Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2003-11-21
Page range: 1–20
Abstract views: 45
PDF downloaded: 40

Occurrence of the milliped Sinocallipus simplipodicus Zhang, 1993 in Laos, with reviews of the Southeast Asian and global callipodidan faunas, and remarks on the phylogenetic position of the order (Callipodida: Sinocallipodidea: Sinocallipodidae)

Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, Virginia 23943, U.S.A.
Research Lab., North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, 4301 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, U.S.A.
Zoology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, U.S.A.
Myriapoda Callipodida Sinocallipodidea Sinocallipodidae phylogeny

Abstract

The callipodidan milliped, Sinocallipus simplipodicus Zhang, 1993, previously known only from a cave in Yunnan Province, China, is redescribed based on specimens from an epigean habitat in southern Laos, some 600 mi (960 km) south of the type locality. SEM photos of the gonopods, ovipositor, gnathochilarium, midbody exoskeleton, an ozopore, and legs are presented to supplement previously published line drawings; the cannula may be the “functional” element of the gonopod that inseminates females in this species. The Callipodida occupy nine disjunct areas globally, all exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere and most in the North Temperate Zone; there are three regions each in North America, Europe (including coastal regions along the southern Black and eastern Mediterranean seas that are technically part of Asia), and Asia proper. The southeast Asian fauna comprises three families -Sinocallipodidae, one genus and species (suborder Sinocallipodidea), and Schizopetalidae, one genus and species, and Paracortinidae, one genus, three subgenera, and seven species (both suborder Schizopetalidea). An unnamed clade may exist in the Diplopoda in which the gonopods arise solely from the 8th legs (an “8th gonopod clade”); it comprises seven orders: Callipodida, Polydesmida, Chordeumatida, Stemmiulida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, and Epinannolenida. Two newly recognized characters that hold phylogenetic significance are (1) development of the gonopod from the 8th coxa alone (Chordeumatida) or from the coxa plus some telopodal articles (the other six orders), and (2) the presence (Callipodida, Polydesmida, and Stemmiulida) or absence (Chordeumatida, Spirostreptida, and Epinannolenida) of a cannula. These considerations lead to the hypothesis (Chordeumatida + (Callipodida + (Polydesmida + Stemmiulida))).

References

  1. Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museun, 11, 133–323.

    Attems, C. (1951) Myriopoden vom Iran gesammelt von der Expedition Heinz Löffler und Genossen 1949/50. Sitzungsberichte der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abteilung. I, 160, 387–426.

    Brolemann, H.W. (1932) Lysiopétalide (Myriapode-Diplopode) cavernicole nouveau recueilli en Grèce par M. Le Dr. Georges Blanc, directeur de l’Institut Pasteur du Maroc. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 55, 45–53.

    Demange, J.-M. (1946) Callipus foetidissimus gallicus denticulatus nov. var. des catacombes du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris (Myriapodes Diplopodes). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2nd Série., 18(5), 394–396.

    Enghoff, H. (1984) Phylogeny of millipedes — a cladistic analysis. Zoologische Systematk und Evolutionsforschung, 22, 8–26.

    Enghoff, H. (1991) A revised cladistic analysis of the millipede order Julida. With establishment of four new families and description of a new nemasomatid genus from Japan. Zoologische Systematk und Evolutionsforschung, 29, 241–263,

    Enghoff, H., & Schembri, P.J. (1989) The millipedes of the Maltese Islands (central Mediterranean). Bolletino della Società entomologica Italiana, Genova, 120(3), 164–173.

    Foddai, D., Minelli, A., Scheller, U., & Zapparoli, M. (1995) Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Pauropoda, Symphyla. Fasc. 32, pp. 1–35 In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S., & LaPosta, S., eds., Checklist delle Species della Fauna Italiana. Comitato Scientifico per la Fauna d’Italia, Ministero dell’Ambiente Servizio Conservazione della Natura, Commission of the European Communities, Edizioni Calderini, Bologna.

    Glaubrecht, M., & Spelda, J. (1993) On the genus Eurygyrus Kock, 1847 (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Schizopetalidae) in the Dodecanese; zoogeography and female choice theory. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 90, 285–311.

    Golovatch, S.I. (1979) The composition and zoogeographic relationships of the diplopod fauna of middle Asia. Part I. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 58(7), 987–1001 (In Russian).

    Golovatch, S.I. (1981) Some east-Asiatic millipedes (Diplopoda) in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Annales Zoologic Warszawa, 36, 161–168.

    Golovatch, S.I. (1983) A contribution to the millipede fauna of Iran (Diplopoda). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 85, 157–169.

    Golovatch, S.I. (1991) On a small collection of millipedes (Diplopoda) from northern Pakistan and its zoogeographic significance. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 98(4), 865–878.

    Hoffman, R.L. (1980 [1979]) Classification of the Diplopoda. Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, 237 pp. Hoffman, R.L., & Lohmander, H. (1964) The Diplopoda of Turkey. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 62, 101–151.

    Kime, R.D. (2000) Present knowledge of the distribution of European millipedes (Diplopoda). Fragmenta Faunistica Warszawa Supplement, 43, 281–294.

    Korsós, Z. (1994) Checklist, preliminary distribution maps, and bibliography of millipedes in Hungary (Diplopoda). Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica, 9, 29–82.

    Krabbe, E. (1982) Systematik der Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptomorpha). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 24, 1–476.

    Ladeiro, J.M. (1943) Catálogo dos Miriópodes de Portugal existentes no Museu Zoológico de Coimbra. Memórias e estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra No. 146, 1–16.

    Lindberg, K. (1961) Recherches biospéléologiques en Afghanistan. Lunds Univerites Årsskrifft., N. F. 2, 57(1), 1–39.

