Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2019-06-26
Page range: 485–525
Abstract views: 449
PDF downloaded: 36

The soft ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodida: Argasidae) of Mexico: species, hosts, and geographical distribution

Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, MSC, MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
Acari Argasidae Mexico hosts distribution keys

Abstract

Distribution and host data from published literature and previously unpublished collection records are provided for all 37 species of soft ticks, family Argasidae, that are known to occur in Mexico, including Ornithodoros dugesi, which is generally regarded as a junior synonym of Ornithodoros talaje, and Ornithodoros marinkellei, a new record for Mexico. Parasite-host and host-parasite lists are presented, together with keys to adults and larvae, and a gazetteer of collection localities supplemented by maps showing each species’ distribution in Mexico.

 

References

  1. Altamirano, F. (1906) Turicata de San Juan de Aragón. Anales del Instituto Médico Nacional, 8, 39­­­­–41.

    Banks, N. (1908) A revision of the Ixodoidea, or ticks, of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series, 15, 1–61.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.87529

    Banks, N. (1910) New American mites. Arachnoidea, Acarina. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 12, 2­­­­–10.

    Barros-Battesti, D.M., Garcia Ramirez, D., Alves Landufo, G., Luz, H.F.J., Dantas-Torres, F., Labruna, M.B., Venzal, J.M. & Onofrio, V.C. (2013) Immature argasid ticks: diagnosis and keys for Neotropical region. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 22, 443–456.

    https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612013000400002

    Bishopp, F.C. (1941) The fowl tick and how premises may be freed from it. United States Department of Agriculture. Farmer’s Bulletin, 1070, 3–16.

    Bishopp, F.C. & Trembley, H.L. (1945) Distribution and hosts of certain North American ticks. Journal of Parasitology, 31, 1­–54.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3273061

    Brumpt, E.L., Mazzotti, L. & Brumpt, C. (1939) Étude épidémiologique de la fièvre récurrente endémique des hauts plateaux mexicains. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 17, 275­–286.

    https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1939-1940174275

    Burger, T.D., Shao, R., Labruna, M.B. & Barker, S.C. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of soft ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) inferred from mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 195–207.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.10.009

    Bustamante, M.E. & Varela, G. (1943) Existencia de una nueva rickettsiosis en México. Existencia de la fiebre manchada americana en los estados de Sinaloa y Sonora. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 4, 189–210.

    Bustamante, M.E., Varela, G. & Roch, E. (1947) Estudio de una nueva fiebre petequial aislada en Michoacán (República Mexicana) del Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 8, 163–174.

    Buttler, J.F. & Gibbs, E.P.J. (1984) Distribution of potential soft tick vectors of African swine fever in the Caribbean region (Acari: Argasidae). Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2, 63­­­­­–70.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(84)90049-7

    Carrillo, J.L.S., Ortega, A.C. & Gibson, W.W. (1966) Lista de insectos en la colección entomológica del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Primer Suplemento a la “Lista de Insectos de la Colección Entomológica de la Oficina de Estudios Especiales, S. A. G”. Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia—Oficina de Estudios Especiales, México, Folleto Misceláneo No. 14, 1–133.

    Černý, V. (1966) Parantricola sg. nov., a new subgenus of argasid ticks (Ixodoidea). Folia Parasitologica, 13, 379–383.

    Černý, V. (1967) Two new species of argasid ticks (Ixodoidea, Argasidae) from Cuba. Folia Parasitologica, 14, 141­–148.

    Chavarría, M. (1941) Garrapatas determinadas en México. Caracteres genéricos de las más comunes. Revista del Instituto Pecuario (Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento), 1, 18–24.

    Chavarría, M. (1958) Parásitos externos de las aves domésticas de México. In: Anonymus. Avicultura Moderna. Memorias del XI Congreso Mundial de Avicultura. La Prensa Médica Mexicana, Mexico City, pp. 546–550.

