Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2018-11-05
Page range: 107–125
Abstract views: 79
PDF downloaded: 3

First record of Polycystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) from Cuba, with the description of a new genus and five new species, and remarks and the description of one new species from Panama

Universidad de Oriente, Biology & Geography Department, Ave. Patricio Lumumba s/n, CP 90500, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Universidad de Oriente, Biology & Geography Department, Ave. Patricio Lumumba s/n, CP 90500, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Platyhelminthes Eukalyptorhynchia flatworms Caribbean Sea microturbellaria taxonomy

Abstract

The first records of Polycystididae from Cuba are provided and discussed. In total nine species have been collected, five of which are new to science, one representing a new genus. Polycydora intermedia gen. n. sp. n. shows intermediate features between Polycystis Kölliker, 1845 and Paulodora Marcus, 1948. The ovaries are kidney shaped, with the oocytes arranged in a row, and lack the hard “nozzles” of Paulodora. A female bursa as in Polycystis is present. In P. intermedia gen. n. sp. n. lacks the strong muscle bulb at the male bursa and the accessory glands type I in the male atrium, which are present in Polycystis. The male atrial organs include a prostate stylet type II connected to a free prostate vesicle type II. The four new species (Phonorhynchoides minor sp. n., Phonorhynchopsis capillaris sp. n., Phonorhynchopsis sublinguatus sp. n., Myobulla armenterosi sp. n.) are distinguished from their congeners by the specific shape and length of the male hard copulatory structures. Phonorhynchoides minor sp. n. has the smallest stylets within the genus, and these stylets are more straight than those of the other species of the genus. In Phonorhynchopsis capillaris sp. n. the prostate stylet type IV is only 20% of the length of the accessory stylet type IV, the lowest relative length within the genus. The accessory stylet in this species is extremely thin; it is only 2 µm wide. Phonorhynchopsis sublinguatus sp. n. has a prostate stylet widened in the distal half, ending in a rounded tip, not twisted in the middle. Because of its strong resemblance to M. armenterosi sp. n., M. berti sp. n., a new species of Myobulla Artois & Schockaert, 2000 collected at the Atlantic coast of Panama is described here too. Both species of Myobulla have a prostate stylet type III that shows a 90° turn at some point, as is the case in some other species of Myobulla. In M. berti sp. n. the stylet is smaller overall and is bent in the middle; in M. armenterosi sp. n. the stylet is larger and it is bent more distally. All of the four known species have a very wide geographical distribution: Phonorhynchopsis haegheni, Alcha evelinae, Paraustrorhynchus elixus, and Gyratrix hermaphroditus.

 

References

  1. Artois, T.J. & Schockaert, E.R. (1999) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Porrocystidinae (Plathelminthes, Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 12, 309–324.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1999.10539397

    Artois, T.J. & Schockaert, E.R. (2000) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Typhlopolycystidinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 13, 141–158.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2000.10531128

    Artois, T.J. & Schockaert, E.R. (2001) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Duplacrorhynchinae, Macrorhynchinae, Polycystidinae, Gyratricinae (Plathelminthes, Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 63–85.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531143

    Artois, T.J. & Schockaert, E.R. (2003) Primary homology assessment in the male atrial system of the Polycystididae (Platyhelminthes: Eukalyptorhynchia). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 242 (2), 179–190.
    https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00095

    Artois, T.J. & Schockaert, E.R. (2005) Primary homology assessment of structures in the female atrial system among species of the Polycystididae (Rhabditophora, Eukalyptorhynchia). Invertebrate Biology, 124 (2), 109–118.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2005.00013.x

    Artois, T.J. & Tessens, B.S. (2008) Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve species. Zootaxa, 1849, 1–27.

    Beklemischev, B. (1927) Über die Turbellarienfauna der Bucht von Odessa und der in dieselbe mündenden Quellen. Bulletin de l'Institut des recherches biologiques et de la station biologique a l'université de Perm, 5 (5), 177–207.

    Claus, C. (1887) Lehrbuch der Zoologie. 4. Auflage. N.G. Elwertsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Marburg, Leipzig, 1279 pp.

    Costello, M.J., Coll, M., Danovaro, R., Halpin, P., Ojaveer, H. & Miloslavich, P. (2010) A Census of Marine Biodiversity Knowledge, Resources, and Future Challenges. PLoS ONE, 5 (8), e12110.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012110

    Curini-Galletti, M.C. & Puccinelli, I. (1990) The Gyratrix hermaphroditus Species Complex (Plathelminthes: Kalyptorhynchia) in the Darwin Area (Northern Territory, Australia). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 109 (4), 368–379.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3226691

    Curini-Galletti, M.C. & Puccinelli, I. (1994) The Gyratrix hermaphroditus species-complex (Platyhelminthes kalyptorhynchia) in marine tropical areas: first data from the Caribbean. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 124 (2), 157–166.

    Curini-Galletti, M.C. & Puccinelli, I. (1998) The Gyratrix hermaphroditus species complex (Kalyptorhynchia: Polystididae) in marine habitats of eastern Australia. Hydrobiologia, 383, 287–298.
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003456102035

    Diez, Y.L., Reygel, P. & Artois, T. (2018) Parapharyngiella caribbaea n. sp., a new species of Trigonostomidae (Rhabdocoela; Platyhelminthes) from Cuba, with a taxonomical reassessment of the genus. Tropical Zoology, 31 (1), 34–43.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2017.1395258

    Ehlers, U. (1985) Das phylogenetische System der Plathelminthes. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 317 pp.

