Abstract
The gempylid fish genus Epinnula is reviewed and two species are recognized. The type species E. magistralis is considered restricted to the western Atlantic Ocean and a new species from the Pacific Ocean is described. The new species, Epinnula pacifica sp. nov., can be distinguished from E. magistralis by 17 or 18 dorsal-fin rays (vs. 15 or 16 in E. magistralis), 15 or 16 anal-fin rays (vs. 13 or 14), 247–268 total scales on lower lateral line (vs. 285–330), a deeper body, relatively high dorsal fin as reflected by the relatively long fin spines and rays, longer dorsal-fin and anal-fin bases, longer pectoral fin, and longer pelvic fin and pelvic spine.
References
Collette, B.B., Potthoff, T., Richards, W.J., Ueyanagi, S., Russo, J.L. & Nishikawa, Y. (1984) Scombroidei: development and relationships. In: Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 1, 591–620.
Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2017) Catalog of fishes. Online version. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed 11 December 2017)
Goode, G.B. & Bean, T.H. (1896) Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep–sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum, 2, 1–553.
Grey, M. (1953) Fishes of the family Gempylidae, with records of Nesiarchus and Epinnula from the western Atlantic and descriptions of two new subspecies of Epinnula orientalis. Copeia, 1953 (3), 135–141.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1439918Gilchrist, J.D.F. & von Bonde, C. (1924) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S.S. "Pickle" (Part II). Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 3 (7) [1922], 1–24.
Günther, A. (1860) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Volume 2. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Squamipinnes, Cirrhitidae, Triglidae, Trachinidae, Sciaenidae, Polynemidae, Sphyraenidae, Trichiuridae, Scombridae, Carangidae, Xiphiidae. British Museum, London, 548 pp.
Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2016) First record of the snake mackerel Epinnula magistralis (Perciformes: Gempylidae) from the Tokara Islands, Japan. Fauna Ryukyuana, 30, 11–15.
Ho, H.-C. & Yee, W.-S. (2012) Note on Epinnula magistralis Poey, a genus and species new to Taiwan (Perciformes: Gempylidae). Platax, 9, 61–66.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. (1958) Fishes of the Great Lakes region. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 213 pp.
Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. (1896) The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish–like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 47, 1–1240.
Kamohara, T. (1938a) Gempylidae of Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 17 (1), 45–50.
Kamohara, T. (1938b) On the offshore bottom-fishes of Prov. Tosa, Shikoku, Japan. Maruzen Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 86 pp.
Kamohara, T. (1940) Scombroidei. Fauna Nipponica, 15-2(5) . Sanseido Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 225 pp.
Matsubara, K. & Iwai, T. (1952) Studies on some Japanese fishes of the family Gempylidae. Pacific Science, 6 (3), 193–212.
Motomura, H. & Ishikawa, S. (Eds.) (2013) Fish collection building and procedures manual. English edition. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima and the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, 70 pp.
Mundy, B.C. (2005) Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Zoology, 6, 1–703.
Nakamura, I. (1984) Family Gempylidae. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, Y. (Eds.), The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 226–227.
Nakamura, I. & Parin, N.V. (1993) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes, scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fishery Synopsis 125, pp. 1–136.
Parin, N.V. & Kotlyar, A.N. (1991) On the discovery of Epinnula magistralis (Gempylidae) in the Indian Ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32 (3), 137–139.
Parin, N.V. & Nakamura, I. (2003) Gempylidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes and American Society of Ichthyologist and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. FAO, Rome, pp. 1812–1824.
Poey, F. (1854) Nuevo genero de peces Escombrideos, Epinnula magistralis Poey. In: Poey, F. (Ed.), Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, acompañadas de sumarios Latinos y extractos en Francés. Volume 1. La Habana, Cuba, 441 pp.
Stewart, A.L. (2015) Family Gempylidae. In: Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. (Eds.), The Fishes of New Zealand. Volume Four. Te Papa Press, New Zealand, pp. 1602–1615.