Abstract
This revision of the cicadas of the genus Dilobopyga provides a diagnosis of the genus and descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps for 48 species. The following 33 species described here are new to science: D. angulata, angustata, bifida, curvispina, fasciata, hayashii, hollowayi, johani, knighti, langeraki, laterocurvata, latifascia, luwukensis, macrocerata, maleo, mamasa, mediolobata, nebulosa, operculata, palopoensis, pelengensis, platyacantha, quadrimaculata, rantemario, recurvata, rozendaali, sangihensis, sarasinorum, splendida, tambusisi, toraja, vantoli and watuwila. The key presented is designed for the identification of males of Dilobopyga to the species level. The subdivision of the genus in five species groups viz., opercularis group (17 species), nebulosa group (1 species), chlorogaster group (16 species), minahassae group (6 species) and watuwila group (8 species), is sustained by a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters of all species described.
The cicadas of the genus Dilobopyga are found in Sulawesi, neighbouring islands and southern Moluccas. Of the 48 species of Dilobopyga 43 species are endemic to Sulawesi. Most of these Sulawesi species are restricted to either one peninsula or to a part of Central Sulawesi. The remaining five species are endemic to either the Sangihe Islands, Banggai Islands or the southern Moluccas. A taxon-area cladogram for the species of Dilobopyga provides a basis for a discussion on the historic biogeography of the genus.
References
Amyot, C.J.B. & Serville, J.G.A. (1843) Hémiptères. Deuxième partie. Homoptères. Homoptera Latr. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hémiptères. Librairie encyclopedie de Roret, Paris, 675 pp.
Anonymous (1938) Atlas van Tropisch Nederland. Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap & Topografischen Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indie, Amsterdam/Batavia, 31 pp.
Anonymous (1999) The Times comprehensive Atlas of the World. Times Books, London, 220 pp.
Beuk, P.L. Th. (2002) On the systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the cicada subtribes Dundubiina and Cosmopsaltriina (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Chapter 4. In: Beuk, P.L.Th., Cicadas spreading by island or by spreading the wings? Historic biogeography of dundubiine cicadas of the Southeast Asian continent and archipelagos. Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, pp. 179–323.
Boer, A.J. de (1995) Islands and cicadas adrift in the West-Pacific, biogeographic patterns related to plate tectonics. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 138, 169–244.
Boer, A.J. de & Duffels, J.P. (1996a) Historical biogeography of the cicadas of Wallacea, New Guinea and the West Pacific: a geotectonic explanation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 124, 153–177.
Boer, A.J. de & Duffels, J.P. (1996b) Biogeography of Indo-Pacific cicadas east of Wallace’s Line. In: Keast, A. & Miller, S.E. (Eds.), The origin and evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guinea to eastern Polynesia: Patterns and processes. SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam, pp. 297–330.
Boisduval, J.A. (1835) Voyage de découvertes de l’Astrolabe exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M.J. Dumont d’Urville. In: Faune entomologique de l’océan pacifique avec l’illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage. Coléoptères et autres orders, 2, pp. i–vii, 1–716, pls. 1–12.
Boulard, M. (1991) Cigales colligées lors des ‘Voyages de découvertes’ conduits par J. Dumont d’Urville. Description de Poecilopsaltria durvillei, n. sp. (Hom. Cicadoidea, Cicadidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 96, 117–124.
Breddin, G. (1900) Hemiptera gesammelt von Professor Kükenthal im Malayischen Archipel. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 25, 139–202, pl. 9.
Breddin, G. (1901) Die Hemipteren von Celebes. Ein Beitrag zur Faunistik der Insel. Abhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 24, 1–213.
Dallas, W.S. (1867) Stridulantia, Homoptera. Rhynchota. Insecta. Zoological Record, 3, 556–558.
Distant, W.L. (1888a) Descriptions of new species of Oriental Homoptera belonging to the family Cicadidae. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 6, 1, 291–298.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938809460726Distant, W.L. (1888b) Descriptions of new species of eastern Cicadidae in the collection of the Museo Civico of Genoa. Annali del Museo Civico Storia naturale di Genova, Series 2, 6, 519–524.
Distant, W.L. (1890) A monograph of Oriental Cicadidae. Part 3. West, Newman & Co., London, 24 pp., pls. v–vi. [pp. 49–72]
Distant, W.L. (1891) A monograph of Oriental Cicadidae. Part 4. West, Newman & Co., London, 24 pp. [pp. 73–96, pls. vii–ix]
Distant, W.L. (1892) A monograph of Oriental Cicadidae. Part 7. West, Newman & Co., London, xiv + 14 pp., pl. xv. [pp. i–xiv, 145–158]
Distant, W.L. (1905) Rhynchotal notes. XXIX. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 15, 58–70.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03745480509443637Distant, W.L. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part 1. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp.
Distant, W.L. (1912) Homoptera, Fam. Cicadidae, Subfam. Cicadinae. Genera Insectorum, 142, 1–64, pls 1–7.
Dohrn, F.A. (1859) Homoptera. Catalogus Hemipterorum. Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Stettin, 102 pp.