    Colín-Martínez, H. & García-Estrada, C. (2018) Parasite load and new soft tick record (Ixodida: Argasidae) on the bat species Balantiopteryx plicata and Pteronotus parnellii in Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Vector Ecology, 43, 190–192.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12299

    Cooley, R.A. (1936) Ornithodoros parkeri, a new species on rodents. Public Health Reports, 51, 431–433.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4581804

    Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1940) Two new species of Argasidae (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Public Health Reports, 55, 925–933.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4583300

    Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1941a) Further new species of Ornithodoros from bats (Acarina: Argasidae). Public Health Reports, 56, 910–914.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4583715

    Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1941b) Three new species of Ornithodoros (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Public Health Reports, 56, 587–594.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4583666

    Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1941c) Ornithodoros viguerasi, a new species of tick from bats in Cuba (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Public Health Reports, 56, 396–399.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4583636

    Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1944) The Argasidae of North America, Central America and Cuba. American Midland Naturalist Monograph, No. 1, 1–152.

    Dantas-Torres, F., Venzal, J.M., Bernardi, L.F.O., Ferreira, R.L., Onofrio, V.C., Marcili, A., Bermúdez, S.E., Ribeiro, A.F., Barros-Battesti, D.M. & Labruna, M.B. (2012) Description of a new species of bat-associated argasid tick (Acari: Argasidae) from Brazil. Journal of Parasitology, 98, 36–45.

    https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2840.1

    Davis, G.E. (1942) Tick vectors and life cycles of ticks. Publications of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 18, 67–76.

    Davis, G.E. (1943) Studies on the biology of the argasid tick, Ornithodoros nicollei Mooser. Journal of Parasitology, 29, 393–395.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3272846

    Diyes, G.C.P. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Life cycle of spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting the race horses in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. Acta Tropica, 166, 164–176.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.026

    Dugès, A. (1876) Turicata de Guanajuato. Artículo en el periódico “El Repertorio” de Guanajuato, 25 April 1876, 11–12.

    Dugès, A. (1884) Turicata y garrapata de Guanajuato. “La Naturaleza,” Periódico científico de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, Primera Serie, 6, 195–198.

    Dugès, A. (1887) Argas sanchezi, nobis. “La Naturaleza,” Periódico científico de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, Segunda Serie, 1, 20.

    Dusbábek, F. (1970) The acarina zone of parasitic mites (Acarina) from Cuba and Mexico. Results of the first Cuban-German Alexander von Humboldt Expedition 1967/68 No. 5. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 46, 273–276.

    https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19700460205

    Endris, R.G., Keirans, J.E., Robbins, R.G. & Hess, W.R. (1989) Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis (Acari: Argasidae): redescription by scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 146–154.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/26.3.146

    Estrada-Peña, A. & Jongejan, F. (1999) Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23, 685–715.

    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006241108739

    Fairchild, G.B., Kohls, G.M. & Tipton, V.J. (1966) The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In: Wenzel, R.L. & Tipton, V.J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 167–219.

    Fox, I. (1947) Ornithodoros puertoricensis, a new tick from rats in Puerto Rico. Journal of Parasitology, 33, 253–259.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3273558

    Gibson, W.W. & Carrillo, J.L. (1959) Lista de insectos de la colección entomológica de la Oficina de Estudios Especiales, S. A. G. Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganadería.Oficina de Estudios Especiales, Folleto Misceláneo No. 9, 1–254.

    González-Álvarez, V.H., Almazán-García, C., Siller-Rodríguez, Q.K., Sánchez-Ramos, F.J., Váldes-Perezgasga, M.T. & Ortega-Morales, A.I. (2018) Otobius megnini (Dugès) on a dog from the north-central part of Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist, 43, 267–270.

    https://doi.org/10.3958/059.043.0118

    Guérin-Méneville, M. (1849) Description de l’Argas talaje. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Apliquée, 1, 342–344.

    Guglielmone, A.A. & Keirans, J.E. (2002) Ornithodoros kohlsi Guglielmone and Keirans (Acari : Ixodida : Argasidae), a new name for Ornithodoros boliviensis Kohls and Clifford, 1964. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 822.

