Abstract
A review of Lernanthropidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) recorded on marine fish species in the Mediterranean and Turkish seas is presented together with the first records of two species of the genus Lernanthropus de Blainville, 1822 that are new to the Turkish coasts. The newly recorded parasites are: Lernanthropus gisleri van Beneden, 1852 from the gill filaments of Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lernanthropus callionymicola El-Rashidy & Boxshall, 2012 from the gill filaments of the Red Sea immigrant dragonet Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837. General morphology, measurements and key diagnostic characters of both species are presented, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, some contradictions are noted in previous descriptions of L. gisleri and some newly observed structural details of L. callionymicola are also presented.
References
Akmirza, A. (2003) Levrek (Dicentrachus labrax) balığında rastlanan parazitik arthropod: Lernanthropus brevis Richiardi, 1879. Türk Parazitoloji Dergisi, 27 (3), 214–216. [in Turkish with English summary]
Altunel, F.N. (1983) Parasitism on mullets (Mugil spp.). Ege University Faculty of Science Journal, Series B, 1, 364–378.
Antonelli, L., Quilichini, Y. & Marchand, B. (2012) Lernanthropus kroyeri (Van Beneden and Hesse 1851) parasitic Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae) of European cultured sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from Corsica: ecological and morphological study. Parasitology Research, 110, 1959–1968.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2724-6Arru, E., Leoni, A. & Garippa, G. (1988) Contributo alla conoscenza della parassitofauna dei pesci delle acque costiere ed interne della Sardegna. Parassitologia, Rome, 30 (Supplement 1), 14–16.
Asso, I. (1801) Introduccióa la ichthyiología oriental de España. Anales de Ciencias naturales, Instituto José de Acosta, Madrid, 4, 28–52.
Athanassopoulou, F., Ragias, V., Tavla, J., Christofilloyannis, P. & Liberis, N. (2001) Preliminary trials on the efficacy of ivermectin against Lernathropus kroyeri (Crustacea) in cultured sea bass D. labrax L. Aquaculture and Research, 32, 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2001.00522.x
Benmansour, B. & Ben Hassine, O.K. (1997) Preliminary analysis of parasitic copepod species richness among coastal fishes of Tunisia. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement), 341–344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009809386844Bere, R. (1936) Parasitic copepods from Gulf of Mexico fish. The American Midland Naturalist Journal, 17, 577–625.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419936
Bleeker, P. (1855) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichtyologische fauna van Amboina.
Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 8, 391–434.
Bloch, M.E. (1792) Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Vol. 6. J. Morino & Company, Berlin, x + 126 pp., plates CCLXXXIX–CCCXXIII.
Boxshall, G.A. (1974) Infections with parasitic copepods in North Sea marine fishes. Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 355–372.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400058598Boxshall, G.A. & Halsey, S.H. (2004) An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. Ray Society, London, xvi + 966 pp.
Brian, A. (1898) Catalogo di copepodi parassiti dei pesci della Liguria. Bolletino dei Musei e Laboratorii di Zoologia e di Anatomia comparata della R. Università di Genova, 61, 1–27, plates 1–4.
Brian, A. (1903) Sui Copepodi parassiti di pesci marini dell’ Isola d’Elba. 4a Nota. Bolletino dei Musei e Laboratorii di Zoologia e di Anatomia comparata della R. Università di Genova, 121, 1–8.
Brian, A. (1906) Copepodi parassiti dei Pesci d’Italia. Stabilimento Tipo-Litografico Regio Istituto Sordomuti, Genova, 187 pp., plates 1–21.
Brian, A. (1924) Parasitologia Mauritanica. Arthropoda (1re partie), Copepoda. Copépodes commensaux et parasites des côtes mauritaniennes. Bulletin du Comité d’Études historiques et scientifiques de l’Afrique occidentale française, 9, 364–427.
Cabral, P. (1983) Morphologie, biologie et écologie des Copépodes parasites du Loup Dicentrarchus labrax (Linné, 1758) et du Sar rayé Diplodus sargus (Linné, 1758) de la région languedocienne. Thèse de 3ème cycle, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, 221 pp.
