Abstract
In 1958 Deichmann synonymized Holothuria inornata Semper, 1868 with Holothuria kefersteinii (Selenka, 1867). This nomenclature has been adopted until now. However, some specimens recently collected from the Mexican Pacific matched the original description of H. inornata Semper (1868) whereas others matched the original description by Selenka (1867). A morphological, molecular and ecological study of the specimens was conducted to confirm the identification of these specimens. The morphological characters of our specimens were compared with those contained in the original descriptions and figures of the types of both species. Besides the different color pattern of live specimens of both species, the main differences found are the presence of straight distally perforated rods in the dorsal papillae, and the presence of Holothuriophilus trapeziformis Nauck, 1880 in the cloaca of H. inornata, versus the absence of these kind of rods in the dorsal papillae, and the absence of symbionts in the cloaca in H. kefersteinii. The species identified by Deichmann (1958) as H. kefersteinii is, in fact H. inornata. Both species might have been confused because the morphology of preserved specimens is very similar and the presence of the straight rods in papillae might have been overlooked during identification. A more thorough review of the ossicles from the specimens, together with the comparison of ossicles from the type specimens, has allowed the resurrection of long-forgotten species, H. inornata
References
Brusca, R.C. & Thomson, D.A. (1975) Pulmo Reef: the only “coral reef” in the Gulf of California. Ciencias Marinas, 1, 37–53.
https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v2i2.290Boone, L. (1933) Scientific results of the cruises of the yachts “Eagle” and “Alva”, 1921–1928, William K. Vanderbit, Commanding. Coelenterata, Echinodermata and Mollusca. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Huntington, 4, 1–217.
Campos, E., Peláez-Zárate, V.A. & Solís-Marín, F.A. (2012) Rediscovery, hosts and systematics of Holothuriophilus trapeziformis Nauck, 1880 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa, 3528, 57–62.
Caso, M.E. (1958) Contribución al conocimiento de los holoturoideos de México. III. Algunas especies de Holoturoideos litorales de la costa pacífica de México. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 28, 309–338.
Caso, M.E. (1961) Los Equinodermos de México. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 338 pp.
Caso, M.E. (1962) Estudios sobre equinodermos de México. Contribución al conocimiento de los equinodermos de la islas Revillagigedo. Anales del Instituto de Biología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 33, 293–330.
Caso, M.E. (1963) Contribución al conocimiento de los Holoturoideos de México. Descripción de una n. sp. de Holothuria de un nuevo subgénero (Paraholothuria n. sg.) del género Holothuria. Holothuria (Paraholothuria) y de una nueva especie Holothuria (Paraholothuria) riojai. Anales Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 33, 367–380.
Caso, M.E. (1965) Estudio sobre Equinodermos de México. Contribución al conocimiento de los Holoturoideos de Zihuatanejo y de la Isla de Ixtapa (primera parte). Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 36, 253–291.
Caso, M.E. (1979) Los Equinodermos de la Bahía de Mazatlán, Sinaloa. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 6, 197–368.
Chomczynski, P., Mackey, K., Drews, R. & Wilfinger, W. (1997) DNAzol: a reagent for the rapid isolation of genomic DNA. BioTechniques, 22, 550–553.
Cintra-Buenrostro, C.E., Reyes-Bonilla, H. & Arizpe-Covarrubias, O. (1998) Los equinodermos (Echinodermata) del arrecife de Cabo Pulmo, Pacífico de México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 46, 341–344.
Clark, H.L. (1922) The Holothurians of the Genus Stichopus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 65, 39–73.
Deichmann, E. (1938) Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the western coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from Galápagos Islands. Zoologica, 23, 361–387.
Deichmann, E. (1958) The Holothuroidea collected by the Velero III and IV during the years 1932 to 1954. Part. II Aspidochirota. The University of Southern California Publications, Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 11, 253–348.
Fisher, W.K. (1907) The Holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32, 637–744.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.32-1555.637Hickman, C.P. (1998) A field guide to sea stars and other echinoderms of Galápagos. Galapagos Marine Life Series. Sugar Spring Press, Lexington, Virginia, 83 pp.
Honey-Escandón, M., Solís-Marín, F.A. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Pacífico Mexicano. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 57–73.
Honey-Escandón, M., Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Solís-Marín, F.A. (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the subgenus Holothuria (Selenkothuria) Deichmann, 1958 (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 165, 109–120.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00794.xLampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen-Holothurioidea: Eine systematische Monographie mit Bestimmungs- und Verbreitungs-Tabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Reisen mi Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter teil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate, Willhelm Engelmann, Wiesbaden, 311 pp.
