Abstract
Perlesta Banks, 1906 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) is a genus of small, summer-emergent stoneflies known primarily from the eastern Nearctic. Thirty-two species are currently recognized, including two from China and nymphs have been reported from Costa Rica. We report here on some cryptic diversity within a small group of Perlesta with dark wings and bodies. Perlesta armitagei sp. nov. is described from the adult male, adult female, and egg. Diagnostic characters are presented with light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs. Perlesta armitagei sp. nov. most closely resembles P. browni Stark, 1989 and P. cinctipes (Banks, 1905), two species distributed mainly within the Interior Highland Region. Perlesta armitagei sp. nov. is known currently within the Ohio River drainage from Indiana eastward to western Pennsylvania and southward into central Kentucky. Comparative light microscope and SEM images are also provided for P. adena Stark, 1989, P. browni, P. cinctipes, and P. xube Stark and Rhodes, 1997 in an effort to better define the morphological concepts of these dark colored species.
References
Banks, N. (1905) New genera and species of Perlidae. Psyche, 12, 55–57. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11809421 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Banks, N. (1906) Notes on the classification of the Perlidae. Canadian Entomologist, 38, 221–224.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent38221-7Claassen, P.W. (1924) New species of North American Capniidae (Plecoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 56, 43–48.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5643-2DeWalt, R.E. & Grubbs, S.A. (2011) Updates to the stonefly fauna of Illinois and Indiana. Illiesia, 7, 31–50. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia07-03.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
DeWalt, R.E, Stark, B.P. & Harris, M.A. (1998) Perlesta golconda (Plecoptera: Perlidae), a new stonefly species from Illinois. Entomological News, 109, 315–317. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2727698 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
DeWalt, R.E., Webb, D.W. & Kompare, T.N. (2001) The Perlesta placida (Hagen) complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in Illinois, new state records, distributions, and an identification key. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 207–216. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16279449 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
DeWalt, R.E., Maehr, M.D., Neu-Becker, U. & Stueber, G. (2018) Plecoptera Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. Available from: http://Plecoptera.SpeciesFile.org (accessed 15 March 2018)
DeWalt, R.E., Cao, Y., Tweddale, T., Grubbs, S.A., Hinz, L. & Pessino, M. (2012) Ohio USA stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera): species richness estimation, distribution of functional niche traits, drainage affiliations, and relationship to other state faunas. ZooKeys, 178, 1–26.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.2616DeWalt, R.E., Grubbs, S.A., Armitage, B.J., Baumann, R.W., Kirchner, R.F. & Bolton, M.J. (2016) Atlas of Ohio Aquatic Insects, Volume II, Plecoptera. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e10723.
https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10723Grubbs, S.A. (2004) Studies on Indiana stoneflies (Plecoptera), with an annotated and revised state checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106, 865–876. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30135436 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Grubbs, S.A. (2005) Perlesta shawnee (Plecoptera: Perlidae), a new stonefly species from eastern North America. Aquatic Insects, 27, 63–69.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420400010485Grubbs, S.A. (2012) An amended redescription of the male of Perlesta etnieri (Plecoptera: Perlidae) plus new Perlesta state records. Illiesia, 8, 111–113. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia08-09.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Grubbs, S.A. (2018) An update on the stonefly fauna (Insecta, Plecoptera) of Maryland, including new and emended state records and an updated state checklist. Illiesia, 14, 65–80.
https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.04Grubbs, S.A. & DeWalt, R.E. (2011) Perlesta ouabache, a new species of stonefly (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Indiana, USA. Aquatic Insects, 33, 75–80.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2010.507550Grubbs, S.A. & DeWalt, R.E. (2012) Perlesta ephelida, a new Nearctic stonefly species (Plecoptera: Perlidae). ZooKeys, 194, 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.194.2972Grubbs, S.A., Pessino, M. & DeWalt, R.E. (2012) Michigan Plecoptera (Stoneflies): distribution patterns and an updated species list. Illiesia, 8, 162–173. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia08-18.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Grubbs, S.A., Pessino, M. & DeWalt, R.E. (2013) Distribution patterns of Ohio stoneflies, with an emphasis on rare and uncommon species. Journal of Insect Science, 13, 72.
https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.7201Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P.E., & Springer, M. (2011) Description of the final instar nymphs of seven species from Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in Costa Rica, and first record for an additional genus in Central America. Zootaxa, 2965, 16–38.