Cabral, P., Coste, F. & Raibaut, A. (1984) Cycle évolutif de Lernanthropus kroyeri van Beneden, 1851, Copépode branchial hématophage du Loup Dicentrarchus labrax (Linné, 1758) dans des populations naturelles et en élevage. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et comparée, 59 (2), 189–207.
Cadenat, J. (1951) Initiations africaines. III. Poissons de mer du Sénégal. Institute Français d’Afrique Noire, Dakar, 345 pp.
Carus, J.V. (1893) Vertebrata. 1. Class. Pisces. In: Prodromus faunae Mediterraneae sive descriptio animalium maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adiectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus in commodum zoologorum: volume 2 (Branchiostoma, Mollusca, Tunicata, Vertebrata). E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch), Stuttgart, pp. 498–711.
Castro Romero, R. & Öktener, A. (2010) Mitrapus oblongus (Pillai, 1964) (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernanthropidae) female and male redescription from specimens collected on Sardinella aurita from Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 30, 121–127.
Cocco, A. (1833) Cenni sul genere Ruvettus e sui caratteri che lo distinguone. Osservationes
Peloritani, 8, 18.
Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Règne animal distribué d’après son Organisation, pour servir de Base à l’Histoire naturelle des Animaux et d’Introduction à l’Anatomie comparée. Nouvelle Édition, revue et augmentée. Vol. 1. Déterville & Crochard, Paris, xv + 406 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1964
Cuvier, G. (1830) Histoire naturelle des Poissons. Tome cinquième. Livre cinquième. Des Sciénoïdes. F.G. Levrault, Paris, xxviii + 499 + 4 pp., plates 100–140.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1830) Historie naturelle des Poissons. Tome sixiéme. Livre sixiéme. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. F.G. Levrault, Paris, xxiv + 6 + 559 pp., plates 141–169. [Valenciennes authored pp. 1–425 and 493–559, Cuvier pp. 426–491]
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1832) Histoire naturelle des Poissons. Tome huitième. Livre neuvième. Des Scombéroïdes. F.G. Levrault, Paris, xix + 5 + 509 pp., plates 209–245. [Cuvier authored pp. 1–470, Valenciennes pp. 471–509]
de Blainville, H.M. (1822) De l’Organisation des Animaux, ou Principes d’Anatomie comparée. F.G. Levrault, Paris, lix + 574 pp.
Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1950) Copépodes parasites des poissons de Banyuls (1ère série). Vie et Milieu, 1 (3), 305–309.
Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Nunes(-Ruivo), L.P. (1952) Copépodes parasites de poissons de Banyuls (2me série). Vie et Milieu, 3 (3), 292–300.
Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Nunes-Ruivo, L.P. (1954) Parasites de poissons de mer ouest-africains récoltés par M. J. Cadenat. II. Copépodes (1re Note) Genres Lernanthropus, Sagum, Paeon, Pennella. Bulletin de l’Institut français d’Afrique noire, Series A, 16 (1), 139–166.
Diebakate, C. (1994) Recherches sur la Morphologie, la Taxonomie et la Bio-écologie des Hatschekiidae et des Lernanthropidae, Copépodes parasites des Poissons des Côtes sénégalaises. Thèse 3ème cycle, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 74 pp. + 17 plates.
El-Rashidy, H. & Boxshall, G.A. (2012) A new copepod (Siphonostomatoida: Lernanthropidae) parasitic on a Red Sea immigrant dragonet (Actinopterygii: Callionymiidae), with a review of records of parasitic copepods from dragonets. Systematic Parasitology, 81, 87–96.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-011-9326-7
Felgenhauer, B.E. (1987) Techniques for preparing crustaceans for scanning electron microscopy. Journal of crustacean Biology, 7, 71–76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1548626
Fonsêca, F.T.B. (2003) Copépodos parasitas de Peixes Mugilidae, Centropomidae e Gerreidae do Canal de Santa Cruz e Área de Suape (Pernambuco, Brasil). Tese de Doutorado em Oceanografia Biologica. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 159 pp.
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Eds.) (2014) FishBase version (08/2014). Available from: www.fishbase.org (accessed 22 September 2014)
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. (1817) Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. In: Description de l’Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l’Expedition de l’Armée français, publié par les Ordres de sa Majesté-l’Empereur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 1. Part 1. Imprimerie impériale, Paris, plates 18–27.
