Abstract
Adults and larvae of Aleochara are found in fly-infested habitats, where the larvae are ectoparasitoids of fly pupae. There are three subgenera recorded in Brazil. This study provides a taxonomic revision of Brazilian species of the subgenus Aleochara. As a result, we recognize seven species in Brazil, A. bonariensis Lynch, A. bugnioni Fauvel, A. lustrica Say, A. chrysorrhoa Erichson and three species described by Sharp: A. auricoma, A. mundana and A. prisca. Redescriptions and illustrations of the male and female genitalia are provided for all species. Nomenclatural changes: A. bugnioni is considered a new junior synonym of A. lateralis Erichson, and A. pseudochrysorrhoa Caron, Mise & Klimaszewski is a new junior synonymy of A. bonariensis. In addition, the type of A. verecunda Sharp, was not studied and the name is considered as species inquirenda, while A. curtula (Goeze) is not confirmed in Brazil and its Neotropical records is discussed. Finally, a key to species is provided and an updated checklist of the Brazilian species of Aleochara (Aleochara), including synonyms, is compiled.
References
Almeida, L.M. & Mise, K.M. (2009) Diagnosis and key of the main families and species of South American Coleoptera of forensic importance. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53, 227–244.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000200006
Ashe, J.S. (2002) Aleocharinae In: Navarrete-Heredia, J.L., Newton, A.F., Thayer, M.K., Ashe, J.S. & Chandler, D.S. (Eds.), ‘Guía Ilustrada de los Géneros de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de México—Illustrated Guide to the Genera of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Mexico.’ Universidad de Guadalajara y CONABIO, México, pp. 121–199.
Bernhauer, M. & Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk-Schenklin (Ed.), Coleopterarum Catalogus. Junk, Berlin, pp. 499–988.
Blackwelder, R.E. (1943) Monograph of the West Indian beetles of the family Staphylinidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 182, i–viii + 1–658.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.182.i
Blackwelder, R.E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, xii + 1–188.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.i
Buss, B.C., Moussallem, M. & Caron, E. (2018) Rediscovery and New Subgenus Assignment of Aleochara repetita Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 72, 702–706.
Caron, E., Mise, K.M. & Klimaszewski, J. (2008) Aleochara pseudochrysorrhoa, a new species from southern Brazil (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a complete checklist of Neotropical species of the genus. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 827–842.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752008000400022
Caron, E., Ribeiro-Costa, C.S. & Newton, A.F. (2012) Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Piestinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 490–585.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS10016
Casey, T.L. (1906) Observations on the Staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 16, 125–434.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48654
Chevrolat, A. & Fauvel, A. (1863) Coléoptères de l’Ile de Cuba. Notes, synonymies et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Famille des Staphyliniens. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Serie 4, 3, 427–446.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.1863.11755444
Dalla Torre, C.W. (1879) Die Käferfauna von Oberösterreich. Systematisches Verzeichnis der in Oberösterreich bisher beobachteten Käfer. Jahresbericht des Vereines für Naturkunde in Oesterreich ob der Enns zu Linz, 10, 1–125 [continued in 11, 1–81, 1880, note: reference and comments by Newton (2019).]
Duvivier, A. (1883) Énumération des staphylinides décrits depuis la publication du catalogue de MM. Gemminger & de Harold. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 27, 91–215.
Erichson, G.F. (1839) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F.H. Morin, Berlin, v + 954 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59644
Evenhuis, N.L. (2019) Abbreviations for insects and spiders collections of the world. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-inst.html (accessed 8 August 2019)
Fabricius, J.C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus II. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae (Kiel), 687 pp.
Fauvel, A. (1887) Los estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Notes sur l’ouvrage de M. F. Lynch-Arribálzaga. Revue d’Entomologie, 6, 230–234.
Fauvel, A. (1901) Voyage de M. le Dr. Ed. Bugnion au Venezuela, en Colombie et aux Antilles. Revue d’Entomologie, 20, 69–91.
Feynes, A. (1918) Coleoptera, fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 1–414.
Feynes, A. (1921) Coleoptera, fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 415–453.
Fery, H. (2013) David Sharp (1840–1922). A bibliography and a catalogue of his insects names. Skörvnöpparn, Umeá, 4 (Supplement), 1–144.
Fleming, J. (1821) Insecta. Supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica, with preliminary dissertations on the history of sciences. Vol. 5. Part 1. A. Constable and Company, Edinburgh, pp. 41–56, pls. 85.
Geoffroy, E.L. (1785) Fourcroy, A. F.de. (Ed.), Entomologia Parisiensis; sive catalogus insectorum quae in agro parisiensi reperiuntur; secundum methodum Geoffraeanam in sectiones, genera & species distributus: cui addita sunt nomina trivalia & fere trecentae novae species. Pars Prima. Via et Aedibus Serpentineis, Parisiis, vii + [1] + 231 pp. [note: reference by Newton (2019)]
Goeze, J.A.E. (1777) Entomologische Beyträge zu des Ritter Linné zwölften Ausgabe des Natursystems. Erster Theil. Weidmanns Erben & Reich, Leipzig, xvi + 736 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45974
Gravenhorst, J.L.C. (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familias et species distribuit. Carolus Reichard, Brunsuigae (Brunswick), lxvi + 206 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9568
Heer, O. (1839) Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. Pars I. Fascicule II. Orelii, Fuesslini et Sociorum, Turici (Zurich), pp. 145– 360.