Hilsenhoff, W.L. (1987) An improved biotic index of organic stream pollution. Great Lakes Entomologist, 20, 31–39. Avaliable from: https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1591&context=tgle (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kirchner, R.F. & Kondratieff, B.C. (1997) A new species of Nearctic Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Virginia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99, 290–293. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16212957 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C. & Baumann, R.W. (1999) Studies on stoneflies of North Dakota with the description of a new Perlesta species (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 101, 325–331. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16194650 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C. & Kirchner, R.F. (2002) Perlesta etnieri (Plecoptera: Perlidae), a new species of stonefly from Tennessee. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 51–55. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16173598 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C. & Kirchner, R.F. (2003) Two new species of Perlesta Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105, 933–939. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16212480 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C. & Myers, L.W. (2011) A new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from New York. Illiesia, 7, 197–201. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia07-21.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C., Zuellig, R.E. & Lenat, D. (2011) A new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from North Carolina with additional records from North Carolina and Virginia. Illiesia, 7, 297–301. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia07-27.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C., Zuellig, R.E., Kirchner, R.F. & Lenat, D. (2006) Three new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America and notes on new state records. Illiesia, 2, 31–38. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia02-05.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Kondratieff, B.C., Zuellig, R.E., Kirchner, R.F. & Lenat, D. (2008) Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 110, 668–673.
https://doi.org/10.4289/07-062.1Lenat, D.R. (1993) A biotic index for the southeastern United States: derivation and list of tolerance values, with criteria for assigning water-quality ranges. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 12, 279–290.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1467463Murányi, D & Li, W.H. (2016) On the identity of some Oriental Acroneuriinae taxa. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 47, 173–196. Available from: http://opuscula.elte.hu/PDF/Tomus47_2/Op_Oriental%20Acroneuriinae.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Poulton, B.P. & Stewart, K.W. (1991) Stoneflies of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains (Plecoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 13, 1–116.
https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38911829Ricker, W.E. & Ross, H.H. (1968) North American species of Taeniopteryx (Plecoptera, Insecta). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 25, 1423–1439.
https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-124Stark, B.P. (1989) Perlesta placida (Hagen), an eastern Nearctic species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 20, 263–286.
https://doi.org/10.1163/187631289X00339Stark, B.P. (2004) Perlidae (The Stones). In: Stark, B.P. & Armitage, B.J. (Eds.), The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of eastern North America. Vol. II. Chloroperlidae, Perlidae, and Perlodidae (Perlodinae). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey. New Series. Vol. 14. Ohio Biological Society, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 61–148.
Stark, B.P. (2007) Additional characters in Perlesta baumanni Stark (Plecoptera: Perlidae), with notes on other Ouachita Mountain species. Illiesia, 3, 43–45. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia03-05.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Stark, B.P. & Rhodes, H.A. (1997) Perlesta xube, a new stonefly species from Nebraska (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Entomological News, 108, 92–96. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16343581 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Stark, B.P, Stewart, K.W., Szczytko, S.W., Baumann, R.W. & Kondratieff, B.C. (2012) Scientific and common names of stoneflies of Nearctic stoneflies (Plecoptera), with corrections and additions to the list. Caddis Press, Miscellaneous Contributions, 1, 1–20
Tarter, D.C. & Nelson, C.H. (2006) A revised checklist of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of West Virginia (USA). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 429–442. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30253851 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Tarter, D.C., Chafee, D.L. & Grubbs, S.A. (2006) An updated checklist of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Kentucky. Entomological News, 117, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[1:RCOTSP]2.0.CO;2Tarter, D.C., Chafee, D.L., Grubbs, S.A. & DeWalt, R.E. (2015) New state records of Kentucky (USA) stoneflies (Plecoptera). Illiesia, 11, 167–174. Avaliable from: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia11-13.pdf (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)
Walsh, B.D. (1862) List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois in the cabinet of the writer, with descriptions of over forty new species, and notes on their structural affinities. Proceedings of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 13, 361–402. Avaliable from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1951833 (Accessed 28 Jun. 2018)