Abstract
A new species of the genus Palaeopoecilostola Meunier, 1899 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from the Baltic amber (Upper Eocene) is described. The cladistic analysis of the species included in this genus is provided. The distributional pattern of the Palaeopoecilostola species is discussed. Palaeopoecilostola as numerous and remarkable representative of Limoniidae, can be treated as the marker genus of the Baltic amber in broad sense (including Bitterfeld and Ukrainian ambers). Anepsiomyia atterraneus Nazarov, 1994 is resurrected from synonymy with Palaepoecilostola speciosa Meunier, 1906. Ryta berestiana Nazarov, 1994 appears a junior synonym of Palaepoecilostola speciosa Meunier, 1906.
References
Alexander, C.P. (1931) Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera). Bernstein-Forschungen, 2, 1–135.
Azar, D., Roy, J.-C., Garrouste, R., Nel, A., El-Samrani, A., Bichain, J-M. & D’Haese, C.A. (2011) Odkrycie najbardziej wysuniętego na północ złoża bursztynu na Spitsbergenie / The discovery of the most northern amber outcrop in Spitsbergen. VI Posiedzenie Światowej Rady Bursztynu, 27–28 maja 2011, Nowy Ratusz w Gdańsku / 6th Session of the World Amber Council, 27–28 May 2011, City Council in Gdańsk, 9−12.
Barthel, M. & Hetzer, H. (1982) Bernstein Inklusen aus dem Miozän des Bitterfeld Raumes. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geologie, 28, 314−336.
Dlussky, G..M. & Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2009) Ants (Insecta: Vespida: Formicidae) in the Upper Eocene amber of Central and Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal, 43 (9), 1024–1042.
Evenhuis, N.L. (1994) Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 600 pp.
Forey, P. (2007) Consensus trees and tree support. The Palaeontology Newsletter, 64, 28–34.
Fuhrmann, R. (2005) Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands. Zeitschrift der deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 156 (4), 517−530.
Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S. & Nixon, K.C. (2008) TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24, 5, 774–786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x
Kania, I., Krzemiński, W. & Gil, A. (2011) Revision of the genus Palaeopoecilostola Meunier, 1899 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene). Polish Journal of Entomology, Gdynia, 80, 747–764.
Knuth, G.., Koch, T., Rappsilber, I. & Volland, I. (2002) Concerning amber in the Bitterfeld region−geological and genetic aspects. Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften, 24, 35−46.
Krzemiński, W. (1985) Limoniidae (Diptera Nematocera) from Baltic amber (in the collection of the Museum of the Earth in Warsaw). Part I. Subfamily Limoniinae. Prace Muzeum Ziemi, 37, 113–117.
Krzemiński, W. (1990a) Fossil Tipulomorpha (Diptera) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene). Introductory part. Subfamily Lechriinae (Limoniidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 60, 177–194.
Krzemiński, W. (1990b) Fossil Tipulomorpha (Diptera, Nematocera) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene). Systematic position of Pseudolimnophila (Baltilimnophila) subgen. n. (Limoniidae, Hexatominae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 60, 51–58.
Krzemiński, W. (1992) Triassic and Lower Jurassic stage of Diptera evolution. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 65, 39–59.
Krzemiński, W. (1993) Fossil Tipulomorpha (Diptera, Nematocera) from the Baltic amber (Upper Eocene). Revision of the genus Helius Lepeletier et Serville (Limoniidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 35(3), 597–601.
Krzemiński, W. (1998a) Limonia (s. str.) skalskii, a new species of Limoniidae (Diptera) from the Baltic amber (Eocene). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 67, 299–301.
Krzemiński, W. (1998b) Hexatoma (Eriocera) serafini, sp. nov., from the Baltic amber (Diptera, Limoniidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 67, 309–310.
Krzemiński, W. (2000a) Fossil Tipulomorpha from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene); a new species of Dactylolabis (Idiolabis) (Diptera: Limoniidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 69, 247–250.
Krzemiński, W. (2000b) A new species and other representatives of the genus Dicranomyia (Diptera: Limoniidae) in the collection of the Museum of Amber Inclusions, University of Gdańsk. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 69, 347–353.
Krzemiński, W. (2001) First record of the genus Lipsothrix Loew (Diptera: Limoniidae) in Baltic amber (Upper Eocene). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 70, 329–331.
Krzemiński, W. & Evenhuis, N. (2000) Review of Diptera paleontological records. Manual of Palearctic Diptera, 1, 535–564. [In:] Papp L. and Darvas B. (eds.). Contributions to Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. Science Herald, Budapest.