Duffels, J.P. (1970) The synonymy of Diceropyga opercularis (Walker) and D. insularis (Walker) with a description of D. breddini n. sp. (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 30, 9–16.
Duffels, J.P. (1977) A revision of the genus Diceropyga Stål, 1870 (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Monografieën van de Nederlandse entomologische Vereniging, 8, 1–227.
Duffels, J.P. (1982) Brachylobopyga decorata n. gen. n. sp. from Sulawesi, a new taxon of the subtribe Cosmopsaltriaria (Homoptera, Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 42, 156–160.
Duffels, J.P. (1983a) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Cosmopsaltria, with remarks on the historic biogeography of the subtribe Cosmopsaltriaria (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 39, 1–127.
Duffels, J.P. (1983b) Distribution patterns of Oriental Cicadoidea (Homoptera) east of Wallace’s Line and plate tectonics. In: Thornton, I.W.B. (Ed.), Symposium on distribution and evolution of Pacific insects. Geojournal, 7 (6), pp. 479–498.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218521Duffels, J.P. (1985) Rhadinopyga n. gen. from the "Vogelkop"of New Guinea and adjacent islands, a new genus of the subtribe Cosmopsaltriaria (Homoptera, Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 55 (2), 275–279.
Duffels, J.P. (1986) Biogeography of Indopacific Cicadoidea, a tentative recognition of areas of endemism. Cladistics, 2 (4), 318–336.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00455.xDuffels, J.P. (1988a) The cicadas of Fiji Samoa and Tonga Islands, their taxonomy and biogeography (Homoptera, Cicadoidea) with a chapter on the geological history of the area by A. Ewart. Entomonograph, 10, 1–108.
Duffels, J.P. (1988b) Cosmopsaltria kaiensis n. sp., a new cicada from the Kai Islands, Indonesia (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 48, 187–190.
Duffels, J.P. (1988c) Cosmopsaltria halmaherae n. sp. endemic to Halmahera, Maluku, Indonesia (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 58, 20–24.
Duffels, J.P. (1988d) Biogeography of the cicadas of the island of Bacan, Maluku, Indonesia, with description of Diceropyga bacanensis n. sp. (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 131, 7–12.
Duffels, J.P. (1989) The Sulawesi genus Brachylobopyga (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 132, 123–127.
Duffels, J.P. (1990a) Biogeography of Sulawesi cicadas (Homoptera, Cicadoidea). In: Knight, W.J. & Holloway, J.D. (Eds.), Insects and the Rain Forest of South East Asia (Wallacea). Royal Entomological Society, London, pp. 63–72.
Duffels, J.P. (1990b) Dilobopyga janstocki n. sp., a new cicada endemic to Sulawesi (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 60, 323–326.
Duffels, J.P. (1993) The systematic position of Moana expansa (Homoptera, Cicadidae), with reference to sound organs and the higher classification of the superfamily Cicadoidea. Journal of natural History, 27, 1223–1237.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939300770731Duffels, J.P. (1997) Inflatopyga, a new cicada genus (Homoptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) endemic to the Solomon Islands. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 11 (4), 549–568.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IT96006Duffels, J.P. (1999) Dilobopyga remanei: a new species from Sulawesi (Indonesia) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae). Reichenbachia, 33 (9), 81–86.
Duffels, J.P. & Boer, A.J. de (1990) Areas of endemism and composite areas in East Malesia. In: Baas, P., Kalkman, C. & Geesink, R. (Eds.), The plant diversity of East Malesia: Proceedings of the Flora Malesiana symposium commemorating Professor Dr. C.G.G.J. van Steenis, Leiden, August 1989. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 249–272.
Duffels, J.P. & van der Laan, P.A. (1985) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha) 1956–1980. Series Entomologica, 34, xiv + 414 pp.
Duffels, J.P. & Turner, H. (2002) Cladistic analysis and biogeography of the cicadas of the Indo-Pacific subtribe Cosmopsaltriina. Systematic Entomology, 27, 235–261.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00177.xDuffels, J.P. & Zaidi, M.I. (2000) A revision of the cicada genus Orientopsaltria Kato (Homoptera, Cicadidae) from Southeast Asia. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 142, 195–297.
https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-99900029Falling Rain Software (2017) Global Gazetteer. Version 2.3. Available from: http://www.fallingrain.com (accessed 12 February 2018)
Gaedike, H. (1971) Katalog der in den Sammlungen des ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes aufbewahrten Typen. VI (Homoptera (exclusive Aphidina). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 21, 315–339.
Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S. & Nixon, K.C. (2008) TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24, 774–786.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.xHall, R. (1998) The plate tectonics of Cenozoic SE Asia and the distribution of land and sea. In: Hall, R. & Holloway, J.D. (Eds.), Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 99–124
Hall, R. (2013) The palaeogeography of Sundaland and Wallacea since the Late Jurassic. Journal of Limnology, 72, 1–17.
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e1Hayashi, M. (1975) On the species of the genus Meimuna Distant (Homoptera, Cicadidae) of the Ryukyus. Islands. 1. Synonymy and description of the species. Kontyû, 43 (3), 281–298.
