Abstract
A new species of Physalaemus from Misiones province, Argentina, in the Atlantic forest domain is described. The new species is a member of the P. gracilis group, based on its phylogenetic position and the occurrence of a putative morphological synapomorphy (occurrence of an unpigmented median stripe on throat, chest, and/or abdomen). Physalaemus sp. nov. is characterized by a long advertisement call composed of non-pulsed notes with slightly descendant modulation, large size (mean SVL = 32.0 mm males, 34.0 mm females), slender body aspect, head longer than wide, supratympanic fold developed, an unpigmented median stripe on venter, medium sized inguinal glands, tarsal tubercle present, and supernumerary tubercles on hands and feet, which are character states that combined distinguish the new species from all the members of the genus. In this study, we provide its formal description based on external morphology, advertisement call, and 16S genetic distance. In addition, the distribution ranges for the new species and P. gracilis are revisited, the advertisement call of P. gracilis is redescribed, and a discussion about the available names which could be applicable to the new species is provided.
References
Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (1997) Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Serie Fauna, 1, 1–128.
Barrio, A. (1965) El género Physalaemus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en la Argentina. Physis, 25, 421–444.
Berg, C. (1896) Batracios Argentinos, Enumeración sistemática, sinonímica y bibliográfica de los batracios de la República Argentina. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 5, 147–226.
Bokermann, W.C.A. (1967) Tres novas espécies de Physalaemus do sudeste brasileiro (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 27, 135–143.
Boulenger, G.A. (1883) Notes on little-known species of frogs. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 16–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938309459087Boulenger, G.A. (1887) Descriptions of new or little-known South-American frogs of the genera Paludicola and Hyla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 20, 295–300.
Braun, P.C. & Braun, C.A.S. (1977) Nova espécie de Physalaemus do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 37, 867–871.
Braun, P.C. & Braun, C.A.S. (1980) Lista prévia dos anfíbios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 56, 121–146.
Cei, J.M. (1956) Nueva lista sistemática de los Batracios de Argentina y breves notas sobre su biología y ecología. Investigaciones Zoológicas Chilenas, 3, 35–77.
Cei, J.M. (1980) Amphibians of Argentina. Monitore Zoologico Italiano (NS) Monografia, 2, 1–609.
Cei, J.M. (1987) Additional Notes to “Amphibians of Argentina”: an update, 1980–1986. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 21, 209–272.
Cei, J.M. & Roig, V.G. (1961) Batracios recolectados por la Expedición Biológica Erspamer en corrientes y selva oriental de Misiones. Notas Biológicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Corrientes, Zoología, 1, 1–40.
Cochran, D.M. (1955 “1954”) Frogs of southeastern Brazil. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 206, 1–423.
Cocroft, R.B. & Ryan, M.J. (1995) Patterns of advertisement call evolution in toads and chorus frogs. Animal Behaviour, 49, 283–303.
https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1995.0043Contreras, A.C. (1982) Incorporación de Physalaemus gracilis (Boulenger, 1883) a la batracofauna de la provincia del Chaco, Argentina. Historia Natural, 2, 192.
Contreras, J.R. & Contreras, A.C. (1982). Características ecológicas y biogeográficas de la batracofauna del noroeste de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Ecosur, 9, 29–66.
Cope, E.D. (1885 “1884”) Twelfth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 22, 167–194.
Duellman, W.E. (1970) The hylid frogs of Middle America. Monograph. Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1–2, 1–753.
Duellman, W.E. (1993) Amphibian species of the world: additions and corrections. Special Publication. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 21, 1–372.
Freiberg, M.A. (1942) Enumeración sistemática y distribución geográfica de los batracios argentinos. Physis, 19, 219–240.
Frost, D.R. (1985) Amphibian species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematic Collections and Allen Press, Lawrence, KS, 732 pp.
Frost, D.R. (2017) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Electronic Database accessible. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html (accessed 30 September 2017)
Gallardo, J.M. (1961) Anfibios Anuros de Misiones con la descripción de una nueva especie de Crossodactylus. Neotropica, 7, 33–38.
Gallardo, J.M. (1966) Zoogeografía de los Anfibios chaqueños. Physis, 26, 67–81.
Gallardo, J.M. & Varela, E.A. (1992) Anfibios de la República Argentina: Ecología y comportamiento. Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. La Plata, 41, 1–116.
Giaretta, A.A., Martins, L.B. & Santos, M.P. (2009) Further notes on the taxonomy of four species of Physalaemus (Anura, Leiuperidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2266, 51–60.
Heyer, W.R., Rand, A.S., Cruz, C.A.G., Peixoto, O.L. & Nelson, C.E. (1990) Frogs of Boracéia. Arquivos de Zoologia, 31, 231–410.
Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Briefing in Bioinformatics, 9, 276–285.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn013Klappenbach, M.A. (1968) Notas herpetológicas, III. Identificación de las especies uruguayas descriptas por Philippi en el “Suplemento a los Batraquios chilenos”. Investigaciones Zoológicas Chilenas, 23, 147–151.
