Abstract
Lytta caraganae (Pallas, 1798) is widely distributed in northeast Asia. Its first instar larva hatched from eggs is described and illustrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An update key to the all Lytta species based on first instar larvae is presented.
References
Beauregard, H. (1890) Les insects vésicants. Félix Alcan, Paris, xvi + 544 pp., 34 pls.
Bologna, M.A. & Aloisi, G. (1992) Systematics of Lydomorphus Fairmaire, 1882, with description of the first instar larva of L. dusalti (Dufour, 1821) (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Tropical Zoology, 5, 55–71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1992.10539182
Bologna, M.A. & Di Giulio, A. (2003) Egg and first instar larval morphology of Prionotolytta binotata (Péringuey, 1888), an endemic southern African species (Coleoptera: Meloidae). African Entomology, 11, 213–219.
Bologna, M.A. & Di Giulio, A. (2008) Revision of the genus Trichomeloe Reitter, with the description of new species and first instar larvae (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Contributions to Zoology, 77, 227–248.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07704003
Bologna, M.A. & Nikitsky, N.B. (2010) A new enigmatic dimorphic Lytta from Crimea, Ukraine (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 19 (1), 70–76.
Bologna, M.A. & Pinto, J.D. (2001) Phylogenetic studies of Meloidae (Coleoptera), with emphasis on the evolution of phoresy. Systematic Entomology, 26, 33–72.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00132.x.
Bologna, M.A. & Pinto, J.D. (2002) The Old World genera of Meloidae (Coleoptera): a key and synopsis. Journal of Natural History, 36, 2013–2102.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110062318
Bologna, M.A. (1989) Berberomeloe, a new west Mediterranean genus of Lyttini for Meloe majalis Linné (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Systematics and bionomics. Bollettino di Zoologia, 55, 359–366.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11250008809386633
Bologna, M.A. (2003) Australytta, a new blister beetle genus from Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, New Series, 39, 139–152.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2003.10697369
Bologna, M.A. (2008) Family Meloidae Gyllenhal, 1810. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 5. Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 370–412.
Bologna, M.A., Aloisi, G. & Vigna Taglianti, A. (1990) Phoretic association of some African Cyaneolytta Péringuey, 1909 with carabids, and morphology of first instar larvae in Meloini (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Tropical Zoology, 3, 159–180.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1990.10539459
Bologna, M.A., Amore, V. & Pitzalis, M. (2018) Meloidae of Namibia (Coleoptera): taxonomy and faunistics with biogeographic and ecological notes. Zootaxa, 4373 (1), 1–141.
http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4373.1.1
Bologna, M.A., Fattorini, S. & Pinto, J.D. (2001) Review of the primitive blister beetle genus Iselma, with a description of the first instar larva (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Meloidae). African Entomology, 9, 105–129.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110911213.681
Bologna, M.A., Nikitsky, N.B. & Di Giulio, A. (2014) Additional information on the enigmatic Lytta zubovi (Coleoptera: Meloidae): description of the female and first instar larva with remarks on its phylogenetic relationships. Italian Journal of Zoology, 2014, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2014.986227
Bologna, M.A., Oliverio, M., Pitzalis, M. & Mariottini, P. (2008) Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 679–693.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.019
Bologna, M.A., Turco, F. & Pinto, J.D. (2010) Meloidae Gyllenhal, 1810. In: Leschen, R.A.B., Beutel, R.G. & Lawrence, J.F. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 2: Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York, pp. 681–693.
Cros, A. (1911) Lydus (Alosimus) viridissimus Lucas. Ses moeurs—sa larve primaire. La Feueille des jeunes Naturalistes, 41, 191–199.
Cros, A. (1912a) Lydus algiricus L. Ses moeurs—sa larve primaire. La Feuille des jeunes Naturalistes, 42, 78–86.
Cros, A. (1912b) Moeurs et evolution du Meloe majalis L. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord, 4, 45–48, 70–72, 93–96, 154–161, 181–190, 209–215.
Cros, A. (1917) Forme des ongles des larves primaires des Meloidae et valeur du terme ‘triungulin’. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 86, 159–164.
Cros, A. (1919) Notes sur les larves primaires des Meloidae avec indication de larves nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 88, 261–279.
Cros, A. (1922a) Notes sur les larves primaires des Meloidae avec indication de larves nouvelles (2e série). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 97, 27–58.
Cros, A. (1922b) Oenas afra L. ses moeurs, sa larve primaire. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord, 13, 226–236.
Cros, A. (1928a) Essai sur la forme contractée (hypnothèque ou pseudonymphe) des larves des Meloidae. Annales de la Entomologique de France, 17, 27–58.
Cros, A. (1928b) Cabalia rufiventris Walker. Etude biologique. Encyclopédie entomologique, Coleoptera (B), 3, 39–48.
Cros, A. (1928c) Etudes biologiques sur diverses espèces algériennes du genre Lydus Latr. Encyclopédie entomologique, Coleoptera (B), 3, 49–92, 5 pls.
Cros, A. (1929) Notes sur les larves primaires des Meloidae avec indication de larves nouvelles (3e série). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 98, 193–222.