Krzemiński, W., Kania, I. & Krzemińska, E. (2010) A new species of Dactylolabis (Eobothrophorus) from Baltic amber (Diptera: Limoniidae). Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 84(4), 768–771.
Krzemiński, W., Kovalev, V. (1988) The taxonomic status of Architipula fragmentosa (BODE) and the family Eoasilidae (Diptera) from the Lower Jurassic. Systematic Entomology, 13, 55–56.
Krzemiński, W., Krzemińska, E. (2003) Triassc Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl—Fossil Insects), 153–184.
Kvaček, Z. (2010) Forest flora and vegetation of the European early Palaeogene – a review. Bulletin of Geosciences, 85 (1), 63−76.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema nature per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymi, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm]. Pp. 824.
Loew, H. (1850) Über den Bernstein und die Bernsteinfauna. Programm der Königlichen Realschule zu Meseritz, pp. 3–44.
Loew, H. (1851) Beschreibung einiger neuen Tipularia terricola. Linnaea Entomologica, 5, 385–406.
Loew, H. (1861) Über die Dipterenfauna des Bernsteins. Amtlicher Bericht über die Fünf und Dreissigste Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte in Königsberg in Preussen im September 1860, 88–98. Translated into English by
Lukashevich, E.D. (2009) Limoniidae (Diptera) in the Upper Jurassic of Shar Teg, Mongolia. Zoosymposia, 3, 131–154.
Maddison, W. P., Maddison, D.R. (2011) Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.75. http://mesquiteproject.org
Meunier, F. (1894) Note sur quelques Tipulidae de l’ambre tertiaire (Diptères). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1894: clxxviii–clxxviii.
Meunier, F. (1895) Note sur quelques Empidae et Mycetophilidae et un curieux Tipulidae de l’ambre tertiaire (Diptères). 1re note. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 1895, xiii–xv.
Meunier, F. (1899a) Études de quelques Diptères de l’ambre tertiaire. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 1899, 334–335.
Meunier, F. (1899b) Révision des Diptères fossiles types de Loew conserves au Musée provincial de Koenigsberg. Entomology Miscellaneous, 7, 161–165, 169–182.
Meunier, F. (1906a) Un nouveau genre de Psychodidae et une nouvelle espèce de Dactylolabis (Tipulidae ) de l’ambre de la Baltique. Naturaliste, 28, 103–104.
Meunier, F. (1906b) Les Tipulidae de l’ambre de la Baltique. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles, 36, 213–215.
Meunier, F. (1906c) Monographie des Tipulidae et des Dixidae de l’ambre de la Baltique. Annales de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles (Zoology) (9), 4, 349–401, pls. 12–16.
Meunier, F. (1916) Beitrag zur Monographie des Tipuliden des Bernsteins. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 68, 477–493.
Meunier, F. (1917) Über einige Mycetophiliden und Tipuliden des Bernsteins nebst Beschreibung der Gattung Paleotanypeza (Tanypezinae) derselben Formation. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, pp. 73–106, pls. 7–16.
Nazarov U.I., Bagdasarov A.A. & Ur'ew I.I. (1994) First findings of insects (Diptera, Hymenoptera) in amber from the Belarussian Polesye region. Vestsi Akademii Navuk Belarusi. Seriya Biyologichnikh Navuk 2:104-108 (in Belarussian).
Nixon, K.C. (2002) WinClada ver. 1.00.08 Published by the author, Ithaca, NY. http://www.cladistics.com/aboutWinc.htm
Osten Sacken, C.R. (1864) On the Diptera or two-winged insects of the amber-fauna. American Journal of Science, (2) 37, 305–324.
Perkovsky, E.E. (2009) Differences in ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) species composition between weight fractions of Rovno amber. Paleontological Journal, 43, 9, 1087–1091.
Perkovsky, E.E. (2010) Participation of Germaraphis aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea) in weight fractions of the Rovno amber and their syninclusions with ants. Vestnik zoologii, 44 (1), 55–62. (in Russian)
Perkovsky, E.E. (2011) Syninclusions of the Eocene winter ant Prenolepis henschei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Germaraphis aphids (Hemiptera: Eriosomatidae) in the Late Eocene Baltic and Rovno ambers: some implications. Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (3), 303–313.
Perkovsky, E.E., Bogdasarov, M.A. (2009) New finds of insects and plants in amber from Belarus. The Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette, 2008 (2009), 16, 1–2, 7–13.
Perkovsky, E.E., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Vlaskin, A.P. & Rasnitsyn, S.P. (2012) Contribution to the Study of the Structure of Amber Forest Communities Based on Analysis of Syninclusions in the Rovno Amber (Late Eocene of Ukraine). Paleontological Journal, 46, 3, 293–301.
