Abstract
A new species of Hemigrammus is described from the upper Rio Negro, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its unique color pattern consisting of a single humeral blotch clearly spaced from a conspicuous midlateral dark stripe, which extends from fifth or sixth anteriormost vertical scale row to the basis of the middle caudal-fin rays. Comments on its putative relationships are provided.
References
Benine, R.C., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. (2009) New species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Characidae) with comments on the Moenkhausia oligolepis species complex. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7 (2), 161–168.
Carvalho, T.P. & Bertaco, V.A. (2006) Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajós basin on Chapada dos Parecis, Central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3), 301–308.
Camelier, P., Dagosta, F.C.P. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2018) New remarkable sexually dimorphic miniature species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper Rio Tapajós basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 92, 1149–1162.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13579
Dagosta, F.C.P., Marinho, M.M.F., Camelier, P. & Lima, F.C.T. (2016) A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper Rio Juruena Basin, Central Brazil, with a redescription of H. cyanotaenia. Copeia, 104 (1), 250–259.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-15-243
Eigenmann, C.H. (1917) The American Characidae. Part I. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 43 (1), 1–102, 16 pls.
Eigenmann, C.H. (1918) The American Characidae. Part 2. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 43, 103–208, 22 pls.
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan, R. (2018) Catalog of fishes. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishca tmain.asp (accessed 14 November 2018)
Fink, W.L. & Weitzman S.H. (1974) The so–called Cheirodontin fishes of Central America with descriptions of two new species (Pisces: Characidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 172, 1–46.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.172
García-Alzate, C.A., Román-Valencia, C. & Taphorn, D.C. (2008a) Hyphessobrycon oritoensis (Characiformes:Characidae), a new species from the Putumayo River drainage, Colombian Amazon. Zootaxa, 1813, 42–50.
García-Alzate, C.A., Román-Valencia, C. & Taphorn, D.C. (2008b) Revision of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus-group (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae), with description of two new species from Venezuela. Vertebrate Zoology, 58 (2), 139–157.
García-Alzate, C.A., Román-Valencia, C. & Ortega, H. (2013) Hyphessobrycon taphorni y H. eschwartzae (Teleostei: Characidae) dos nuevas especies de peces de la cuenca del río Madre de Dios, Perú. Revista de Biología Tropical, 61 (2), 859–873.
Géry, J. (1977) Characoids of the World. TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey, 672 pp.
Lima, F.C.T. & Toledo-Piza, M. (2001) New Species of Moenkhausia (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Negro of Brazil. Copeia, 2001 (4), 1058–1063.
https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[1058:NSOMCC]2.0.CO;2
Lima, F.C.T., Britski, H.A. & Machado, F.A. (2007) A new Moenkhausia (Characiformes: Characidae) from central Brazil, with comments on the area relationship between the upper rio Tapajós and upper rio Paraguai systems. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 13 (2), 45–54.
Lima, F.C.T., Coutinho, D.P. & Wosiacki, W.B. (2014) A new Hyphessobrycon (Ostariophysi: Characiformes:Characidae) from the middle Amazon basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3872 (2), 167–179.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3872.2.3
Lima, F.C.T., Correa, V. & Ota, R.P. (2016) A new species of Hemigrammus Gill 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the western Amazon basin in Peru and Colombia. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 22 (3), 123–132.
Marinho, M.F., Dagosta, F.C.P. & Birindelli, J.L.O. (2014) Hemigrammus ataktos: a new species from the Rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2), 257–264.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130091
Menezes, N.A. & Weitzman, S.H. (1990) Two new species of Mimagoniates (Teleostei: Characidae: Glandulocaudinae), their phylogeny and biogeography and a key to the glandulocaudin fishes of Brazil and Paraguay. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103 (2), 380–426.
Mirande, J.M. (2018) Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei, Characiformes). Cladistics. [published online]
https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12345
Petrolli, M.G. & Benine, R.C. (2015) Description of three new species of Moenkhausia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with the definition of the Moenkhausia jamesi species complex. Zootaxa, 3986 (4), 401–420.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3986.4
Ohara, W.M., Lima, F.C.T. & Barros, B.S. (2017) Hyphessobrycon petricolus, a new species of tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4221 (2), 242–250.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4221.2.8
Sabaj, M.H. (2016) Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology: an online reference. Version 6.5 American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.asih.org/sites/default/files/documents/symbolic_codes_for_collections_v6.5_2016.pdf (accessed 16 August 2016)
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.C. (1985) Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage. Cybium, 9, 107–119.
Zarske, A. & Géry, J. (2004) Hyphessobrycon nigricinctus sp. n.—ein neuer Salmler (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) aus dem Stromgebiet des río Madre de Dios in Peru. Zoologische Abhandlungen, 54, 31–38.