Abstract
Eight new species of cynipid gallwasps, Cycloneuroterus abei Melika & Tang, C. ergei Tang & Melika, C. gilvus Melika & Tang, C. globosus Melika & Tang, C. jianwui Tang & Melika, C. lohsei Melika & Tang, C. tumiclavus Tang & Melika, C. uraianus Tang & Melika, from Taiwan and mainland China are described. Descriptions, diagnoses, biology, and host associations for the new species and a key to all Cycloneuroterus species are given. All taxa are supported by morphological and molecular data. Seven newly described species induce galls on Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, while one, C. uraianus, induces galls on Castanopsis. This is the first Cycloneuroterus species known to associate with Castanopsis.
References
Abe, Y., Ide, T., Konishi, K. & Ueno, T. (2014a) Discovery of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) from the Indochina region, with description of three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107, 399–406.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN13180Abe, Y., Ide, T. & Odagiri, K.-I. (2014b) Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) on Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae) in mainland China, with the first record of sexual generation of Cynipini in winter. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107, 911–916.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN14076Abe, Y., Melika, G. & Stone, G.N. (2007) The diversity and phylogeography of cynipid gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the Eastern Palaearctic and their associated communities. Oriental Insects, 41, 169–212.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2007.10417504Csóka, G., Stone, G.N. & Melika, G. (2005) Biology, Ecology and Evolution of gall-inducing Cynipidae. In: Raman, A., Schaefer, C.W. & Withers, T.M. (Eds.), Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, New Hampshire, USA, pp. 569–636.
Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (1998) World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 408 pp.
Harris, R. (1979) A glossary of surface sculpturing. State of California, Department of Food and Agriculture, Occasional Papers in Entomology, 28, 1–31.
Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L. & deWaard, J.R. (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 270, 313–321.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218Ide, T., Wachi, N. & Abe, Y. (2010) Discovery of a new Plagiotrochus species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inducing galls on the evergreen oak in Japan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, 838–843.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN10101Ide, T., Wachi, N. & Abe, Y. (2012) Three new species and a new record of Cycloneuroterus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) inducing galls on Cyclobalanopsis in Japan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105, 539–549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN11172Ide, T., Wachi, N. & Abe, Y. (2013) Description of two new species of Dryocosmus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) inducing galls on the strictly Asian subgenus Cyclobalanopsis of the genus Quercus, with a key to species of Dryocosmus in East Asia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106, 18–25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN12050Liljeblad, J., Ronquist, F., Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L., Fontal-Cazalla, F., Ros-Farré, P., Gaitros, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2008) A fully web-illustrated morphological phylogenetic study of relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Zootaxa, 1796, 1–73.
Manos, P.S. & Stanford, A.M. (2001) The historical biogeography of Fagaceae: tracking the tertiary history of temperate and subtropical forests in the northern hemisphere. International Journal of Plant Science, 162, S77–S93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/323280Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C.-T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M.M., Pénzes, Zs., Csóka, Gy. & Stone, G.N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470, 1–79.
Melika, G., Tang, C.-T., Nicholls, J.A., Yang, M.-M. & Stone, G.N. (2011). Four New Species of Dryocosmus gallwasps from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). ISRN Zoology. Article ID 725180, 17 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/725180Melika, G., Tang, C.-T., Sinclair, F., Yang, M.-M., Lohse, K., Hearn, J., Nicholls, J.A. & Stone, G.N. (2013) A new genus of oak gallwasp, Cyclocynips Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3630 (3), 534–548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3630.3.8Nicholls, J.A., Challis, R.J., Mutun, S. & Stone, G.N. (2012) Mitochondrial barcodes are diagnostic of shared refugia but not species in hybridising oak gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 21, 4051–4062.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05683.xNicholls, J.A., Fuentes-Utrilla, P., Hayward, A., Melika, G., Csóka, G., Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L., Askew, R.R., Tavakoli, M., Schonrogge, K. & Stone, G.N. (2010) Community impacts of anthropogenic disturbance: natural enemies exploit multiple routes in pursuit of invading herbivore hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 322. Available from: http://www. biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/322. 4.29 (Accessed 8 Mar. 2016)
Ronquist, F. & Nordlander, G. (1989) Skeletal morphology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 33, 1–60.
Stone, G.N., Atkinson, R.J., Rokas, A., Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L., Melika, G., Acs, Z., Csóka, G., Hayward, A., Bailey, R., Buckee, C. & McVean, G.A.T. (2008) Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently purely asexual Andricus gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 17, 652–665.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03573.xStone, G.N., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Nicholls, J.A., Pierro, E.D., Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G. & Cook, J.M. (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution, 63, 854–869.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00604.xStone, G.N., Schönrogge, K., Atkinson, R.J., Bellido, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2002) The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 633–668.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145247Swofford, D.L. (1998) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods), v4. Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Tang, C.-T., Melika, G., Nicholls, J.A., Yang, M.-M. & Stone, G.N. (2011a) A new genus of oak gallwasps, Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang, with the description of five new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 3008, 33–62.
Tang, C.-T., Melika, G., Yang, M.-M., Nicholls, J.A. & Stone, G.N. (2011b) New species of oak gallwasps from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2865, 37–52.
Yukawa, J. & Masuda, H. (Eds.) (1996) Insect and mite galls of Japan in colors. Zenkoku-Nouson-Kyoukai, Tokyo, 826 pp. [in Japanese]