    Guglielmone, A.A., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Petney, T.N., Estrada-PenÞa, A., Horak, I.G., Shao, R. & Barker, S.C. (2010) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa, 2528 (1), 1–28.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2528.1.1

    Guzmán-Cornejo, C., García-Prieto, L., Pérez-Ponce de León, G. & Morales-Malacara, J.B. (2003) Parasites of Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from arid regions of Mexico. Comparative Parasitology, 70, 11–25.

    https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647(2003)070[0011:POTBMC]2.0.CO;2

    Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Paredes-León, R., Labruna, M.B., Nava, S. & Venzal, J.M. (2012) Molecular identification and description of the female of Nothoaspis reddelli (Ixodida: Argasidae) from a cave in southeastern Mexico. Journal of Parasitology, 98, 918–923.

    https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3146.1

    Guzmán-Cornejo, C., García-Prieto, L., Nava, S., Venzal, J.M., Sánchez-Montes, S. & Montiel-Parra, G. (2016) Redescription of Ornithodoros dyeri (Ixodida: Argasidae) based on morphologic and molecular data. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 834–841.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.03.015

    Guzmán-Cornejo, C., García-Prieto, L., Rebollo-Hernández, A., Venzal, J.M., Nava, S. & Sánchez-Montes, S. (2017) Molecular evidence and additional morphological characters to distinguish Ornithodoros brodyi and Ornithodoros yumatensis (Ixodida: Argasidae) in their different developmental stages. Acta Parasitologica, 62, 432–438.

    https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2017-0051

    Herrera M.L.G., Ortega-García, S., Morales-Malacara, J.B., Flores-Martínez, J.J., López-Ortega, G. & Richman, A.D. (2016) Geographical and seasonal patterns of spleen mass and acarine load in tropical and subtropical leaf-nosed bats. Acta Chiropterologica, 18, 517–526.

    https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.2.018

    Hoffmann, A. (1958) Una nueva especie de Antricola encontrada en México (Acar., Argas.). Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 9, 97–102.

    Hoffmann, A. (1961) Artrópodos mexicanos de interés médico y veterinario. Editorial Productos DDT, S.A., México D.F., 63 pp.

    Hoffmann, A. (1962) Monografía de los Ixodoidea de México. I Parte. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 23, 191–307.

    Hoffmann, A. & López-Campos, M.G. (2000) Biodiversidad de los ácaros de México. Fideicomiso Fondo para la Biodiversidad, México, D.F., 230 pp.

    Hoffmann, A., Bassols de Barrera, I. & Méndez, C. (1972) Nuevos hallazgos de ácaros en México. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 33, 151–159.

    Hoffmann, A., López-Campos, M.G. & Vázquez-Rojas, I.M. (2004) Artrópodos de las cavernas de México. In: Llorente Bousquets, J.E., Morrone, J.J., Yáñez Ordóñez, O. & Vargas Fernández, I. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: Hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Vol. IV. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, pp. 229–326.

    Hoffmann, C.C. (1926) La garrapata de las gallinas, un serio peligro para la Avicultura Nacional. Revista de la Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, 1, 19–22.

    Hoffmann, C.C. (1930) Monografía para la Entomología Médica de México. Los argásidos de México. Anales del Instituto de Biología, 1, 135–164.

    Hoogstraal, H. (1985) Argasid and nuttalliellid ticks as parasites and vectors. Advances in Parasitology, 24, 135–238.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60563-1

    Hunter, W.D. & Hooker, W.A. (1907) Information concerning the North American fever tick with notes on other species. United States Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Entomology, 72, 1–87.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.109955

    Jellison, W.L., Bell, E.J., Huebner, R.J., Parker, R.R. & Welsh, H.H. (1948) Q fever studies in southern California: IV. Occurrence of Coxiella burneti in the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini. Public Health Reports, 63, 1483–1489.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4586756

    Jones, E.K. & Clifford, C.M. (1972) The systematics of the subfamily Ornithodorinae (Acarina: Argasidae). V. A revised key to larval Argasidae of the Western Hemisphere and description of seven new species of Ornithodoros. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 65, 730–740.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/65.3.730

    Jones, E.K., Clifford, C.M., Keirans, J.E. & Kohls, G.M. (1972) Ticks of Venezuela (Acarina: Ixodoidea) with a key to the species of Amblyomma in the Western Hemisphere. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 17, 1–40.

