Abstract
Three new tardigrade species, Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov., Batillipes dandarae sp. nov. and Batillipes potiguarensis sp. nov., are described from shallow subtidal sediments of the Brazilian coast. B. brasiliensis sp. nov. and B. dandarae sp. nov. have toes 3 and 4 on leg IV different in length, so they can be included in the D group of species, while B. potiguarensis sp. nov., with toes 3 and 4 on leg IV equal in length belong to the A group. Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov. is characterized by having an ala-like caudal expansion; cuticular projections on the coxal region of legs I-III, and lateral projections. The lateral projection located between the third and fourth legs is fringed with digit-shaped expansions. Batillipes dandarae sp. nov. has a dorsal blunt enlargement in the scapular region; a pointed triangular caudal appendage, and no lateral projections. The new species exhibits a sensorial spine on legs I inserted posteriorly and turning forward, and anus surrounded by a peculiar cuticular structure constituted by six platelets. Batillipes potiguarensis sp. nov. is characterized by a unique combination of characters: scapular region well developed, protruding laterally at the level of the first pair of legs; lateral blunt processes between legs, and prominent roundish caudal protrusion. In addition, the new species exhibits cephalic appendages with swollen tips, evident secondary clavae, and very short sense organs on the legs IV.
References
da Rocha, C.M.C., Fonsêca-Genevois, V. & Victor-Castro, F.J. (2000) Distribuição espaço-temporal de Batillipes pennaki Marcus, 1946 (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) na margem sul da ilha de Itamaracá (Pernambuco—Brasil). Trabalhos Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 28, 35–46.
da Rocha, C.M.C., Fonsêca-Genevois, V., Victor-Castro, F.J., Bezerra, T.N.C., Venekey, V. & Botelho, A. P. (2004) Environmental interactions of Batillipes pennaki (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) in a tropical sandy beach (Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brazil). Meiofauna Marina, 13, 79–86.
da Rocha, C.M.C., Santos, E.C.L., Gomes Jr., E.L., Moura, J.R., Silva, L.G.S. & Barbosa, D.F. (2013) New records of marine tardigrades from Brazil. Journal of Limnology, 72 (Supplement 1), 102–107.
Delamare-Deboutteville, C. & Renaud-Mornant, J. (1965) Un remarquable genre de Tardigrades des sables coralliens de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Compte Rendu de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, 266, 2581–2583.
Degma, P. & Guidetti, R. (2007) Notes to the current checklist of Tardigrada. Zootaxa, 1579, 41–53.
Degma, P., Bertolani, R. & Guidetti, R. (2009–2016) Actual checklist of Tardigrada species. Version 31. 47 pp. 15/12/2015. Available from: http://www.tardigrada.modena.unimo.it/miscellanea/Actual%20checklist%20of%20Tardigrada.pdf (accessed 21 February 2017)
de Zio Grimaldi, S. (1962) Descrizione di Batillipes annulatus n. sp. e note su Batillipes pennaki Marcus, nuovo rinvenimento nel Mediterraneo (Hetrotardigrada). Annuario dell Istituto e Museo di Zoologia della Universita di Napoli, 14 (6), 1–7.
Doyère, L.M. (1840) Mémoire sur les Tardigrades. I. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, Série 2, 14, 2693–62.
du Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. (1952) On South American Malacopoda. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo, serie Zoologia, 17, 189–209.
Fujimoto, S. Jørgensen, A. & Hansen, J.G. (2016) A molecular approach to arthrotardigrade phylogeny (Heterotardigrada, Tardigrada). Zoologica Scripta. [published online]
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12221Gallo D’Addabbo, M., de Zio Grimaldi, S., Morone De Lucia, M.R., Pietanza, R., D’Addabbo, R. & Todaro, M.A. (1999) Diversity and dynamics of an interstitial Tardigrada population in the Meloria Shoals, Ligurian Sea, with a redescription of Batillipes similis (Heterotardigrada, Batillipedidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 66, 51–61.
Gallo d’Addabbo, M., D’Addabbo, R. & de Zio Grimaldi, S. (2000) Redescription of Batillipes dicrocercus Pollock, 1970 and revision of the genus Batillipes (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 239, 329–330.
