidum, plantarum, et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Gerle, Prague, 506pp.

    Seurat, L.G. (1913) Sur quelques Nematodes du sud Tunisien. Alger Bulletin de societe de histoire naturelle, 4, 126–130.

    Shigin, A.A. & Shigina, N.G. (1958) Skrjabillanus tincae gen. nov. spec. nov. (Nematoda : Camallanata) parasite of tench. In: Anon. (Ed) Papers on Helminthology presented to K. I. Skrjabin on his 80th Birthday. Nauka, Moscow, pp 395–399.

    Shipley, A.E. (1896) Nemathelminthes. In: Harmer, S.F. & Shipley, A.E. (Eds) The Cambridge Natural History. Weldon u. Wesley, Cambridge, pp. 123–185.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1960) Telotylenchus, a new nematode genus from North India (Tylenchida: Telotylenchinae n. sub-fam.). Nematologica, 5, 73–77.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1963) On the classification of the Pratylenchidae (Thorne, 1949) nov. grad. (Nematoda : Tylenchida) with a description of Zygotylenchus browni nov. gen. et nov. sp.. Zeitschrift fuer Parasitenkunde, 23, 390–396.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1968) Five new species of Belondiroidea (Nematoda) from Sibsagar India with a revised classification of superfamily. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 35,248–258.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1969) Crateronema n gen (Crateronematidae n fam), Poronemella n gen (Lordellonematinae n sub-fam) and Chrysonemoides n gen (Chrysonematidae n fam) with a revised classification of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda). Nematologica, 15, 81–100.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1971) Structure of the oesophagus in the classification of the superfamily Tylenchoidea (Nematoda). Indian Journal of Nematology, 1, 25–43.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1974) Systematics of the genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda, Dorlaimida), with descriptions of three new species. Nematologica, 19, 259–278.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1976) New plant nematode genera Plesiodorus (Dolichodorinae), Meiodorus (Meiodorinae subfam n), Amplimerlinius (Merliniinae) and Gracilancea (Tylodoridae grad n). Nematologica, 22, 390–416.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1980) The origin and phylogeny of the nematode orders Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 and Aphelenchida N. Ord. Helminthological Abstracts, Series B., 49, 143–170.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1982) Seven new genera of dorylaimid nematodes from Colombian rain-forest. Systematic Parasitology, 4, 69–87.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1983) Phylogenetic relationships of the soil nematode orders Dorylaimida, Mononchida, Triplonchida and Alaimida, with a revised classification of the subclass Enoplia. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 1, 79–110.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1986) Tylenchida. Parasites of plants and insects. CAB, Farnham Royal, 645 pp.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (2000) Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects (2nd Ed.). CABI, New York, 833 pp

    Siddiqi, M.R. (2003) Keralanema spinicorpus (Maggenti et al., 1983) gen. n., comb. n. (Nematoda: Chronogastridae). International Journal of Nematology, 13, 236.

    Skarbilovich, T.S. (1947) On the reorganisation of the systematics of the nematodes belonging to the family Anguillulinidae Baylis and Daubney, 1926. Doklady Akademi Nauk SSR New Series, 57, 307–308.

    Skarbilovich, T.S. (1959) On the structure of systematics of nematodes, order Tylenchida Thore, 1949. Acta Parasitologia Polonica, 7, 117–132.

    Skryabin, K.I. (1915) Vestnik obshest veterinarija, Petrograd, 133, 1–10.

    Skryabin, K.I. (1916) Parasitic trematodes and nematodes collected by the expedition of Prof. V. Dogiel and I. Sokolov in British East Africa. Scientific results of the zoological expedition to British East Africa and Uganda by Prof. V. Dogiel and I. Sokolov in 1914, 1(4), 1–157.

    Skryabin, K.I. (1923) Hastospiculum varani n. gen, n. sp. Eine neue Filaria der reptilian. Russki I Zhurnal Tropichesko i Medi t Siny, 1, 40–44.

    Skryabin, K.I. (1946) A new revision of the taxonomy of the nematodes Spirurata parasitizing in fishes. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 54, 751–752.

    Skryabin, K.I. & Karokhin, V.I. (1945) On the re-arrangement of nematodes of the order Ascaridata Skrjabin, 1915. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 48, 297–299.

    Skryabin, K.I. & Ivashkin, V.M. (1973) On the composition of the superfamily Gnathostomatoides Skryabin et Ivaschkin, 1968 and its elevation to the rank of suborder. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 23, 144–148.

    Skrjabin, K.I. & Shikhobalova, N.P. (1945) A new rearrangement of the taxonomy of the nematodes belonging to the family Filariidae Cobbold, 1864. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 49, 690–692.

    Skryabin, K.I. & Shikhobalova, N.P. (1947) Revision of the systematics of the nematode family Heterakidae. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 58, 719–721.

    Skryabin, K.I. & Shikhobalova, N.P. (1948) Systematic revision of the family Subuluridae. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 60, 189–192.

    Skryabin, K.I. & Shikhobalova, N.P. (1951) A reconstruction of the classification of nematodes of the suborder Oxyurata Skryabin, 1933. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 65, 5–8.

    Skryabin, K.I., Shikhobalova, N.P. & Sobolev, A.A. (1949) Descriptive catalogue of parasitic nematodes. Vol. I. Spirurata and Filariata. Nauka, Moscow, 519 pp.

    Skryabin, K.I. & Shults, R.E.S. (1937) Helminth parasites o