Goggio, E. (1905) Intorno al genere Lernanthropus, De Blain. (Epachthes, v. Nordm.) con descrizione di tre specie non descritte. Atti della Societá toscana di Scienze naturali, Residente in Pisa, 21, 134–149, plate 2.
Günther, A. (1865) A contribution to the ichthyology of west Africa. Annals and Magazine of Ho, J.-S. & Do, T.T. (1985) Copepods of the family Lernanthropidae parasitic on Japanese marine fishes, with a phylogenetic analysis of the lernanthropid genera. Report of the Sado marine biological Station, Niigata University, 15, 31–76.
Ho, J.-s. & Do, T.T. (1985). Copepods of the family Lernanthropidae parasitic on Japanese marine fishes, with a phylogenetic analysis of the lernanthropid genera. Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University 15, 31-76.
Ho, J.-S., Liu, W.-C. & Lin, C.-L. (2008) Six species of lernanthropid copepods (Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 35, 251–280.
Ho, J.-S., Liu, W.-C. & Lin, C.-L. (2011) Six species of the Lernanthropidae (Crustacea: Copepoda) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan, with a key to 18 species of the family known from Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 50, 611–635.
Huys, R. & Boxshall, G.A. (1991) Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society, London, 468 pp.
ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxx + 306 pp.
Johnson, S.C., Treasurer, J.W., Bravo, S., Nagasawa, K. & Kabata, Z. (2004) A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture. Zoological Studies, 43, 229–243.
Kabata, Z. (1979) Parasitic Copepoda of British Fishes. Ray Society, London, xii + 468 pp., figures 1–2031.
Korun, J. &. Tepecik, R.E. (2005) Gill lesions caused by infection of Lernanthropus spp. Blainville, 1822 on cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. 1758). Journal of Faculty of veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University, 31 (2), 1–8.
Koyuncu, C.E., Castro Romero, R. & Karaytuğ, S. (2012) Lernanthropus indefinitus n. sp. (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae) parasitic on Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (Pisces, Sciaenidae). Crustaceana, 85, 1409–1420.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003138
Krøyer, H.N. (1863) Bidrag til kundskab om snyltekrebsene. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 75–426, plates 1–18
Lacepède, B.G.E. (1801) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Poissons.Vol. 3. F. Dufart, Paris, lxvi + 558 pp., plates 1–34.
Lacepède, B.G.E. (1803) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Poissons. Vol. 5. F. Dufart, Paris, lxviii + 803 pp., index, plates 1–21.
Lesueur, C.A. (1821) Observations on several genera and species of fish, belonging to the natural family of the Esoces. Journal of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2 (1), 124–138.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per Regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Vol. 1. 10th Eidition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp.
Lowe, R.T. (1838) A synopsis of the fishes of Madeira; with the principal synonyms, Portuguese names, and characters of the new genera and species. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 2 (3), 173–200.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1839.tb00017.xManera, M. & Dezfuli, B.S. (2003) Lernanthropus kroyeri infections in farmed sea bass Dicentrachus labrax: pathological features. Diseases of aquatic Organisms, 57, 177–180.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao057177
Merella, P.S., Cherchi, F.S. & Garippa, G. (2005) Parasitological survey of sharpsnout seabream Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) reared in sea cages in Sardinia (western Mediterranean). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25 (4), 140–147.
Norman, J.R. (1931) Four new fishes from the Gold Coast. Annals and Magazine of Öktener, A., Koç, H.T. & Erdoğan, Z. (2009) Fish/parasites interrelationships in Turkey: a review. Ittiopatologia, 6, 121–139.
Öktener, A. & Trilles, J.P. (2004) Three new parasitic copepod species for the parasite fauna of marine fish of Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 10, 71–80.
Özak, A.A., Demirkale, İ. & Yanar, A. (2012) First record of two species of parasitic copepods on immigrant pufferfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) caught in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries & aquatic Sciences, 12, 1–2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v12_3_16
Özak, A.A., Demirkale, İ., Boxshall, G.A. & Etyemez, M. (2013) Parasitic copepods of the common sole, Solea solea (L.), from the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Systematic Parasitology, 86, 173–185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-013-9441-8
Özel, İ., Öktener, A. & Aker, V. (2004) A morphological study (SEM) on a parasitic copepod: Lernanthropus kroyeri van Beneden 1851. Journal of Fisheries and aquatic Sciences, 21, 335–337.