Gallo d’Addabbo, M., Sandulli, R. & Grimaldi de Zio, S. (2005) New Battillipedidae (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) from the Orosei Gulf, Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Sea. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 243, 219–225.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2004.07.004Gross, V., Miller, W.R. & Hochberg, R. (2014) A new tardigrade, Mutaparadoxipus duodigifinis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Heterotardigrada: Arthrotardigrada), from the southeastern United States. Zootaxa, 3835 (2), 263–272.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3835.2.6Guidetti, R. & Bertolani, R. (2005) Tardigrade taxonomy: an updated check list of the taxa and a list of characters for their identification. Zootaxa, 845 (1), 1–46.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.845.1.1Höfling-Epifanio, E. (1972) Ocorrência de Batillipes mirus Richters 1909 e B. tubernatis Pollock, 1971 (Tardigrada) no litoral brasileiro. Ciência e Cultura, 24 (6), 358–359.
Jørgensen, A., Boesgaard, T.M., Møbjerg, N. & Kristensen, R.M. (2014) The tardigrade fauna of Australian marine caves: with descriptions of nine new species of Arthrotardigrada. Zootaxa, 3802 (4), 401–443.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.1Kaczmarek, Ł., Bartels, P.J., Roszkowska, M. & Nelson, D.R. (2015) The zoogeography of marine tardigrades. Zootaxa, 4037 (1), 001–189.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4037.1.1Kristensen, R.M. (1978) Notes on Marine Heterotardigrades. 1. Description of two Batillipes species, using the electron microscope. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 200, 1–17.
Kristensen, R.M. (1984) On the biology of Wingstrandarctus corallinus nov. gen. et spec., with notes on the symbiontic bacteria in the subfamily Florarctinae (Arthrotardigrada). Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 145, 201–218.
Kristensen, R.M. & Mackness, B.S. (2000) First record of the marine Tardigrade genus Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from South Australia with a description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum, 33 (2), 73–87.
Marcus, E. (1927) Zur Anatomie und Ökologie mariner Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 53, 487–588.
Marcus, E. (1946) Batillipes pennaki, a new marine tardigrade from the North and South American Atlantic coast. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 2, 1–3.
McKirdy, D.J. (1975) Batillipes (Heterotardigrada): Comparison of six species from Florida (USA) and a discussion of taxonomic characters within the genus. Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 32 (Supplement), 177223.
Menechella, A.G., Bulnes, V.N. & Cazzaniga, N.J. (2015) A new Batillipedidae (Tardigrada. Arthrotardigrada) from Argentina. Zootaxa, 4032 (3), 339–344.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4032.3.11
Morone De Lucia, R.M., D’Addabo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1988) Descrizione di due nuove specie di Batillipedidae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 29, 361–373.
Pollock, L.W. (1970) Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and other tardigrade from Woods Hole, Massachussets, U.S.A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 89 (1), 38–52.
Pollock, L.W. (1971) On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 51, 93–103.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400006482Ramazzotti, G. (1962) Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 14, 1–595.
Renaud-Mornant, J. (1982) Sous-famille et genre nouveaux de Tardigrades marins (Arthrotardigrada). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4e, Section A, nº 1–2, 89–94.
Renaud-Mornant, J. (1989) Opydorscus. un nouveau genre d’Orzeliscinae et sa signification phylogénique (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4e, 11 (4), 763–771.
Richters, F. (1909) Marine Tardigraden. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, 1909, 28–48.
Rho, H.S., Min, B.H. & Chang, C.Y. (1999) Taxonomic study of Marine Tardigrades from Korea I. Genus Batillipes (Heterotardigrada: Batillipedidae). The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 15 (1), 107–118.
Schulz, E., (1955) Studien an marinen tardigraden. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 11, 74–79.
Schulz, E. (1963) Über die Tardigraden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 171, 3–12.
Thulin, G. (1928) Über die Phylogenie und das System der Tardigraden. Hereditas Genetiskt Arkiv, 11, 207–266.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02488.xVictor-Castro, F.J., Fonsêca-Genevois, V., Lira, L. & Da Rocha, C.M.C. (1999) Efeito da granulometria e da topografia sobre a distribuição de Batillipes pennaki Marcus, 1946 em zona tropical típica: restinga do Paiva, Pernambuco, Brasil. Trabalhos Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 27 (2), 89–102.
Villora-Moreno, S. & de Zio Grimaldi, S. (1993) Redescription and ecology of Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (Arthrotardigrada, Batillipedidae) in the gulf of Valencia (western Mediterranean). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 34, 387–399.
Zawierucha, K., Grzelakb, K., Kotwickib, L., Kaczmarekac, Ł. & Kristensen, R.M. (2015) First observation of the marine tardigrades Batillipes mirus and Batillipes noerrevangi (Arthrotardigrada, Batillipedidae) from a strongly brackish part of the Polish Baltic Sea coast. Marine Biology Research, 11 (8), 859–868.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2015.1024133