    Kaiser, M.N., Hoogstraal, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1964) The subgenus Persicargas, new subgenus (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas). 1. A. (Persicargas) arboreus, new species, an Egyptian persicus-like parasite of wild birds, with a redefinition of the subgenus Argas. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 57, 60–69.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/57.1.60

    Keirans, J.E. & Clifford, C.M. (1975) Nothoaspis reddelli, new genus and new species (Ixodoidea: Argasidae), from a bat cave in Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 81–85.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/68.1.81

    Keirans, J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Reddell, J.R. (1977) Description of immature stages of Nothoaspis reddelli (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) from bat caves in Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 70, 591–595.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/70.4.591

    Koch, C.L. (1844) Systematische Übersicht über die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 1, 217–239.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29560

    Kohls, G.M. (1957) Acarina: Ixodoidea. Insects of Micronesia, 3, 85–104.

    Kohls, G.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1960) Observations on the subgenus Argas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas). 2. A. cooleyi, new species, from western North American birds. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 625–631.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/53.5.625

    Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1964) Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) boliviensis sp. n. (Acarina: Argasidae) from bats and houses in Bolivia. Journal of Parasitology, 50, 6, 792-796.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3276204

    Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1968) The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas). 6. A. (P.) giganteus, n. sp., from wild birds in western United States and Sonora, Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 1113–1116.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/61.5.1113

    Kohls, G.M., Hoogstraal, H. & Clifford, C.M. (1961) Observations on the subgenus Argas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas). 5. Study of Argas brevipes Banks, 1908, from birds in Arizona and California, U.S.A., and Baja California, Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54, 869–877.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/54.6.869

    Kohls, G.M., Sonenshine, D.E. & Clifford, C.M. (1965) The systematics of the subfamily Ornithodorinae (Acarina: Argasidae). II. Identification of the larvae of the Western Hemisphere and description of three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58, 331–364.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/58.3.331

    Kohls, G.M., Clifford, C.M. & Jones, E.K. (1969) The systematics of the subfamily Ornithodorinae (Acarina: Argasidae). IV. Eight new species of Ornithodoros from the Western Hemisphere. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 1035–1043.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/62.5.1035

    Kohls, G.M., Hoogstraal, H., Clifford, C.M. & Kaiser, M.N. (1970) The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas). 9. Redescription and New World records of Argas (P.) persicus (Oken), and resurrection, redescription and records of A. (P.) radiatus Railliet, A. (P.) sanchezi Dugès, and A. (P.) miniatus Koch, New World ticks misidentified as A. (P.) persicus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, 590–606.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/63.2.590

    Labruna, M.B., Nava, S., Terassini, F.A., Onofrio, V.C., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Camargo, L.M.A. & Venzal, J.M. (2011) Description of adults and nymph, and redescription of the larva, of Ornithodoros marinkellei (Acari: Argasidae) with data on its phylogenetic position. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 207–217.

    https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2620.1

    Labruna, M.B., Guzmán-Cornejo, C. & Venzal, J.M. (2012) Maternal care in the soft tick Antricola marginatus. Journal of Parasitology, 98, 876–877.

    https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3056.1

    Lepage, D. (2014) Avibase, the World Bird Database. Available from: http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/ (accessed 12 January 2019)

    Lindquist, E.E., Galloway, T.D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L.R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R.G. (2016) A handbook to the ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, pp. i–v + 1–317.

    Luz, H.R., Bezerra, B.B., Flausino, W., Marcili, A., Muñoz-Leal, S. & Faccini, J.L.H. (2018) First record of Ornithodoros faccinii (Acari: Argasidae) on toads of genus Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 27, 390–395.

    https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120180032

    Macías-Valadez, S. (1923) Ensayo de una monografía sobre Ixodidos mexicanos vulgo garrapatas, Memorias de la Sociedad “Antonio Alzate”, 41, 197–216.