Linnaeus, C.V. (1767) Systema naturae per Regna tria Naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, svnonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 292 pp.
Ludwig, H. (1889–1892) Dr. H.G. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Their-Reichs, wissenschaflitch dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Zweiter Band. Dritte Abtheilung. Echinodermen (Stachelhäuter). I. Buch. Die Seewalzen, C. F. Winter Publishing House, Leipzig, 460 pp.
Maluf, L.Y. (1988) Composition and Distribution of the Central Eastern Pacific Echinoderms. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Technical Reports, 2, 1–242.
Maluf, L.Y. (1991) Echinoderm fauna of the Galapagos Islands. In: James, M.J. (Ed.), Galápagos Marine Invertebrates. Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Evolution in Darwin´s Islands. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 345–367.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0646-5_17Nauck, E. (1880) Das Kaugerüst der Brachyuren. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 30, 1–69.
Palumbi, S., Martin, A., Romano, S., McMillan, W.O., Stice, L. & Grabowski, G. (1991) The simple fool’s guide to PCR. Version 2.0. Department of Zoology and Kewalo Marine Laobratory, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, 22 pp.
Panning, A. (1929) Die Gattung Holothuria. (1. Teil). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 91–138.
Panning, A. (1934a) Die Gattung Holothuria. (2. Teil). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 45, 24–50.
Panning, A. (1934b) Die Gattung Holothuria. (3. Teil). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 45, 65–84.
Panning, A. (1935a) Die Gattung Holothuria. (4. Teil). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 45, 85–107.
Panning, A. (1935b) Die Gattung Holothuria. (5. Teil). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 46, 1–18.
Panning, A. (1944) Die Trepangfischerei. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 49, 1–76.
Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: Phylogenetic Model Averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25, 1253–1256.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083Prieto-Ríos, E., Solís-Marín, F.A., Borrero-Pérez, G.H. & Díaz-Jaimes, P. (2014) Filogeografía de Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata Semper, 1868 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Revista Peruana de Biología, 21, 155–162.
https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v21i2.9818Purcell, S.W., Samyn, Y. & Conand, C. (2012) Commercially important sea cucumbers of the World. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purpuses. No. 6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 223 pp.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–1574.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180Rowe, F.W.E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 18, 119–170.
Samyn, Y. (2003) Shallow-water regular echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from Kenya. African Zoology, 38, 193–212.
Selenka, E. (1867) Beiträge zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 291–374.
Semper, C. (1868) Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Erster Band, Holothurien. Willhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 288 pp.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Herrero-Pérezrul, M.D., Arizpe-Covarrubias, O. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (1997) Sistemática y distribución de los equinodermos de la Bahía de La Paz. Ciencias Marinas, 23, 249–263.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Durán-González, A., Gust-Ahearn, C., Buitrón-Sánchez, B.E. & Torres-Vega, J. (2005) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Golfo de California, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 123–137.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Arriaga-Ochoa, J.A., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Frontana-Uribe, C.S. & Durán-González, A. (2009) Holoturoideos del Golfo de California. CONABIO-UNAM, Distrito Federal, México, 165 pp.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Honey-Escandón, M.B.I., Durán-González, A., Herrero-Perezrul, M.D., Benítez-Villalobos, F., Díaz-Martínez, J.P., Buitrón-Sánchez, B.E. & Palleiro-Nayar, J.S. (2013) The Echinoderms of Mexico: Biodiversity, Distribution and Current State of Knowledge. In: Alvarado, J.J. & Solís-Marín, F.A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 11–65.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9_2Solís-Marín, F.A., Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Honey-Escandón, M. (2014) Biodiversidad de equinodermos (Echinodermata) en México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 85 (Supplement), S441–S449.
https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.31805Steinbeck, J. & Ricketts, E. (1941) Sea of Cortez. A Leisurely journal of Travel and Research. The Viking Press, New York, 598 pp.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) Mega6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197Van der Heiden, A.M. & Hendrickx, M. (1981) Inventario de la Fauna Marina y Costera del Sur de Sinaloa, México. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Estación Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 135 pp.
Verrill, A.E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. No. 2. Notes on the echinoderms of Panama and west coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Art and Sciences, 1, 251–322.
Verrill, A.E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. No. 3. On the Geographical distribution of the Echinoderms of the west Coast of America Comparison of the tropical Echinoderm Fauna of the East and west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Art and Sciences, 1, 323–351.