International Comission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 1999 co The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, xxix + 306 pp. Available from: https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature (accessed 8 August 2019)
Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1–129.
https://doi.org/10.4039/entm116129fv
Klimaszewski, J. & Jansen, R.E. (1993) Systematics, biology and distribution of Aleochara Gravenhorst from Southern Africa. Part I: subgenus Xenochara Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 36, 53–107.
Klimaszewski, J., Génier, F. & Uhlig, M. (1987) Review of Erichson’s types of Aleochara from Mexico, West Indies and South America. Florida Entomologist, 70, 249–260.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3495157
Klimaszewski, J., Frank, J.H. & Peck, S.B. (1990) Two new species and a key to the adults of Aleochara of Florida (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Florida Entomologist, 73, 177–185.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3495343
Latreille, P.A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Familles naturelles des genres. Vol. 3. F. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp. [pp. i–xii + 13–467]
Leschen, R.A.B. & Newton, A.F. (2015) Checklist and type designations of New Zealand Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Zootaxa, 4028 (3), 301–353.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.1
Lynch, F. (1884) Los estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciências, Córdoba, 7, 5–392.
Luo, T.-H. & Zhou, H.-Z. (2012) Taxonomic study of the subgenus Aleochara (s. str.) Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in China, with descriptions of four new species. Annals of the entomological Society of America, 105,179–200.
https://doi.org/10.1603/AN11137
Maus, C. (1998) Taxonomical contributions to the subgenus Coprochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Koleopterogische Rundschau, 68, 81–100.
Maus, C., Mittmann, B. & Peschke, K. (1998) Host records of Parasitoid Aleochara Gravenhorst species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) attacking puparia of cyclorrhapheous Diptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 45, 231–254.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19980450209
Maus, C., Peschke, K. & Dobler, S. (2001) Phylogeny of the genus Aleochara inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 18, 202–216.
https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0874
Moussallem, M., Ribeiro-Costa, C.S. & Caron, E. (2014) Review of Solier’s Mecorhopalus species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa, 3852 (5), 540–552.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.5.2
Mulsant, E. & Rey, C. (1874) Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France. Brévipennes. Aléochariens. (Suite). Aléocharaires. Deyrolle, Paris, 565 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51566
Newton, A.F., Chacón, C.G. & Chandler, D.S. (2005) Checklist of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 6, 1–72.
Newton, A.F. & Thayer, M.K. (1992) Current classification and family-group names in Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera). Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 67, 1–92.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3544
Newton, A.F. (2019) StaphBase: Staphyliniformia world catalog database (version Nov 2018). In: Roskov, Y., Ower, G., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P.M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., Nieukerken, E. van Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.), Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Available from: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019 (accessed 20 August 2019)
Paykull, G. (1789) Monographia Staphylinorum Sveciae. Johann. Edman, Upsaliae (Uppsala), 8 + 81 pp. [note: reference by Newton (2019).]
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.146996
Pace, R. (2008) New records of Aleocharinae from Ecuador and Peru, with the description of new species, new subgenera and new genera (Coleoptera, Stapylinidae). In: Biodiversity of South America. I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1, pp. 225–398.
Pace, R. (2009) Nuovi dati faunistici e tassonomici su Aleocharinae delle tribù Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini e Aleocharini del Sudamerica (Coleoptera: Staplylinidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 59, 133–173.
Park, J.S. & Ahn, K.J. (2010) Korean species of Aleochara Gravenhorst subgenus Xenochara Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Zookeys, 60, 21–36.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.60.404
Say, T. (1832) Descriptions of new species of North American insects, and observations of some of the species already described. New Harmony, Indiana, 8 pp. [pp. 50–57]
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68600
Say, T. (1834) Descriptions of new North American insects, and observations on some already described. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 4, 409–470.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1004840
Sharp, D.S. (1874) The Staphylinidae of Japan. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1874, 1–103.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1874.tb00159.x
Sharp, D. (1876) Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera—Staphylinidae. Vol. 1. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, London, 398 pp. [pp. 27–424]
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5536
Sharp, D. (1883) Staphylinidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. 1 (2). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 145–312.
Smetana, A. (2004) Family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802 [except Pselaphinae, Scaphidiinae]. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2. Hydrophiloidea—Histeroidea—Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 29–35 + 237–272 + 329–495 + 504–698. [Note: reference by Newton (personal communication).]
Solsky, S.M. (1872) Enumération et description des Coléoptères de la famille des Staphylinides recueillis par Mrs. C. Jeisky et le Baron de Nolkin pendant leurs voyages dans l’Amerique du Sud in 1870 et 1871. Première partie. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 8, 289–314.
Song, J.-H. & Ahn, K.-J. (2013) Molecular pylogeny reveals multiple origens of seashore colonization in the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 239–244.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12040
Stephens, J.F. (1832) Illustrations of British entomology, or a synopsis of indigenous insects, containing their generic and specific distinctions, with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable. Mandibulata. Vol. 5. Baldwin & Cradock, London, 240 pp., pls. 24-26. [Note: reference by Newton (2019)]
Thompson, C.G. (1860) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade. Tomus II. Berlingska Boktryckeriet, Lund, 304 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.138677
Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2012) Revision of the Seashore-dwelling Subgenera Emplenota Casey and Triochara Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: genus Aleochara) from Japan. Zootaxa, 3517 (1), 1–52.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3517.1.1
Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2016a) Revision of the subgenus Tinotus Sharp stat. nov., of the parasitoid rove-beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Japan, Taiwan, and the Russian Far East. Zookeys, 559, 81–106.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.559.6755
Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2016b) Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa, 4101 (1), 1–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4101.1.1