    Ehrenberg, C.G. (1831) Animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis recensuit C.G. Ehrenberg. Series prima cum Tabularum decade prima. In: Hemprich, F.G. & Ehrenberg, C.G. (Eds.), Symbolae Physicae 2. Phytozoa Turbellaria. Officina Academica, Berolina, pp. 1–15.

    Evdonin, L.A. (1970) A new genus of Turbellarians from the family Polycystididae. Zoological Journal, 49 (5), 781–784.

    Evdonin, L.A. (1977) Proboscis Turbellaria Kalyptorhynchus of the USSR fauna and adjacent areas (in Russian). Fauna of the USSR, 115, 1–400.

    Graff, L. von (1905) Marine Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 83, 68–148.

    Jouk, P.E.H. & De Vocht, A.J.-P. (1989) Kalyptorhynchia (Plathelminthes Rhabdocoela) from the Kenyan coast, with descriptions of four new species. Tropical Zoology, 2, 145–157.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1989.10539435

    Karling, T.G. (1952) Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria). Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903, 4 (9), 1–50.

    Karling, T.G. (1955) Studien über Kalyptorhynchien (Turbellaria) 5. Der Verwandtschaftskreis von Gyratrix Ehrenberg. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 88, 1–39.

    Karling, T.G. (1956) Morphologisch-histologische Untersuchungen an den männlichen Atrialorganen der Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria). Arkiv för Zoologi, 9 (7), 187–279.

    Karling, T.G. (1964) Uber einige neue und ungenügend bekannte Turbellaria Eukalyptorhynchia. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 172, 159–183.

    Karling, T.G. & Schockaert, E.R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5–19.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1977.tb00755.x

    Kölliker, A. (1845) Lineola, Chloriane, Polycystis, neue Wurmgattungen und neue Arten von Nemertes. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 29, 86–99.

    L’Hardy, J.P. (1986) Karyology of marine populations of Gyratrix hermaphroditus Laumer, C.E., Hejnol, A. & Giribet, G. (2015) Nuclear genomic signals of the ‘microturbellarian’ roots of platyhelminth evolutionary innovation. eLife, 4, e05503.
    https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05503

    Marcus, E. (1949) Turbellaria Brazileiros (7). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de S. Paulo, 14, 7–155.

    Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brasileiros (11). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia Secretaria da Agricultura Sao Paulo, 11, 419–489.

    Meixner, J. (1925) Beitrag zur Morphologie und zum System der Turbellaria-Rhabdocoela: 1. Die Kalyptorhynchia. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 3, 255–343.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408146

    Meixner, J. (1928) Aberrante Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) aus dem Sande der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 77, 229–253.

    Miloslavich, M., Díaz, J.M., Klein, E., Alvarado, J.J., Díaz, C., Gobin, J., Escobar-Briones, E., Cruz-Motta, J.J., Weil, E., Cortés, J., Bastidas, A.C., Robertson, R., Zapata, F., Martín, A., Castillo, J., Kazandjian, A. & Ortiz, M. (2010) Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. Plos ONE, 5 (8), e11916.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011916

    Reisinger, E. (1926) Zur Turbellarienfauna der Antarktis. Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition Zoologie, 18 (10), 417–463.

    Rivera-Monroy, V.H., Twilley, R.R., Bone, D., Childers, D.L., Coronado-Molina, R.C., Feller, I.C., Herrera-Silveira, J., Jaffe, R., Mancera, E., Rejmankova, E., Salisbury, J.E. & Weil, E. (2004) A conceptual framework to develop long-term ecological research and management objectives in the wider Caribbean region. Bioscience, 54, 843–856.
    https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0843:ACFTDL]2.0.CO;2

    Schockaert, E.R. (1982) Turbellaria from Somalia 2. Kalyptorhynchia. Part 2. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 18 (2), 81–96.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1982.10736660

    Schockaert, E.R. (1996) Turbellarians. In: Hall, G.S. (Ed.), Methods for the Examination of Organismal Diversity in Soils and Sediments. CAB International Wallingford, pp. 211–225.

    Schockaert, E.R., Hooge, M., Sluys, R., Schilling, S., Tyler, S. & Artois, T. (2008) Global diversity of free living flatworms (Platyhelminthes, "Turbellaria") in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 41–48.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9002-8

    Schockaert, E.R. & Karling, T.G. (1970) Three new anatomically remarkable Turbellaria Eukalyptorhynchia from the north American Pacific coast. Arkiv för Zoologi, Serie 2, 23 (2), 237–253.

    Sekera, E. (1901) Über eine marine Art der Gattung Gyrator Ehrb. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 24, 79–81.

    Tessens, B., Janssen, T. & Artois, T. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of Kalyptorhynchia (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes) inferred from ribosomal sequence data. Zoologica Scripta, 43 (5), 519–530.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12066

    Willems, W.R., Schockaert, E.R. & Artois, T.J. (2006) Report on the Polycystididae (Rhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia) from Australia, with the description of twelve new species and six new genera. Hydrobiologia, 563, 329–355.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0041-3

    Willems, W.R., Reygel, P., Van Steenkiste, N., Tessens, B. & Artois, T.J. (2017) Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), with the description of six new species. Zootaxa, 4242 (3), 441–466.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.2