Hayashi, M. & Saisho, Y. (2011) The Cicadidae of Japan. Seibundo-shinkosha Co., Tokyo, 223 pp.
Holloway, J.D. (1998) Geological signal and dispersal noise in two contrasting insect groups in the Indo-Australian tropics: R-mode analysis of pattern in Lepidoptera and cicadas. In: Hall, R. & Holloway, J.D. (Eds.), Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 291–314
Holloway, J.D. & Hall R. (1998) SE Asian geology and biogeography: an introduction. In: Hall, R. & Holloway, J.D. (Eds.), Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 1–23.
Kato, M. (1932) Monograph of Cicadidae. Sanseido, Tokyo, 450 pp.
Kirkaldy, G.W. (1900) Rhynchota miscellanea. Entomologist, 33, 296–297.
Kirkaldy, G.W. (1907) Some annotations to M. Distant's recent Catalogue of the Cicadidae. (Hem.). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 51, 303–309.
Lallemand, V. (1931) Hemiptera-Homoptera in Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse Léopold de Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 4 (1), 71–85.
Lee, Y.J. (2009a) Description of a new cicada in the genus Dilobopyga (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Florida Entomologist, 92, 87–90.
https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0114Lee, Y.J. (2009b) Taxonomic notes on the genus Haphsa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with descriptions of two new species. Florida Entomologist, 92, 330–337.
https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0218Lee, Y.J. (2010a) Cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of a new genus and a new species. Zootaxa, 2351, 14–28.
Lee, Y.J. (2010b) Checklist of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Luzon, Philippines, with six new species and revised keys to the species of Oncotympana Stål and Psithyristria Stål. Zootaxa, 2621, 1–26.
Lee, Y.J. (2016) Erections of Changa gen. nov. and Songga gen. nov. of Aolina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Dundubiini) with taxonomic notes and synonymization. Zootaxa, 4084 (4), 596–600.
https://doi.org/10.5252/z2014n1a5Lee, Y.J. & Emery, D. (2014) Description of a new genus and species of the tribe Dundubiini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) from India, with taxonomic notes on Dundubiini including the description of two new tribes. Zoosystema, 36, 73–80.
https://doi.org/10.5252/z2014n1a5Metcalf, Z.P. (1962) General catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. A bibliography of the Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha). North Carolina State College, Raleigh, vii + 229 pp.
Metcalf, Z.P. (1963a) General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section 1 Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh, vii + 585 pp.
Metcalf, Z.P. (1963b) General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section 2. Gaeaninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh, 334 pp. [pp. 586–919]
Michaux, B. (2010) Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism and natural biogeographic units. Biological Journal of the Linnnean Society, 101, 193–212.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01473.xMoss, S.J. & Wilson, M.E.J. (1998) Biogeographic implications of the Tertiary palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo. In: Hall, R. & Holloway, J.D. (Eds.), Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 133–163
Moulds, M.S. (2005) An appraisal of the higher classification of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with special reference to the Australian fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 57, 375–446.
https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1447Moulds, M.S. (2012) A review of the genera of Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea). Zootaxa, 3287, 1–262.
Moulton, J.C. (1923) Cicadas of Malaysia. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 11, 69–182.
Myers, J.G. 1928. Cicadidae. Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda, 2 (2), 55–65. [Trustees of the British Museum, London]
Sanborn, A.F. (2005) Rhadinopyga duffelsi, a new cicada species from New Guinea (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 148, 21–25.
https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000162Sanborn, A.F. (2013) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha). With contributions to the bibliography by Martin H. Villet, Elsevier Inc., San Diego, 1001 pp.
Sanborn, A.F. (2015) Four new species of cicadas from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 18, 283–290.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2015.03.001Sarasin, P. & Sarasin F. (1905) Reisen in Celebes ausgeführt in den Jahren 1893–1896 und 1902–1903. Band I. C.W. Kreidel’s Verlag, Wiesbaden, xviii + 381 pp.
Schmidt, E. (1926) Fauna Buruana. Homoptera. Treubia, 7, 217–258.
Singh-Pruthi, H. (1925) The morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 1925, 127–267, pls. 6–32.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1925.tb02861.xStål, C. (1866) Analecta Hemipterologica. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 10, 151–172.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18660100112Stål, C. (1870) Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska öarnes Hemipter-fauna. Öfversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 27, 607–776, pls. 7–9.
Stelbrink, B., Albrecht, C., Hall, R. & von Rintelen, T. (2012) The biogeography of Sulawesi revisited: Is there evidence for a vicariant origin of taxa on Wallace’s “anomalous island”? Evolution, 2012, 2252–2271.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01588.xWalker, F. (1850) List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees British Museum, London, 260 pp.
Walker, F. (1858) Supplement. List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees British Museum, London, 307 pp.
Walker, F. (1868) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected in the Indian Archipelago by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, London, Zoology, 10, 82–193.
Westwood, J.O. (1843) Description of some homopterous insects from the East Indies. Arcana entomologica or illustrations of new, rare and interesting insects, 2, 33–35, pl. 57.