Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4323 No. 2: 21 Sept. 2017
Type: Article
Published: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4323.2.2
Page range: 185–196
Abstract views: 117
PDF downloaded: 3

A new species of Theretra Hübner (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from the southern Western Ghats, India

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India.
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India.
Lepidoptera Macroglossinae taxonomy new species descriptions Kerala Shendurney WLS

Abstract

A new species of the genus Theretra Hübner [1819], Theretra shendurneensis sp. nov., is described from Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, southern Western Ghats, India, based on external and internal morphology, and genetic markers. The new species is compared in external and male genital morphology, genetic divergence and geographic range with three similar and closely related species: T. boisduvalii (Bugnion, 1839), T. sumatrensis (Joicey and Kaye, 1917) and T. rhesus (Boisduval, [1875]). Recent changes to the classification of Theretra are discussed and rejected.

 

References

  1. Abraham, R.K., Pyron, R.A., Ansil, B.R. & Zachariah, A. (2013) Two novel genera and one new species of treefrog (Anura: Rhacophoridae) highlight cryptic diversity in the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa, 3640 (2), 177–199.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.3

    Anonymous (2015) An identification guide of Japanese Moths. Available from: http://www.jpmoth.org (accessed 10 February 2017)

    Ballesteros-Mejia, L., Kitching, I.J., Jetz, W. & Beck, J. (2016) Putting insects on the map: near-global variation in sphingid moth richness along spatial and environmental gradients. Ecography, 40 (6), 698–708.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02438

    BirdLife International (2017). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary. Available from: http://www.birdlife.org (accessed 3 February 2017)

    Bell, T.R.D. & Scott, F.B. (1937) Sphingidae. Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths 5, 1–537, 15 pls.

    Brower, A.V.Z., Freitas, A.V.L., Lee, M.M., Silva-Brandao, K.L., Whinnett, A. & Willmott, K.R. (2006) Phylogenetic relationships among the Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene regions. Systematic Entomology, 31, 288–301.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00321.x

    Butler, A.G. (1876) Revision of the heterocerous Lepidoptera of the family Sphingidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 9, 511–644.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1876.tb00236.x

    Diehl, E.W. ([1982] 1980) Die Sphingiden Sumatras. Heterocera Sumatrana, 1, 1–97.

    Dupont, F. & Roepke, W. (1941) Heterocera Javanica. Fam. Sphingidae, hawk moths. Verhandlingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde 2, 40, 1–104.

    Haxaire, J. & Melichar, T. (2013) Cinq nouveaux Sphingidae asiatiques (Lepidoptera : Sphingidae). The European Entomologist, 4 (3), 141–160.

    Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L. & deWaard, J.R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270 (1512), 313–321.
    https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218

    Holloway, J.D. (1987) The Moths of Borneo. Part 3. Families Lasiocampidae, Eupterotidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae. Southern Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, 199 pp., 163 figs., 20 pls.

    Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17, 754–755.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754

    Inoue, H., Kennett, R.D. & Kitching, I.J. ([1996] 1997). Sphingidae. In: Pinratana, A. (Ed.), Moths of Thailand. Vol. 2. Chok Chai Press, Bangkok, pp. i–vi + 1–149, 44 pls.

    Joshi, S., Kosterin, O. & Kunte, K. (2016) New status for Fraser’s forgotten Aciagrion approximans krishna, stat. nov. (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) from the Western Ghats of India. Journal of Odonatology, 19 (1-2), 41–51.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2016.1166463

    Kawahara, A.Y., Mignault, A.A., Regier, J.C., Kitching, I.J. & Mitter, C. (2009) Phylogeny and biogeography of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): evidence from five nuclear genes. PloS ONE, 4, e5719.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005719

    Kitching, I.J. (2017). Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory. Available from: http://sphingidae.myspecies.info/ (accessed 12 February 2017)

    Kitching, I. J. & Cadiou, J.M. (2000) Hawkmoths of the world, an annotated and illustrated revisionary checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, viii + 226 pp.

