Abstract
The history of studies on Australian caddisflies in the hydropsychid subfamily Diplectroninae is outlined against a broader background of uncertainties in the delineation of the worldwide type genus, Diplectrona Westwood. For the Australian fauna, keys are given to genera of Diplectroninae that occur in Australia and to adult males of species in Diplectrona (including a newly synonymised genus, Diemeniluma Neboiss), Austropsyche Banks, and Arcyphysa gen. nov. Of the 32 diplectronine species recognised, six are referred to each of Diplectrona and Austropsyche, among them one and four newly described species, respectively; and four established species are transferred from Diplectrona to Arcyphysa gen. nov., to join 16 newly described species. Diplectrona cognata Banks is synonymised with D. spinata Banks and Diplectrona bispinosa Jacquemart with Austropsyche victoriana Banks. Diagnoses and descriptions are accompanied by line drawings illustrating most of the diagnostic features of the genera and of most species, supplemented by photographic images. Australian species of Diplectrona are found from south-eastern Queensland to Tasmania, but neither Austropsyche nor Arcyphysa is known from Tasmania. Austropsyche extends from the Grampians in south-western Victoria to south-eastern Queensland, and the majority of species of Arcyphysa are recorded from north-eastern mainland Australia.
References
Banks, N. (1939) Trichoptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 85, 439–504.
Barnard, K.H. (1934) South African caddis-flies (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 21, 291–394.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00359193409518885Dean, J.C. (1999) Preliminary Keys for the Identification of Australian Trichoptera Larvae of the Family Hydropsychidae. No. 22. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide, Albury, 40 pp.
Dean, J.C., St. Clair, R.M. & Cartwright, D.I. (2004) Identification Keys to Australian Families and Genera of Caddis-fly Larvae (Trichoptera). No. 50. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide, Albury, 131 pp.
Djernæs, M. (2011) Structure and phylogenetic significance of the sternum V glands in Trichoptera. Zootaxa, 2884, 1–60.
Fischer, F.C.J. (1963a) Trichopterorum Catalogus, vol. IV: Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, 225 pp.
Fischer, F.C.J. (1963b) Diplectrona Westwood, 1839 (Insecta, Trichoptera): Proposed validation and designation of a type-species under the plenary powers. Z.N.(S.) 1580. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 20 (5), 373.
Fischer, F.C.J. (1972) Trichopterorum Catalogus, vol. XIII: Supplement to Vol. III and IV, Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, Xiphocentronidae, Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, 172 pp.
Flint, O.S. Jr. (2001) Diplectroninae of Sri Lanka (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 91–103.
Geraci, C.J., Kjer, K.M., Morse, J.C. & Blahnik, R.J. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of Hydropsychidae subfamilies based on morphology and DNA sequence data. In: Tanida, K. & Rossiter, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 131–136.
Griffin, F.J. (1932) On the dates of publication of the parts of Westwood (J.O.), Introduction to the modern classification of insects, 1838–1840. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A), 6 (3), 83–84.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1966) Opinion 758. Diplectrona Westwood, 1839 (Insecta, Trichoptera): Validation and designation of a type-species under the Plenary Powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 22, 288–289.
Jacquemart, S. (1965) Contribution à la connaissance de la fauna Trichopterologique de la Tasmanie et de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 41 (35), 1–47.
Malicky, H. (1998) Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) von Java und Sumatra, mit Revision einiger Ulmer—Typen aus dem Hamburger Museum. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 30, 795–814.
Malicky, H. (2002) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Arten der Gattung Diplectrona Westwood 1840 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) (gleichzeitig Arbeit Nr. 34 über thailändische Köcherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 34, 1201–1236.
McLachlan, R. (1866) Descriptions of new or little-known genera and species of exotic Trichoptera; with observations on certain species described by Mr. F. Walker. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 5 (3), 247–275.
McLachlan, R. (1878) A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna. Part 7. John van Voorst, London, pp. 349–428, pls. 38–44.
