Abstract
Subfamily Eneopterinae has been studied for its diversified acoustic modalities and disjunct distribution. The genus Xenogryllus Bolívar, 1890 is one of the oldest genera of the subfamily, and the first genus of the tribe Xenogryllini. Xenogryllus is known for its low-frequency calling songs and wide distribution across Africa and Asia. It is known from six species and has never been subject to formal taxonomic revision and description of acoustic features of their calling songs is lacking. Therefore, this study consists of a detailed taxonomic revision of all the species. We redescribe or append their taxonomic features using external morphological features and internal genitalic structures. We update the list of Xenogryllus by describing three new spe
References
Anso, J., Barrabe, L., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Jourdan, H., Grandcolas, P., Dong, J. & Robillard, T. (2016) Pixibinthus, a new cricket genus endemic in New Caledonia: phylogenetic study of a potential relict lineage from maquis minier vegetation. PLoS ONE, 11, e0150920.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150920
Audacity Team (2016) Audacity(R): Free Audio Editor and Recorder [Computer application]. Version 2.0.0. Available from: https://audacityteam.org/ (accessed 12 January 2016)
Bhowmik, H.K. (1976) On the gryllid fauna (Gryllidae: Orthoptera) of the districts of the North Bengal, with description of three new species. Indian Museum Bulletin, 11, 42–48.
Bhowmik, H.K. (1977) Studies on Indian Crickets (Orthoptera: Insecta) with Descriptions of Two New Species. Records of Zoological Survey of India, 73, 368–382.
Bhowmik, H.K. (1985) Contribution to the gryllid fauna of the Western Himalayas (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 73, 1–74.
Bolivar, I. (1890) Ortópteros de Africa del Museo de Lisboa. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Series 2, 73–232.
Bolívar, I. (1900[1899]) Les Orthoptères de St-Joseph's College à Trichinopoly (Sud de l'Inde). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 68, 761–812.
Bolivar, I. (1910) Fauna de la Guinea Espanola. Memorias de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, Tomo 1, 525–544.
Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1893) Révision du système des Orthoptères et description des espèces rapportées par M. Leonardo Fea de Birmanie. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 2, 13, 5–230.
Chintauan-Marquier, I.C., Legendre, F., Hugel, S., Robillard, T., Grandcolas, P., Nel, A., Zuccon, D. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2016) Laying the foundations of evolutionary and systematic studies in crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera): a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 32, 54–81.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12114
Chopard, L. (1928) Revision of the Indian Gryllidae. Records of Indian Museum, 30, 1–36.
Chopard, L. (1954) La Réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt. Nimba, III. Orthoptères Ensifères, Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, 40, 25–97.
Chopard, L. (1968) Gryllides. Fam. Gryllidae: Subf. Mogoplistinae, Myrmecophilinae, Scleropterinae, Cachoplistinae Pteroplistinae, Pentacenturinae, Phalangopsinae, Trigonidinae, Eneopierinae; Fam.Oecanthidae, Gryllotalpidae. In: Beier, M. (Ed.), Orthopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 12. Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk N.V.’s, Gravenhage, pp. 213–500.
Chopard, L. (1969) The fauna of India and adjacent countries. Orthoptera. Vol. 2. Grylloidea. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 421 pp.
Cigliano, M.M., H. Braun, D.C. Eades & Otte, D. (2018) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. Available from : http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org (accessed 10 May 2018)
Desutter, L. (1987) Structure et évolution du complexe phallique des Gryllidea (Orthoptera) et classification des genres néotropicaux de Grylloidea. 1re partie. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Nouvelle Série, 23, 213–239.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2003) Phylogeny and the evolution of acoustic communication in extant Ensifera (Insecta, Orthoptera). Zoologica Scripta, 32, 525–561.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00142.x
Dong, J., Kergoat, G.J., Vicente, N., Rahmadi, C., Xu, S. & Robillard, T. (2018) Biogeographic patterns and diversification dynamics of the genus Cardiodactylus Saussure (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae) in Southeast Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 129 (2018) 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.001
Giglio-Tos, E. (1907) Ortotteri africani. Parte II, Blattodea, Mantodea, Phasmodea, Locustodea, Gryllodea. Bulletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata, della R. Universita di Torino, 22 (563), 1–26.
Gorochov, A.V. (1990) New and insufficiently studied crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from Vietnam and some other territories. In: Gorochov, A.V. (Ed.), News of systematics and faunistics of Vietnam insects. Part 1. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiia nauk SSSR (Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences), Leningrad, 209, pp. 3–28.
Gorochov, A.V. (1992) New and little known crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from Vietnam. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 245, 3–16.
Haan, D. (1844) Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen. Vol. 24. In commissie bij. S. en J. Luchtmans en C.C. van der Hoek, Leiden, 235 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.114730
Ichikawa, A. Murai, T. & Honda, E. (2000) Monograph of Japanese crickets (Orthoptera; Grylloidea). Bulletin of the Hoshizaki Green Foundation, 4, 257–332.
Ichikawa, M. & Honda, E. (2000) Bulletin of the Hoshizaki Green Foundation, 4, 276.