    Lindberg, K. (1962) Recherches biospéléologiques en Afghanistan II. Lunds Univerites Årsskrifft., N. F. 2, 58(2), 1–15. (Not seen, referenced based on citation by Golovatch (1983)).

    Lohmander, H. (1932) Über Diplopoden aus Zentralasien. Arkiv för Zoologi, 25A(6), 1–71.

    Mauriès, J.-P. (1978) Myriapodes — Diplopodes du sud de l’Espagne. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 81, 575–588.

    Mauriès, J.-P., Golovatch, S.I., & Stoev, P. (1997) The millipedes of Albania: recent data, new taxa; systematical, nomenclatural and faunistical review (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Zoosystema, 19(2–3), 255–292.

    Minelli, A. (1985) Catalogo dei Diplopodi e dei Chilopodi cavernicoli italiani. In: Cianficconi, F., Moretti, G.P., Minelli, A., Brignoli, P.M., & Poggi, R., Contributi alla Conoscenza Della Fauna Cavernicola Italiana. Memorie. del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona (II Serie) Sez. Biologica, 4, 1–50.

    Regier, J.C., & Shultz, J.W. (2001) A phylogenetic analysis of Myriapoda (Arthropoda) using two nuclear protein- coding genes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 132, 469–486.

    Shear, W.A. (2000a) A new genus and species of callipodidan milliped from Vietnam (Callipodida: Schizopetalidae). Myriapodologica, 6(11), 95–100.

    Shear, W.A. (2000b) On the milliped family Heterochordeumatidae, with comments on the higher classification of the order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 363–376.

    Shelley, R.M. (1984) A synopsis of the milliped genus Abacion Rafinesque (Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 980–988.

    Shelley, R.M. (1989) The milliped genus Texophon Chamberlin and the new tribe Texophonini (Callipodida: Schizopetalidae). Southwestern Naturalist, 34(3), 381–391.

    Shelley, R.M. (1996) The milliped order Callipodida in western North America (Schizopetalidae: Tynommatinae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 27, 25–64.

    Shelley, R.M. (1997) Colactoides grandis, n. gen., n. sp., a new callipodoid milliped from Chihuahua (Schizopetalidae: Tynommatinae: Colactidini). Myriapodologica, 5(3), 33–39.

    Shelley, R.M. (2000a) A new callipodoid milliped genus and species from Sinaloa, with the proposal of a new tribe in the subfamily Tynommatinae (Schizopetalidae). Myriapodologica, 6(9), 83–86.

    Shelley, R.M. (2000b) Parajulid studies II. The subgenus Hakiulus Chamberlin (Julida: Parajulidae: Parajulinae: Aniulini). Myriapodologica, 6(14), 121–145.

    Shelley, R.M. (2000c) Parajulid studies III. The genus Gyniulus Loomis (Parajulinae: Aniulini). Myriapodologica, 7(3), 19–28.

    Shelley, R.M. (2001) A synopsis of the milliped genus Aniulus Chamberlin (Julida: Parajulidae: Parajulinae: Aniulini). Texas Memorial Museum Speleological Monographs, 5, 73–94.

    Shelley, R.M. (2002) The milliped genus Oriulus Chamberlin (Julida: Parajulidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80, 100–109.

    Shelley, R.M. (2003) A revised, annotated, family-level classification of the Diplopoda. Arthropoda Selecta, 11, 187–207.

    Shelley, R.M., Sierwald, P., Kiser, S.B., & Golovatch, S.I. (2000) Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum II, A List of the Genus and Family-Group Names in the Class Diplopoda from 1958 through 1999. Pensoft Publishers, 167 pp.

    Stoev, P., & Enghoff, H. (2003) Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Balkanopetalum Verhoeff, 1926 (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Schizopetalidae). Zootaxa, 272, 1–26.

    Strasser, K. (1966) Über Diplopoden Bulgariens. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa, 23, 325–385.

    Strasser, K. (1969) Über Diplopoden Bulgariens, II. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa, 27, 133–168.

    Strasser, K. (1973) Über Diplopoden Bulgariens, III. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa, 30, 411–470.

    Strasser, K. (1975) Weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarischen Diplopoden. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 3, 70–77.

    Verhoeff, K.W. (1893) Neue Diplopoda der Portugiesischen Fauna. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 16, 156–159, 169.

    Verhoeff, K.W. (1895) Aphorismen zur Biologie, Morphologie, Gattungs- und Art-Systematik der Diplopoden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 18, 203–211, 213–226, 237–244.

    Verhoeff, K.W. (1900) Zur vergleichenden Morphologie, Phylogenie, Gruppen- und Art-systematik der Lysiopetaliden. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 13, 36–70.

    Verhoeff, K.W. (1909) Neues System der Diplopoda-Lysiopetaloidea und über italienische Callipus-Arten. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde [Berlin] No. 4, vol. for 1909, 209–219.

    Wang, D. (1996) A preliminary study on phylogeny and biogeography of the family Paracortinidae (Myriapoda: Callipodida): a cladistic analysis. Mémoires de Musée national d’Histoire naturelle, 169, 307– 311.

    Wang, D. & Mauriès, J.P. (1996) Review and perspective of study on Myriapodology of China. Mémoires de Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 169, 81–99.

    Wang, D. & Zhang, C. (1993) A new family of millipeds (Diplopoda: Callipodida) from southwestern China. Memoirs of the Peking Natural History Museum, 53, 375–390.

    Zhang, C. (1993) Diplopoda from Yunnan caves II. Contribution to the study of a new cavernous taxon of the nematophoran millipeds (Diplopoda: Coelocheta: Callipodida). Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Speleology, vol. for 1993, 128–130.