    Kitching, I.J., Kendrick, R. & Smetacek, P. (2014). A list of hawkmoth species (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka, including their common names. Available from: http://flutters.org/home/docs/Hawkmoths_of_India_et_al.pdf (accessed 14 August 2013)

    Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29 (6), 1695–1701.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020

    Mathew, G., Chandran, R., Brijesh, C.M. & Shamsudeen, R.S.M. (2004). Insect fauna of Shendurny Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala. Zoos’ Print Journal, 19 (1), 1321–1327. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT

    Mathew, G. & Rahamathulla, V.K. (1995) Biodiversity in the Western Ghats – A study with reference to moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) in the Silent Valley National Park, India. Entomon, 20 (2), 25–33.

    Melichar, T., Řezáč, M., Manjunatha, H.B. & Horecký, I.C. (2014) A new species of the genus Acosmeryx Boisduval, 1875 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from the southern part of India. The European Entomologist, 6 (3), 181–187.

    Melichar, T. (Ed.) (2012) Official Report on the Sampling of the Sphingidae Family in the State of Karnataka. Sphingidae Museum, Příbram, 275 pp. Avaliable from: http://indiabiodiversity.org/biodiv/content/documents/810.pdf (Accessed 20 Sept. 2017)

    Patil, R. R., Ghorepade, K. & Chandaragi, M. (2013). Notes on Hawk Moths (Lepidoptera—Sphingidae) in the Karwar-Dharwar transect, peninsular India: a tribute to TRD Bell (1863-1948). Colemania, (33), 1–16.

    Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2007) BOLD : The Barcode of Life Data System (www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (3), 355–364.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x

    Roessler, R.U. & Küppers, P.V. (1977) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Sumatras: zur Ethologie und Geobiologie der Schwärmer Sumatras (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 28, 160–197.

    Rougerie, R., Kitching, I.J., Haxaire, J., Miller, S.E., Hausmann, A. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2014) Australian Sphingidae – DNA barcodes challenge current species boundaries and distributions. PLoS ONE, 9 (7), e101108.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101108

    Sasidharan, N. & Anto, P.V. (1997) New records of two rare and threatened plants for Kerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 21 (1), 247–248.

    Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 12 (4), 335–337.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0

    Shubhalaxmi, V., Kendrick, R.C., Vaidya, A., Kalagi, N. & Bhagwat, A. (2012) Inventory of moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of the northern Western Ghats. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108, 183–205.

    Smetacek, P. (1994) The hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of Kumaon, N. India: A probable case of faunal drift. Occasional Papers. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 156, 1–55 + [2].

    Sondhi, Y., Sondhi, S., Roy, P. & Kitching, I.J. (2017) Theretra sumatrensis Joicey & Kaye, 1917. In Sondhi, S., Sondhi, Y. & Roy, P. (Eds.), Moths of India. Vol. 2. Indian Foundation for Butterflies. Available from: http://www.mothsofindia.org/sp/355310/Theretra-sumatrensis (accessed 1 April 2017)

    Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (12), 2725–2729.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

    Vaglia, T., Haxaire, J., Kitching, I.J. & Liyous, M. (2010) Contribution à la connaissance des Theretra Hübner, 1819, des complexes clotho (Drury, 1773), boisduvalii (Bugnion, 1839) et rhesus (Boisduval, [1875]). The European Entomologist, 3 (1), 41–77.

    Wilson, J.J., Rougerie, R., Schonfeld, J., Janzen, D.H., Hajibabaei, W., Kitching, I.J., Haxaire, J. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2011) When species matches are unavailable are DNA barcodes correctly assigned to higher taxa? An assessment using sphingid moths. BMC Ecology, 11 (1), 18.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-11-18

    Zolotuhin, V.V. & Ryabov, S.A. (2012) The hawkmoths of Vietnam. Korporatsiya Tekhnologiy Prodvizheniya, Ulyanovsk, 239 pp.