    Mans, B.J., Featherston, J., Kvas, M., Pillay, K.A., de Klerk, D.G., Pienaar, R., de Castro, M.H., Schwan, T.G., Lopez, J.E., Teel, P., Perez, de L. & de León, A.A.P. (2019) Argasid and ixodid systematics: Implications for soft tick evolution and systematics, with a new argasid species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 219–240.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.09.010

    Matheson, R. (1935) Three new species of ticks, Ornithodorus [sic] (Acarina, Ixodoidea). Journal of Parasitology, 21, 347–353.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3271944

    Mazzotti, L. (1940) Ornithodoros coprophilus McIntosh en el Estado de Chiapas. Ciencia, 1, 405–406.

    Mazzotti, L. (1941) Ornithodoros dyeri en México. Medicina México, 2, 313–314.

    Mazzotti, L. (1942a) Los Ornithodoros de México y su relación con la fiebre recurrente. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 3, 47–52.

    Mazzotti, L. (1942b) Estudio sobre la transmisión de Spirochaeta venezuelensis. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 3, 297–301.

    Mazzotti, L. (1943a) Una nueva especie de Ornithodoros en México. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 4, 371–375.

    Mazzotti, L. (1943b) Transmission experiments with Spirochaeta turicatae and S. venezualensis with four species of Ornithodoros. American Journal of Hygiene, 38, 203–206.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118882

    Mazzotti, L. (1947) La distribución del Ornithodoros turicata en la República Mexicana y su relación con la fiebre recurrente. Salubridad y Asistencia, 7, 277–284.

    Mazzotti, L. (1949) Sobre una nueva espiroqueta de la fiebre recurrente encontrada en México. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 10, 277–281.

    Mazzotti, L. (1950a) La aureomicina en el tratamiento de la fiebre recurrente humana causada por Spirochaeta turicatae. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 11, 53–55.

    Mazzotti, L. (1950b) Presencia del Ornithodoros stageri en México. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 11, 153–157.

    Mazzotti, L. (1953) Presencia en México de espiroquetas de la fiebre recurrente en Ornithodoros talaje. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 13, 285–287.

    McIntosh, A. (1935) Description of a tick, Ornithodoros coprophilus n. sp., from bat guano. Parasitology, 27, 519–522.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000015456

    Mégnin, P.A. (1885) Les Argas du Mexique. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 21, 460–476.

    Mooser, H. (1932) Ornithodoros nicollei spec. nov. Anales del Instituto de Biología, 3, 127–131.

    Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1110.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1

    Múñoz-Leal, S., Venzal, J.M., Nava, S., Reyes, M., Martins, T.F., Leite, R.C., Vilela, V.L.R., Benatti, H.R., Ríos-Rosas, D., Barros-Battesti, D.M., González-Acuña, D. & Labruna, M.B. (2018) The geographic distribution of Argas (Persicargas) miniatus and Argas (Persicargas) persicus (Acari: Argasidae) in America, with morphological and molecular diagnoses from Brazil, Chile and Cuba. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 44–56.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.10.009

    Naudé, T.W., Heyne, H., Van der Merwe, I.R. & Benic, M.J. (2001) Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Dugès, 1884) as the cause of an incident of painful otitis externa in humans: to the editor. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 72, 118–119.

    https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v72i3.633

    Nava, S., Venzal, J.M., Reyes Novelo, E.A., Mangold, A.J. & Labruna, M.B. (2012) Morphological study of Ornithodoros viguerasi Cooley and Kohls, 1941 (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae), with sequence information from the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. Acarologia, 52, 29–38.

    https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122035

    Nava, S., Venzal, J. M., González-Acuña, D., Martins, T.F. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2017) Ticks of the Southern Cone of America: diagnosis, distribition, and hosts with taxonomy, ecology and sanitary importance. Academic Press, London, 348 pp.

    Neumann, L.G. (1899) Révision de la famille des Ixodidés. III. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 12, 107–294.

    Neumann, L.G. (1901) Révision de la famille des Ixodidés. IV. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 14, 249–372.

