Abstract
The present study describes a new species of Pyrgoma Leach, 1817, a coral associated barnacle attached to Tubastrea, from the south of New Caledonia. Pyrgoma spurtruncata sp. nov. is morphologically close to P. cancellatum Leach, 1818, P. japonica Weltner, 1897 and P. kuri Hoek, 1913 in the absence of extended tergal muscle crests. Pyrgoma cancellatum and P. kuri have a shallow, fully open, medial furrow of the tergal spur, whereas in P. spurtruncata sp. nov. the medial furrow is deeper and closed. Pyrgoma spurtruncata sp. nov. differs from P. japonica Weltner, 1897 in the width of the tergal spur and the length of the rostral tooth of the scutum. Phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial markers, 12S rDNA and COI, confirm a unique, distinct clade of P. spurtruncata sp. nov. among the current available molecular information regarding Pyrgoma species.
References
Alidoost, S.P., Mostafavi, P.G., Chen, C.A., Fatemi, S.M.R. & Pichon, M. (2018) The Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Abu-Musa and Sirri Islands, Persian Gulf. Zoological Studies, 57, 56.
https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2018.57-56
Asami, K & Yamaguchi, T. (1997) Distribution of living and fossil coral barnacles (Cirripedia; Pyrgomatidae) in Japan. Sessile Organisms, 14, 9–16.
https://doi.org/10.4282/sosj.14.9
Chan, B.K.K., Garm, A. & Høeg, J.T. (2008) Setal morphology and cirral setation of thoracican barnacle cirri: adaptations and implications for thoracican evolution. Journal of Zoology, 275, 294–306.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00441.x
Chan, B.K.K., Chen, Y.Y. & Lin, H.C. (2013a) Biodiversity and host specificity of coral barnacles of Galkinia (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae) in Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 33 (3), 392–431.
https://doi.org/10.1163/1937240X-00002134
Chan, B.K.K., Chen, Y.Y & Achituv Y. (2013b) Crustacean Fauna of Taiwan: Barnacles, Volume II -Cirripedia: Thoracica: Pyrgomatidae. Academia Sinica Press, Taipei, 364pp.
Chan, B.K.K., Xu, G., Kim, H.K., Park, J.H. & Kim, W. (2018) Living with marginal coralcommunities: Diversity and host-specificity in coral-associated barnacles in the northern coral distribution limit of the East China Sea. PLoS ONE, 13 (5), e0196309.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196309
Chen, Y.Y., Lin, H.C. & Chan, B.K.K. (2012) Description of a new species of coral-inhabiting barnacle barnacle, Darwiniella angularis sp. n. (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatidae) from Taiwan. ZooKeys, 214, 43–74.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.214.3291
Dana, J.D. (1846–1849) Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838–1849.
Lee & Blanchard, Philadelphia, 740 pp., 61atlas pls. [pp. 1–120 + 709–720 (1846), pp. 121–708 + 721–740 (1848), atlas pls. 1–61 (1849)]
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.70845
Darwin, C. (1854) A Monograph on the Subclass Cirripedia with figures of all the species. Vol. 2. The Balanidae (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidae, etc. Ray Society, London, 684pp.
Gray, J.E. (1825) A synopsis of the genera of Cirripedes arranged in natural families, with a description of some new species. Annals of Philosophy, 10, 97–107.
Gray, J.E. (1847) An outline of an arrangement of stony corals. Annals of Philosophy, 10, 120–128.
https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809496460
Hiro, F. (1935) A study of cirripeds associated with corals occurring in Tanabe Bay. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, 7, 45–72.
Hoek, P.P.C. (1913) The Cirripedia of the Siboga Expedition. B: Cirripedia Sessilia. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 31B, 129–275.
Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, 3059–3066.
Kim, H.K., Chan, B.K.K., Xu, G. & Kim, W. (2019) The formation of lunule-like hollows in shells of the acorn barnacle Tetraclitella chinensis (Nilsson-Cantell, 1921), with a reappraisal of the taxonomic status of T. multicostata (Nilsson-Cantell, 1930) (Cirripedia: Tetraclitidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2019, 1–14.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870–1874.
Leach, W.E. (1817) Distribution systematique de la classe des Cirripedès. Journal de Physique, 85, 67–69.
Leach, W.E. (1818) Cirripedes. In: Supplement to the Fourth and Fifth Editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co, 3, 168–171.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Vol. 1. 10th Revised Edition. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Malay, M.C.D. & Michonneau, F. (2014) Phylogenetics and morphological evolution of coral-dwelling barnacles (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae). Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 113, 162–179.
Nilsson-Cantell, C.A. (1938) Cirripedes from the Indian Ocean in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 13, 1–81.
Ogawa, K. & Matsuzaki, K. (1991) An essay on host specificity, systematic taxonomy and evolution of the coral-barnacles. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 47, 87–101
Pilsbry, H.A. (1916) The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 93, 1–366.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.93.1
Ren, X. (1986) Studies on Chinese Cirripedia (Crustacea), VII. Family Pyrgomatidae, Studia Marina Sinica, 26, 129–158.
Richer de Forges, B., Chan, T.Y., Corbari, L., Lemaitre, R., Macpherson, E., Ahyong, S.T. & Ng, P.K.L. (2013) The MUSORSTOM-TDSB deep-sea benthos exploration program (1976-2012): An overview of crustacean discoveries and new perspectives on deep-sea zoology and biogeography. In: Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.-Y., Corbari, L. & Ng, P.K.L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 13–66.
Ross, A. & Newman, W.A. (1973) Revision of the coral inhabiting barnacles (Cirripedia: Balanidae). Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 17 (12), 137–174.
Ross, A. & Newman, W.A. (2000) Pyrgoma kuri Hoek, 1913: A case study in morphology and systematics of a symbiotic coral barnacle (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha). Contributions to Zoology, 68 (4), 245–260.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-06804002
Ross, A. & Newman, W.A. (2002) A review of Pyrgoma cancellatum species complex (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae). Journal of Natural History, 36, 407–421.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010009336
Simon-Belcher, N., Huchon, D. & Achituv, Y. (2007) Phylogeny of coral-inhabiting barnacles (Cirripedia; Thoracica; Pyrgomatidae) based on 12S, 16S and 18S rDNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1333–1341.
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30, 1312–1313.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Tsang, L.M., Chan, B.K.K., Shih, F.L., Chu, K.H. & Chen, A.C. (2009) Host-associated speciation in the coral barnacle Wanella milleporae (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae) inhabiting the Millepora coral. Molecular Ecology, 18, 1463–1475.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04090.x
Tsang, L.M., Chu, K.H., Nozawa, Y. & Chan, B.K.K. (2014) Morphological and host specificity evolution in coral symbiont barnacles (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) inferred from a multi-locus phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 77, 11–22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.002
Weltner, W. (1897) Verzeichnis de bisher beschriebenen recenten cirripedienarten. Mit Angabe derim Berliner Museum verhandenen species und ihrer fundorte. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 63 (1), 227–280.