Cros, A. (1934a) Lagorina sericea Waltl. sa larve primaire. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences naturelles du Maroc, 14, 35–44, 4 pls.
Cros, A. (1934b) Le Meloe chrysocomus Miller; sa larve primaire. Bulletin de la Royale Entomologique d’Egypte, 1934, 427–435.
Di Giulio, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2007) Description of the first instar larva of Euzonitis rubida with remarks on the systematics of the subfamily Nemognathinae (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Entomologica Fennica, 18, 102–109.
Di Giulio, A., Aberlenc, H.-P., Vigna Taglianti, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2003) Definition and description of larval types of Cyaneolytta (Coleoptera Meloidae) and new records of their phoretic association with Carabidae (Coleoptera). Tropical Zoology, 16, 165–187.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2003.10531193
Di Giulio, A., Bologna, M.A. & Pinto, J.D. (2002a) Larval morphology of the Meloe subgenus Mesomeloe: inferences on its phylogenetic position and a first instar larval key to the Meloe subgenera (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 69, 339–344.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000209356479
Di Giulio, A., Carosi, M., Khodaparast, R. & Bologna, M.A. (2014) Morphology of a new blister beetle (Coleoptera, Meloidae) larval type challenges the evolutionary trends of phoresy-related characters in the genus Meloe. Entomologia, 2 (164), 69–79.
https://doi.org/10.4081/entomologia.2014.164
Di Giulio, A., Pinto, J.D. & Bologna, M.A. (2005) Larval morphology of the Neotropical genus Epispasta (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Entomological Society of Canada, 137, 657–671.
https://doi.org/10.4039/n04-105
Di Giulio, A., Pinto, J.D. & Bologna, M.A. (2010) First-instar larva of Palaestra rufipennis (Westwood, 1841) and other Australian blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Nemognathinae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 49, 332–340.
http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2010.00765.x
Di Giulio, A., Sciotti, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2013) Revision of first instar larvae of Meloe, subgenera Eurymeloe and Coelomeloe, with new descriptions and a key to the species (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 80, 242–254.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2013.776119
Di Giulio, A., Turco, F. & Bologna, M.A. (2002b) Larval morphology of the genus Cerocomoa (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and phylogenetic implications. Entomologica Fennica, 13, 1–7.
Ge, S.-Q., Wipfler, B., Pohl, H., Hua, Y., Ślipiński, A., Yang, X.-K. & Beutel, R.G. (2012) The first complete 3D reconstruction of a spanish fly primary larva (Lytta vesicatoria, Meloidae, Coleoptera). PLoS ONE, 7 (12), e52511.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052511
Gess, F.W. & Gess, S.K. (1976) An ethological study of Parachilus insignis (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (natural History), 11, 83–102.
Gess, F.W. & Gess, S.K. (1983) The private lives of meloid beetles. The Naturalist, 27, 5–7.
Gorriz Muñoz, R.J. (1878) De Cariñena (Aragon) adresse des observations sur le Meloe majalis. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1878, 138–139.
Gorriz Muñoz, R.J. (1882) Ensayo para la Monografía de los Coléopteros Melóidos indigenas con Aplicación a las Ciencias médicas. Sanz y Navarro, Zaragoza, 201 pp., 2 pls.
Lawrence, J.F. (1991) Order Coleoptera. In: Stehr, F.W. (Ed.), Immature insects. Vol. 2. Dubuque. Kendall/Hunt, Iowa, pp. 144–298.
MacSwain, J.W. (1956) A classification of the first instar larvae of the Meloidae (Coleoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 12, i–iv + 1–182.
Pan, Z., Bai, Q.-Q., Wang, J. & Ren, G.-D. (2017) Revision of Hycleus solonicus (Pallas, 1782) (Coleoptera: Meloidae, Mylabrini), with larval description and DNA barcoding. Entomologica Fennica, 28, 219–232.
Pinto, J. & Bologna, M.A. (1999) The New World genera of Meloidae (Coleoptera): a key and synopsis. Journal of Natural History, 33, 569–619.
https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399300254
Shapovalov, A.M. (2016) Remarks on taxonomy of the genus Lytta Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Meloidae) with description of a new subgenus and two new species from Asia. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin, 12 (1), 99–108. [in Russian with English summary]
https://doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2016-12-1-99-108
Selander, R.B. (1960) Bionomics, systematics, and phylogeny of Lytta, a genus of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 295 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50342
Selander, R.B. (1987) Behavioral observations in Cyaneolytta and a description of the triungulin larva of C. fryi (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 60, 288–304.
Selander, R.B. (1990) Blister beetles of the genus Pseudopyrota (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 63, 46–79.
Settanni, C., Di Giulio, A., Finola, M.G. & Bologna, M.A. (2009) Intra- and interspecific analysis of first instar larval morphology in the genus Berberomeloe Bologna 1989 (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Zootaxa, 2089, 52–64.
Turco, F., Di Giulio, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2006a) First-instar larval morphology in the subtribe Lydina (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Lyttini), with discussion on its systematic value. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 53, 213–222.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.200600017.
Turco, F., Di Giulio, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2006b) The first larval description in the genus Diaphorocera Heyden (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Cerocomini): D. chrysoprasis Fairmaire. Zootaxa, 1295, 29–39.