Klappenbach, M.A. & Langone, J.A. (1992) Lista Sistemática y Sinonímica de los Anfibios del Uruguay. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 8, 163–222.
Kwet, A. (2001) Frösche im brasilianischen Araukarienwald- Anurengemeinschaft des Araukarienwaldes von Rio Grande do Sul: Diversität, Reproduktion und Ressourcenaufteilung. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster, 192 pp.
Langone, J.A. (1989) Descripción de la larva de Physalaemus gracilis (Boulenger, 1883) (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 171, 1–11.
Langone, J.A. (1994) Ranas y sapos del Uruguay (reconocimientos y aspectos biológicos). Museo Damaso Antonio Larrañaga, Serie de Divulgación, 5, 1–123.
Lavilla, E.O. & Cei, J.M. (2001) Amphibians of Argentina, A Second Update, 1987–2000. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali. Torino, 28, 1–177.
Lavilla, E.O., Ponssa, M.L., Baldo, D., Basso, N., Bosso, A., Céspedez, J., Chébez, J.C., Faivovich, J., Ferrari, L., Lajmanovich, R., Langone, J.A., Peltzer, P., Ubeda, C., Vaira, M. & Vera Candioti, F. (2000) Categorización de los anfibios de Argentina. In: Lavilla, E.O, Richard, E. & Scrocchi, G.J. (Eds.), Categorización de los anfibios y reptiles de la República Argentina. Asociación Herpetológica Argentina, Tucumán, pp. 11–34.
Lourenço, L.B., Targueta, C.P., Baldo, D., Nascimento, J., Garcia, P.C.A., Andrade, G.V., Haddad, C.F.B. & Recco-Pimentel, S.M. (2015) Phylogeny of frogs from the genus Physalaemus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 92, 204–216.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.011Lynch, J.D. (1970) Systematic status of the american leptodactylid frog genera Engystomops, Eupemphix and Physalaemus. Copeia, 1970, 488–496.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1442276Milstead, W.W. (1960) Frogs of the genus Physalaemus in southern Brazil with the description of a new species. Copeia, 1960, 83–89.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1440198Miranda-Ribeiro, A. (1926) Notas para servirem ao estudo do gymnobatrachios (Anura) brasileiros. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 27, 1–227.
Morais, A.R. & Kwet, A. (2012) Description of the advertisement call of Physalaemus lisei (Anura: Leiuperidae). Salamandra, 48, 227–229.
Nascimento, L.B., Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. (2005) Taxonomic review of the species groups of the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 with revalidation of the genera Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 and Eupemphix Steindachner, 1863 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 63, 297–320.
Nieden, F. (1923) Anura I. Subordo Aglossa und Phanerglossa sectio 1 Arcifera. Das Tierreich, 46, 1–584.
Parker, H.W. (1927) A revision of the frogs of the genera Pseudopaludicola, Physalaemus, and Pleurodema. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 20, 450–478.
Philippi, R.A. (1902) Suplemento a los Batraquios Chilenos Descritos en la Historia Física i Política de Chile de don Claudio Gay. Libreria Alemana de Jose Ivens, Santiago de Chile, 161 pp.
Provete, D.B., Garey, M.V., Toledo, L.F., Nascimento, J., Lourenço, L.B., Rossa-Feres, D.C. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2012) Redescription of Physalaemus barrioi (Anura: Leiuperidae). Copeia, 2012, 507–518.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-10-142Ron, S.R., Coloma, L.A. & Cannatella, D.C. (2005) A new, cryptic species of Physalaemus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from western Ecuador with comments on the call structure of the P. pustulosus species group. Herpetologica, 61, 178–198.
https://doi.org/10.1655/04-38Ron, S.R., Coloma, L.A. & Cannatella, D.C. (2006) Phylogeny of the túngara frog genus Engystomops (=Physalaemus pustulosus species group; Anura: Leptodactylidae). Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 39, 392–403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.022Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Sinauer, USA.
Vaira, M., Akmentins, M., Attademo, M., Baldo, D., Barrasso, D., Barrionuevo, S., Basso, N., Blotto, B., Cairo, S., Cajade, R., Céspedez, J., Corbalán, V., Chilote, P., Duré, M., Falcione, C., Ferraro, D., Gutierrez, F.R., Ingaramo, M.del R., Junges, C., Lajmanovich, R., Lescano, J:N., Marangoni, F., Martinazzo, L., Marti, R., Moreno, L., Natale, G.S., Pérez Iglesias, J.M., Peltzer, P., Quiroga, L., Rosset, S., Sanabria, E., Sánchez, L., Schaefer, E., Úbeda, C. & Zaracho, V. (2012) Categorización del estado de conservación de los anfibios de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 26, 131–159.
Vanzolini, P.E. (1953) On the type locality of some Brazilian reptiles and amphibians collected by H H Smith and described by E D Cope. Revista Brasilera de Biologia, 13, 73–74.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1440148