Oğuz, M.C. & Öktener, A. (2007) Four parasitic crustacean species from marine fishes of Turkey. Acta parasitologica turcica, 31, 79–83.
Papoutsoglou, S.S. (1976) Metazoan parasites of fishes from Saronicos Gulf, Athens, Greece. Thalassographica, 1 (1), 9–102.
Pearse, A.S. (1952) Parasitic Crustacea from the Texas coast. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, 1952, 1–42.
Poey, F. (1860) Memorias sobre la Historia natural de la isla de Cuba, acompañadas de Sumarios latinos y Extractos en francés. Vol. II. Imprenta de Barcina, Habana, 240 pp. [pp. 97–336]
Poquet, M. (1981) Aportaciones al estudio morfológico de algunas especies de Copépodos parasitos de peces del litoral mediterráneo. Miscelánea Zoologica, Barcelona, 5, 161–171.
Pillai, N.K. (1961) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes, Family Caligidae. Bulletin of the central Research Institute, University of Kerala, 8, 87–130.
Pillai, N.K. (1963) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes: Family Anthosomidae. Journal of the Bombay natural History Society, 60, 655–670.
Pillai, N.K. (1964) A miscellaneous collection of copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Journal of the marine biological Association of India, 6, 655–670.
Radujkovic, B. & Raibaut, A. (1989) Parasites des poissons marins des côtes du Monténégro: Copépodes. Acta adriatica, 28, 237–278.
Rafinesque, C.S. (1810) Caratteri di alcuni nuovi Generi e nuove Specie di Animali e Piante della Sicilia, con varie Osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Sanfilippo, Palermo, 105 pp., 20 plates. [pp. i–iv, 3–69 (70 blank) [Part 1]; ia–iva, 71–105 pp. (106 blank) [Part 2], plates 1–20, also published (but postdating) as Rafinesque, C.S. (1910) Indice d’Ittiologia siciliana; Ossia, Catalogo metodico dei Nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei Pesci, che si Rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un Metodo naturale e seguito da un Appendice che contiene la Descrizione de alcuni nuovi Pesci siciliani. G. del Nobolo, Messina, 70 pp., plates 1–2]
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.104418Ragias, V., Tontis, D. & Athanassopoulou, F. (2004) Incidence of an intense Caligus minimus Otto, 1821, C. pageti Russell, 1925, C. mugilis Brian, 1935 and C. apodus Brian, 1924 infection in lagoon cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in Greece. Aquaculture, 242, 727–733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.08.019
Raibaut A., Ben Hassine, O.K. & Maamouri, K. (1971) Copépodes parasites des poissons de Tunis (1ère série). Bulletin de l’Institut océanogaphique et des Pêches de Salammbô, 2 (2), 169–197.
Raibaut, A., Combes, C. & Benoit, F. (1998) Analysis of the parasitic copepod species richness among Mediterranean fish. Journal of marine Systems, 15, 185–206.
Richardson, J. (1846) Ichthyology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus & Terror, under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S. In: Richardson, J. & Gray, J.E. (Eds.), The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus & Terror, under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S. during the Years 1839 to 1843. Vol. 2 (2). Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row, London, pp. 53–74.
Richiardi, S. (1878) Sopra cinque specie nuove di Crostacei parassiti. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze naturali, Processi verbali e Memorie, Serie B, 1, lxxxi–lxxxii.
Richiardi, S. (1880) Catalogo sistematico dei Crostacei che vivono sul corpo degli animali aquatici in Italia. In: Catalogo generale della Sezione Italiana alla Exposizione Internazionale della Pesca in Berlino, 1880, 146–153.
Richiardi, S. (1885) Descrizione di due specie nuove del genere Lernanthropus. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze naturali, Processi verbali e Memorie, Serie B, 4, 82–84.
Risso, A. (1810) Ichthyologie de Nice ou Histoire naturelle des Poissons du Département des Alpes maritimes. F. Schoell, Paris, xxxvi + 388 pp, plates 1–11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7052Rose, M. & Vaissière, R. (1953) Catalogue préliminaire des Copépodes de l’Afrique du Nord (II). Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord, 43, 164–176.