Jing, X., Zhang, T. & Ma, L. (2018) The cricket genus Xenogryllus (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from China with description of two newly recorded species. Entomotaxonomia, 40(4), 274-285.
https://doi.org/10.11680/entomotax.2018029
Karny, V.H. (1915) Orthoptera et Ootbecaria. Supplementa Entomologica, 4, 56–108.
Karsch, F. (1893) Verzeichniss der von Herrn Dr. Paul Preuss in Kamerun gesammelten Grillen. Entomologische Nachrichten, 19, 199–208.
Kevan, D.K. & Knipper, H. (1961) Geradflügler aus Ostafrika. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 11, 356–413.
Kirby, W. F. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 2. Orthoptera Saltatoria. Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae). The trustees of the British Museum, London, viii + 562 pp.
Nattier, R., Robillard, T., Desutter‐Grandcolas, L., Couloux, A. & Grandcolas, P. (2011) Older than New Caledonia emergence? A molecular phylogenetic study of the eneopterine crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 38, 2195–2209.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02563.x
Oki, S., Hayashi, I., Iwatsuki, N. & Morikawa, K. (2002) Study on sound generating mechanism of Xenogryllus marmoratus. Proceedings of Dynamics & Design Conference, 2002, 95.
Olivero, P. & Robillard, T. (2017) Same-sex sexual behavior in Xenogryllus marmoratus (Haan, 1844) (Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae): Observation in the wild from YouTube. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 26, 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14569Oshiro, Y. (1995) Studies on the Gryllidae from the Ryukyu Islands. Nakimushikai, Okinawa, 131 pp.
Ragge, D.R. (1955) The wing-venation of the Orthoptera Saltatoria, with notes on Dictyopteran wing-venation. British Museum (Natural History), London, 159 pp.
Ragge, D.R., Reynolds, W.J. & Natural History Museum (London, England) (1998). The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Harley Books, Colchester, 612 pp.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3503528
Robillard, T. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2004a) High-frequency calling in Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae): adaptive radiation revealed by phylogenetic analysis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83, 577–584.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00417.x
Robillard, T. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2004b) Phylogeny and the modalities of acoustic diversification in extant Eneopterinae (Insecta, Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae). Cladistics, 20, 271–293.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00025.x
Robillard, T. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2006) Phylogeny of the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae) based on four molecular loci and morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 643–661.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.019
Robillard, T. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of Pseudolebinthus, a new genus of Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae) from south-east Africa. Systematic Entomology, 31, 671–683.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00347.x
Robillard, T. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2008) Clarification of the taxonomy of extant crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 1789, 66–68.
Robillard, T. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2011) Evolution of calling songs as multicomponent signals in crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Eneopterinae). Behaviour, 148, 627–672.
Robillard, T., Grandcolas, P. & Desuter-Grandcolas, L. (2007) A shift toward harmonics for high-frequency spectra in Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 85, 1264–1275. https://doi.org/10.1139/z07-106
Robillard, T, Montealegre-Z, F., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Grandcolas, P. & Robert, D. (2013) Mechanisms of high-frequency song generation in brachypterous crickets and the role of ghost frequencies. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216, 2001–2011.
Saeed, A. & Yousuf, M. (1990) New record of family Eneopteridae (Grylloidea: Orthoptera) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 22, 309.
Saussure, H.D. (1878) Mélanges Orthoptérolgiques. Memoires de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 25, 1–836.
Schneider, E.S., Römer, H., Robillard, T. & Schmidt, A.K.D. (2017) Hearing with exceptionally thin tympana: Ear morphology and tympanal membrane vibrations in eneopterine crickets. Scientific Reports, 7, 15266.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15282-z
Storozhenko, S.Y. & Paik, J.C. (2007) Orthoptera of Korea. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 232 pp.
Storozhenko, S.Y., Kim, T.W. & Jeon, M.J. (2015) Monograph of Korean Orthoptera. National Institute of Biological Resources, Inchon, 145 pp.
Su, Y.N. (2016) A simple and quick method of displaying liquid-preserved morphological structures for microphotography. Zootaxa, 4208 (6), 592–593.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.6
ter Hofstede, H.M., Schoneich, S., Robillard, T. & Hedwig, B. (2015) Evolution of a communication system by sensory exploitation of startle behavior. Current Biology, 25, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.064
Vasanth, M. (1993) Studies on crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllidae) of northeast India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper, Calcutta, 132, 1–178.
Vicente, N., Kergoat, G.J., Dong, J., Yotoko, K., Legendre, F., Nattier, R. & Robillard, T. (2017) In and out of the Neotropics: historical biogeography of Eneopterinae crickets. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 2199–2210.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13026
Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supplement to the Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London, 224 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8149
Walker, B.L. (2010) Toxic Archipelago: a history of industrial disease in Japan. The University of Washington press, Seattle, 352 pp.
Yin, H. & Liu, X.W. (1995) Synopsis on the classification of Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea from China. Shanghai Science and Technology and Literature Press, Shanghai, 237 pp.