Abstract
Thirty new species of benthic leptothecate hydroids were described and named from Patagonia in a 1991 PhD dissertation by Mohamed El Beshbeeshy. Although constituting nomina nuda under provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the names of some species were used in several scientific publications between 1991 and 2011. In 2011, the dissertation of El Beshbeeshy was published in accordance with Article 8 of the ICZN. Several species-group names appearing in that work nevertheless fail to fully comply with certain articles of the code. The goal of this contribution is to review the nomenclatural availability of the names of those 30 new taxa, and to clearly establish the current status of El Beshbeeshy’s material. Two of them were made available in 1999 as part of studies other than those of El Beshbeeshy, and correct authorship and date is here noted. Twenty-one of the nomina nuda were made available in a work published by El Beshbeeshy in 2011, although some constitute junior synonyms. Six of the new species-group names appearing in both the 1991 and 2011 works, established following a literature review of Patagonian species, were proposed without re-description, or designation of name-bearing types, or locations of such types. Most of them do not meet criteria of availability and remain nomina nuda. The status of each is discussed to avoid additional nomenclatural errors and continued taxonomic confusion.
References
Allman, G.J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L.F. de Pourtalès, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 5, 1–66.
Allman, G.J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the scientific results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1–54.
Allman, G.J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part II. The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae, and Thalamophora. Report on the scientific results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1–90.
Antsulevich, A. & Vervoort, W. (1993) Some little-known species of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lafoeidae) and description of Papilionella pterophora gen. nov., spec. nov. (Sertulariidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 67, 431–443.
Billard, A. (1908) Note sur deux variétés nouvelles d’hydroïdesprovenant de l’expédition du “Siboga”. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale, 4 (8), LXXIII–LXXVII.
Blanco, O.M. (1967) Un nuevo aporte al conocimiento de la fauna hidroide Argentina. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 10, 97–127.
Blanco, O.M. (1974) Adición a los hidrozoos argentinos. Neotropica, 20, 43–47.
Calder, D.R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1–140.
Cunha, A.F., Genzano, G.N. & Marques, A.C. (2015) Reassessment of morphological diagnostic characters and species boundaries requires taxonomical changes for the genus Orthopyxis L. Agassiz, 1862 (Campanulariidae, Hydrozoa) and some related campanulariids. PLoS ONE, 10, e0117553.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117553Orbigny, A. d’ (1839) Zoophytes. In: Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 7–28.
El Beshbeeshy, M. (1991) Systematische, Morphologische und Zoogeographische Untersuchungen an den Thekaten Hydroiden des Patagonischen Schelfs. PhD. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 390 pp.
El Beshbeeshy, M. (2011) Thekate Hydroiden von Patagonischen Schelf (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Thecata). Edited by G. Jarms. Verhandlungen des Naturwischenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 46, 19–233.
Galea, H.R., Häussermann, V. & Försterra, G. (2009) New additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa, 2019, 1–28.
Garcia Corrales, P., Aguirre Inchaurbe, A. & Gonzalez Mora, D. (1980) Contribución al conocimiento de los hidrozoos de las costas españolas. Parte III: “Sertulariidae”. Boletín del Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 6, 5–67.
Genzano, G.N. & Zamponi, M.O. (1997) Frecuencia de estudio y diversidad de los hidrozoos bentónicos de la plataforma continentalArgentina. Ciencias Marinas, 23, 285– 302.
Hartlaub, C. (1905) Die Hydroiden der magalhaensischen Region und chilenischen Küste. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 6, 497–714.
Hincks, T. (1861) On new Australian Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 7, 279–281.
ICZN (1985) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 3rd Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 305 pp.
ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
Kirchenpauer, G.H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehälter. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften Herausgegeben von dem naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 3, 1–52.
Leloup, E. (1960) Hydropolypes du Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 17, 217–242.
Leloup, E. (1971) Hydropolypes de la Baie du Levrier, cote africaine occidentale. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 47, 1–8.
Leloup, E. (1974) Hydropolypes calyptoblastiques du Chili. Report No. 48 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-1949. Sarsia, 55, 1–61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1974.10411252Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. editio decima, reformata, Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, 823 pp.
Nutting, C.C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1–285.
Nutting, C.C. (1904) American hydroids. Part II. The Sertularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (2), 1–325.
Peña Cantero, A.L. & Vervoort, W. (1999) Review of the genus Schizotricha Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Halopterididae). Journal of Natural History, 33, 351–386.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002229399300290Peña Cantero, A.L. & Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805–861.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022293021000045154Peña Cantero, A.L., Svoboda, A. & Vervoort, W. (1997a) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent Antarctic expeditions with R.V. Polarstern, with the description of eight new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 339–388.
Peña Cantero, A.L., Svoboda, A. & Vervoort, W. (1997b) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from recent Antarctic expeditions with R.V. Polarstern, with the description of six new species. Journal of Natural History, 31, 329–381.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939700770171Peña Cantero, A.L., Marques, A.C. & Migotto, A.E. (2007) Revision of the genus Acryptolaria Norman, 1875 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae). Journal of Natural History, 41, 5–8.
Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137–256.
Schuchert, P. (2015) Campanularia eurycalyx Hartlaub, 1905, World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/Hydrozoa/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=284321 (accessed 26 May 2016)
Stechow, E. (1924) Diagnosen neuer Hydroiden aus Australien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 59, 57–69.
Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition Auf Dem Damfper “Valdivia” 1898-1899, 17, 383–546.
Stepanjants, S. (1979) Hydroids of the Antarctic and Subantarctic Waters. Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6, 1–199.
Tubbs, P.K. (2001) Availability of zoological names published in theses. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 58, 311–312.
Vervoort, W. (1972) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1–247.