Rüppell, W.P.E.S. (1837) Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Siegmund Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main, 28 pp., plates 15–21. [pp. 53–80]
Song, D.-X. & Chen, G.-X. (1976) Some parasitic copepods from marine fishes of China. Acta zoologica sinica, 22, 406–424. [in Chinese with English summary]
Steindachner, F. (1868) Icthyologiche Notizen (VII). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien v. 57, 9665-1008, Plates. 1–5. [Also as a Separate, pp. 1–44, Plates 1–5]
Temminck, C.J. & Schlegel, H. (1843) Pisces. In: Fauna Japonica, sive Descriptio animalium quae in itinere per Japoniam suscepto Annis 1823–30 collegit, Notis observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Philipp Franz de Siebold, Part 1, 1–20.
Tokşen, E. (1999) Metazoan gill parasites of culture Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in Aegean Sea coast and their treatment. Ph.D. dissertation, Ege University, İzmir, 153 pp.
Tokşen, E. (2007) Lernanthropus kroyeri van Beneden, 1851 (Crustacea: Copepoda) infections of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 27 (2), 49.
Tokşen, E., Boxshall, G.A. & Altinozek, S. (2012) Sagum posteli Delamare Deboutteville & Nunes-Ruivo, 1954 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernanthropidae) parasitic on Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) in Turkish waters, with a key to the species of Sagum Wilson, 1913. Systematic Parasitology, 82, 71–80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-012-9350-2Tokşen, E., Çağırgan, H., Tanrikul, T.T. & Saygi, H. (2006) The effect of emamectin benzoate in the control of Lernanthropus kroyeri (Van Beneden, 1851) (Lernanthropidae) investigation in cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30, 405–409.
Tokşen, E., Değirmenci, U. & Cankurt, M. (2010) The effect of trichlorfon on the control of Lernanthropus kroyeri (van Beneden, 1851) (Lernanthropidae) infestations in cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 30, 205.
Valenciennes, A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des Poissons. Tome douzième. Suite du livre quatorzième. Gobioïdes. Livre quinzième. Acanthoptérygiens à pectorales pédiculées. F.G. Levrault, Paris, xxiv + 507 + 1 pp., plates 344–368.
Valenciennes, A. (1843) Ichthyologie des Îles Canaries, ou histoire naturelle des poissons rapportés par MM. P.-B. Webb et S. Berthelot et décrits par M. A. Valenciennes. In: Webb. P.-B. & Berthelot, S. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des Îles Canaries. Vol. 2. Part 2. Béthune, Paris, pp. 1–109, plates 1–26.
Valenciennes, A. (1847) Histoire naturelle des Poissons. Tome vingtième. Livre vingt et unième. De la famille des Clupéoïdes. P. Bertrand, Paris, xviii + 1 + 472 pp., plates 591–606.
Valle, A. (1881) Crostacei parassiti dei pesci del Mare Adriatico. Bollettino della Società adriatica di Scienze naturali, Trieste, 6, 55–90.
van Beneden, P.-J. (1851) Recherches sur quelques Crustacés inférieurs. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie, 3e Série, 16, 71–131, plates 2–6.
van Beneden, P.-J. (1852) Note sur quelques parasites d’un poisson rare sur nos côtes (le Maigre d’Europe, Sciaena aquila, Cuv.). Bulletin de l’Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 19 (3), 98–109, plate 1.
Walbaum, J.J. (1792) Petri Artedi sueci Genera piscium. In quibus Systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum Classibus, Ordinibus, Generum characteribus, Specierum differentiis, Observationibus plurimis. Redactis Speciebus 242 ad Genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae [Greifswald], viii + 723 pp., plates 1–3.
Wilson, C.B. (1913) Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes and land crabs, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44, 189–277.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.44-1950.189
Wilson, C.B. (1922) North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Dichelesthiidae, 1922. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 60 (5), 1–100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.60-2400.1Yamaguti, S. (1936) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan. Part 3, Caligoida II. Published by the author, Kyoto, 121 pp.
Yamaguti, S. (1963) Parasitic Copepoda and Branchiura of Fishes. Interscience Publishers, New York, 1103 pp.