Perkovsky, E.E., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Vlaskin, A.P. & Taraschuk, M.V. (2007) A comparative analysis of the Baltic and Rovno amber arthropod faunas: representative samples. African Invertebrates, 48 (1), 229–245.
Perkovsky, E.E., Zosimovich, V.Yu. & Vlaskin, A.P. (2010) Rovno Amber. In: Penney, D. (ed.), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, 116−136.
Podenas, S. (1999a) Ormosia Rondani crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) from the Baltic amber. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 9, 1.
Podenas, S. (1999b) Paradelphomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae) from the Baltic amber. Acta Zoologica Lituanica. Biodiversity 9/3, 107–110.
Podenas, S. (2001) Trichoceridae (Diptera) from Baltic amber (Eocene) in the collection of the Museum D’Histoire Naturelle, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles, 124, 131–147.
Podenas, S. (2003a) First Rhipidia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Eocene). Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles 126/1, 97–100. Polish Journal of Entomology, 80, (4) 764.
Podenas, S. (2003b) First fossil Eleophila Rondani, 1856 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Eocene). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts der Univesität Hamburg, 87, 125–130.
Podenas, S. (2003c) Dactylolabis crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) in Baltic amber (Eocene). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 153, 49–65.
Podenas, S. (2003d) A new subgenus for Trentepohlia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) with elongated mouth parts from Baltic amber (Eocene). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 153, 67–71.
Podenas, S. (2005) Trentepohlia Bigot, 1854, crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Eocene). Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles, 128, 145–154.
Podenas, S. (2006) Rhabdomastix crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) in Baltic amber (Eocene). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 155, 41–66.
Rascher, J., Wimmer, R., Krumbiegel, G. & Schmiedel, S. (eds) (2008) Bitterfelder Bernstein versus Baltischer Bernstein: Hypothesen, Fakten, Fragen. II. Bitterfelder Bernsteinkolloquium. Exkursionsführer der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 236, 1−166.
Ritzkowski, S. (1997) K-Ar-Altersbestimmung der Bernsteinführenden Sedimente des Sammlandes (Paläogen, Bezirk Kaliningrad). Metalla (Sonderheft) 66, 19–23.
Savchenko, E.N. (1967) New fossil limoniid fly (Diptera, Limoniidae) from the Baltic amber. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk URSR (B), 5, 469–473.
Savchenko, E.N. (1983) Obshchaya kharakteristika semeïstva komarov limoniid (Limoniidae) [In:] Fauna SSSR, pp. 6–30 (in Russian).
Schrank F. (1781) Enumeratic insectorum Austriae indigenorum. pp.1–540.
Shcherbakov, D.E., Lukashevich, E.D & Blagoderov, V.A. (1995) Triassic Diptera and initial radiation of the order. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 6(2), 75–115.
Soltis, P.S, Soltis, D.E. (2003) Applying the bootstrap in phylogeny reconstruction. Statistical Science, 18 (2), 256–267.
Speiser, P. (1909) 4 Orthoptera. Orthoptera Nematocera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologische Expededition nach Kilimandjaro, Meru 10 (Diptera), 31–65.
Standke, G. (2008) Bitterfelder Bernstein gleich Baltischer Bernstein? – Eine geologische Raum-Zeit-Betrachtung und genetische Schlussfolgerungen. Exkursionsführer der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 236, 11–33.
Wappler, T. (2003) Die Insekten aus dem Mittel-Eozän des Eckfelder Maares, Vulkaneifel. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv 27, i–viii + 1–234.
Wappler, T. (2005) The age of Baltic amber: could Eckfeld resolve this problem? Fossils X3, Insects – Arthropods – Amber. Programme and Abstracts, 3rd International Congress of Palaeoentomology with 2nd International Meeting on Palaeoarthropodology and 2nd World Congress on Amber and its Inclusions, 7th to 11th February 2005, Pretoria, South Africa, 53.
Weitschat, W. (1997) Bitterfeld Bernstein – ein eozäner Bernstein auf miozäner Lagerstätte. In: Ganzelewski, M., Rehren, T. & Slotta, R. (eds.), Neue Erkentnisse zum Bernstein. Internationales Symposium in Deutschen Bergbau-Museum. Metalla, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Sonderheft, 66, 57−62.
Wetischat, W. & Wichard, W. (2010) Baltic amber, pp. 80–115 In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK.
Wolfe, A.P., Tappert, R., Muehlenbachs, K., Boudreau, M., McKellar, R.C., Basinger, J.F. & Garrett, A. (2009) A new proposal concerning the botanical origin of Baltic amber. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 276, 3403–3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0806