    Nuttall, G.H.F. (1921) Note on the external characters which serve to differentiate the sexes. Parasitology, 13, 345–347.

    Nuttall, G.H.F., Warburton, C., Cooper, W.F. & Robinson, L.E. (1908) The Argasidae. In: Nuttall, G.H.F., Warburton, C., Cooper, W.F. & Robinson, L.E. (Eds.), Ticks: A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part. I. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–104.

    Oken, L. (1818) Sogenannte giftige Wanze in Persien. Isis, Oken, 9, 1567–1570.

    Ortíz Mariotte, C. (1945) Estudio de la fiebre manchada en la zona de Jimulco. Boletín Epidemiológico, 8, 26–28.

    Ortíz Mariotte, C., Bustamante, M.E. & Varela, G. (1944) Hallazgo del Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille infectado naturalmente con fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas, en Sonora (México). Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 5, 297–300.

    Pérez, F.J. & González, S.D. (2018) First record of the spinose ear tick (Otobius megnini) on the Baird’s tapir. International Journal of Acarology, 44, 189–191.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2018.1490347

    Philip, C.B. (1940) Ticks (Ornithodoros sp.) in Arizona bat “caves.” Public Health Reports, 55, 680–682.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/4583256

    Pilz, H. & Mooser, H. (1936) La fiebre recurrente en Aguascalientes. Boletín del Instituto de Higiene, México, 2, 295–300.

    Poché, R.M. & Keirans, J.E. (1975) Report of a tick, Ornithodoros rossi (Acarina: Argasidae), from the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 503.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/12.5.503

    QGIS Development Team (2018) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Availabe from: http://qgis.osgeo.org/ (accessed 12 January 2019)

    Railliet, A. (1893) Traité de Zoologie Medicale et Agricole. Asselin et Houzeau, Libraires de la Société Central de Médecine Vétérinaire, Paris, 1303 pp.

    Ramírez-Pulido, J., González-Ruiz, N., Gardner, A.L. & Arroyo-Cabrales, J. (2014) List of recent land mammals of Mexico, 2014. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 63, 76 pp.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.142891

    Sánchez-Montes, S., Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Martínez-Nájera, Y., Becker, I., Venzal, J.M. & Labruna, M.B. (2016) Rickettsia lusitaniae associated with Ornithodoros yumatensis (Acari: Argasidae) from two caves in Yucatan, Mexico. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 1097–1101.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.09.003

    Schulze, P. (1935) Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Zecken. (Das Sternale, die Mundwerkzeuge, Analfurchen und Analbeschilderung, ihre Bedeutung, Ursprünglichkeit und Luxurieren.) Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 30, 1–40.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418067

    Silva-Goytia, R. & Elizondo, A. (1952) Estudios sobre la fiebre manchada en México. II. –Parásitos hematófagos encontrados naturalmente infectados. Revista Medicina de México, 32, 278–282.

    Varela, G. & Aparicio, A. (1951) Intestinal bacteria found in Triatoma and Ornithodoros. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 31, 381–382.

    https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1951.s1-31.381

    Venzal, J.M., Estrada-Peña, A., Mangold, A.J., González-Acuña, D. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2008) The Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) talaje species group (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae): description of Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) rioplatensis n. sp. from southern South America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45, 832–840.

    Villegas-Guzman, G.A., López-González, C. & Vargas, M. (2005) Ectoparasites associated to two species of Corynorhinus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Guanaceví mining region, Durango, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (2), 125–127.

    Wharton, G.W. (1938) Acarina of Yucatan caves. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications, 491, 137–152.

    Wolfgang, M. & Polaco, O.J. (1985) Notas sobre ectoparásitos de murciélagos. Veterinaria, México, 16, 269–271.

    Zarate-Ramos, J.J., Nevárez-Garza, A.M., Zamora-Ávila, D.E. & Rodríguez-Tovar, L.E. (2014) Myotonia and colic associated with the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, in a horse in northern Mexico. Research Journal of Parasitology, 9, 16–20.

    https://doi.org/10.3923/jp.2014.16.20