Mey, W. (1997) Revision of the type-species of Hydropsychinae and Diplectroninae described by Banks from the Philippines (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). In: Holzenthal, R.W. & Flint, O.S. Jr. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 303–308.
Morse, J.C. (Ed.) (2017) Trichoptera World Checklist. Available from: http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm (accessed 23 March 2017)
Mosely, M.E. (1951) Descriptions of new Sarawak Trichoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12, 480–490.
Mosely, M.E. & Kimmins, D.E. (1953) The Trichoptera (Caddis-flies) of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118696Neboiss, A. (1977) A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1–208, pls. 1–3.
https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1977.38.01Neboiss, A. (1979) A review of caddis flies from three coastal islands of south-eastern Queensland (Insecta: Trichoptera). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 29 (6) [“December 1978”], 825–843. [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Library stamp "25 JAN 1979"]
Neboiss, A. (1982) The caddis-flies (Trichoptera) of South-Western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 30, 271–325.
https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9820271Neboiss, A. (1986) Taxonomic changes in caddis-fly species from the South-West Pacific-Australian Region with descriptions of new species (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 47, 213–223.
https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1986.47.08Neboiss, A. (1986) Atlas of Trichoptera of the SW Pacific—Australian Region. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 286 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4814-3Neboiss, A. (2003). New genera and species, and new records, of Tasmanian Trichoptera (Insecta). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 136 [“2002”], 43–82. [dated 2003 according to personal communication, M. Davies, editor (2003–present), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania]
Nimmo, A.P. (1987) The adult Arctopsychidae and Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) of Canada and adjacent United States. Quaestiones Entomologicae, 23, 1–189.
Ross, H.H. (1938) Descriptions of new North American Trichoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 40, 117–124.
Ross, H.H. (1941) Descriptions and records of North American Trichoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 67, 35–126.
Ross, H.H. (1970) Hydropsychid Genus A, Diplectrona (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 5, 229–231.
Schefter, P.W. (1996) Phylogenetic relationships among subfamily groups in the Hydropsychidae: Trichoptera with diagnoses of the Smicrideinae, new status, and the Hydropsychinae. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 154, 615–633.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1467812Schmid, F. (1980) Genera des Trichoptères du Canada et des États Adjacents, les Insectes et Arachnides du Canada. Partie 7. Agriculture Canada Publication. No. 1692. Centre d'Edition du Gouvernement du Canada, Approvisionnement et Services Canada, Ottawa, 296 pp.
Schmid, F. (1998) Genera of the Trichoptera of Canada and Adjoining or Adjacent United States, The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 7. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 319 pp.
Stephens, J.F. (1836) Illustrations of British Entomology; or, a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, Containing Their Generic and Specific Descriptions, with an Account of Their Metamorphoses, Times of Appearance, Localities, Food and Economy, as far as Practicable, with Coloured Figures (from Westwood) of the Rarer and More Interesting Species. 6 (1836–1837). Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp., pls. 28–34.
Stocks, I.C. (2011) Description of the female of Parapsyche cardis Ross (Hydropsychidae: Arctopsychinae) and a revised key to the genera of Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia) of the southeastern United states, using wing characters. Zootaxa, 2831, 23–38.
Ulmer, G. (1928) Über die Trichopterengattung Hydromanicus und Verwandte. Konowia, 7 (4), 314–318.
Ulmer, G. (1951) Köcherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Teil I. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 19 (Supplement), 1–528.
Weaver, J.S. (1985) A new species and new generic synonym of the Nearctic caddisfly genus Homoplectra (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Entomological News, 96 (2), 71–77.
Westwood, J.O. (1839)3 An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects, Founded on the Natural Habits and Corresponding Organisation of the Different Families and Synopsis of the Genera of British Insects. 2 (9–16) & sheets E–L except J [“1839–1840”]. A. Spottiswoode, London, xi + 587 pp. & 158 pp. [Published in parts (Griffin 1932)]
Wiggins, G.B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera). 2nd Edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp.